Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Afrikaans:
Meerjarige Raaigras
Common Names in Dutch:
Engels Raaigras
Common Names in English:
Annual Rye Grass, Annual Ryegrass, Common Ray, English Ryegrass, Italian Ryegrass, Perennial Rye Grass, Perennial Ryegrass, Rye Grass
Common Names in French:
Ivraie Vivace, Ray-Grass Anglais
Common Names in German:
Deutsches Weidelgras, Englisches Raygras
Common Names in Italian:
Loglierella
Common Names in Japanese:
Hoso-Mugi
Common Names in Polish:
źycica Trawała
Common Names in Portuguese:
Azevém-Vivaz, Lólio-Perenne
Common Names in Russian:
Plevel Mnogoletnij, плевел многолетний
Common Names in Spanish:
Ballico Perenne, Césped Inglés, Ray-Gras Ingles, Raygras
Description
Physical Description
Species Lolium perenne
Perennial , turf-forming. Culms tufted , erect or spreading , sometimes prostrate and rooting from lower nodes, 30-90 cm tall, 3-4-noded. Leaf blades soft, 5-20 cm × 3-6 mm, glabrous , young blades folded; auricles to 3 mm; ligule 2-2.5 mm. Raceme stiffly erect, or rarely slightly curved , 10-30 cm; rachis glabrous, smooth , spikelets usually less than their own length apart. Spikelets 0.8-2 cm, florets 5-10, rachilla internodes ca. 1 mm, smooth, glabrous; glume lanceolate, 1/3 as long to subequaling spikelet, 3-9-veined, margins narrowly membranous, apex acute or obtuse ; lemmas oblong , herbaceous, 5-9 mm, 5-veined, smooth, apex obtuse to subacute , awnless; palea ciliolate along keels. Caryopsis length more than 3 times width . Fl. and fr. May-Jul. 2n = 14, 28. [source]
Habit: Graminoid
Flowers: Bloom Period: April, May. • Flower Color: pale green
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 6-12" tall.
Habitat
Meadows, grassy places, moist roadsides. Commonly cultivated in China [1].
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,653 meters (0 to 15,266 feet).[2]
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .
Taxonomy
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Plants
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Vascular Plants
- Order:
Poales
(
)
- Family:
hard W. Pohl. 4 1980 [Chicago]:
Field Mus
(
)
- Subfamily:
Pooideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Poeae
(
)
- Genus:
Lolium
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1753
- Specific epithet:
perenne
- L.
- Form:
Y PRESS Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000Similar Species
[ Back to top ]Members of the genus Lolium
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 42 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
L. arundinaceum (Alta Fescue) · L. canariense (Canary Islands Ryegrass) · L. giganteum (Giant Fescue) · L. hybridum (Short-Rotation Ryegrass) · L. multiflorum 'Cipollini' (Italian Rye Grass 'cipollini') · L. multiflorum 'Danakyl' (Italian Rye Grass 'danakyl') · L. multiflorum 'Mustela' (Italian Rye Grass 'mustela') · L. multiflorum 'Spa' (Italian Rye Grass 'spa') · L. multiflorum 'Steel' (Italian Rye Grass 'steel') · L. perenne (Annual Rye Grass) · L. perenne multiflorum (Italian Ryegrass) · L. perenne 'Albion' (English Rye Grass 'albion') · L. perenne 'Alcander' (Perennial Rye Grass 'alcander') · L. perenne 'Augustus' (Rye Grass 'augustus') · L. perenne 'Aventino' (Rye Grass 'aventino') · L. perenne 'Bluma' (English Rye Grass 'bluma') · L. perenne 'Boyne' (Perennial Rye Grass 'boyne') · L. perenne 'Calvano 1' (Perennial Rye Grass 'calvano 1') · L. perenne 'Cassiopeia' (English Rye Grass 'cassiopeia') · L. perenne 'Channi 1' (Perennial Rye Grass 'channi 1') · L. perenne 'Diams' (English Rye Grass 'diams') · L. perenne 'Dickens 1' (English Rye Grass 'dicken 1') · L. perenne 'Double' (Perennial Rye Grass 'double') · L. perenne 'Drop' (Rye Grass 'drop') · L. perenne 'Fandango' (English Rye Grass 'fandango') · L. perenne 'Fleuron' (English Rye Grass 'fleuron') · L. perenne 'Indicus 1' (Perennial Rye Grass 'indicus 1') · L. perenne 'Intrada' (English Rye Grass 'intrada') · L. perenne 'Ketarion 1' (Perennial Rye Grass 'ketarion 1') · L. perenne 'Madrid' (English Rye Grass 'madrid') · L. perenne 'Mercedes' (Rye Grass 'mercedes') · L. perenne 'Novello' (Perennial Rye Grass 'novello') · L. perenne 'Oustal' (English Rye Grass 'oustal') · L. perenne 'Palazzo' (Rye Grass 'palazzo') · L. perenne 'Tetragreen' (Perennial Rye Grass 'tetragreen') · L. perenne 'Zagora' (Rye Grass 'zagora') · L. persicum (Persian Rye Grass) · L. pratense (Meadow Fescue) · L. rigidum (Swiss Ryegrass) · L. rigidum rigidum (Wimmera Ryegrass) · L. temulentum (Darnel) · L. x boucheanum (Short-Rotation Ryegrass)
More Info
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Further Reading
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- A first report on the relations between climates and crops. By Cleveland Abbe. Washington [D.C.]: Govt. Print. Off., 1905. url p. 191.
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- A flora of western middle California, Berkeley, Cal., Encina Publishing Company, 1901. url .
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- A handbook for farmers and dairymen. New York, J. Wiley & sons; [etc., etc.]1908. url p. 110.
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- A manual of farm grasses, Washington, D. C., The author, 1921. url , p. 98.
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- A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations, Cedar Rapids, Ia., The Torch Press, 1911. url .
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Notes
[ Back to top ]Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 14, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 45 providers.
- "Lolium perenne". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 243, 244. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 14, 2007:
- Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, GEO Biodiversity Day
- Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands, CGN-PGR
- Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
- Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
- The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Botany
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Lund Botanical Museum
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Plants
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Joint Nature Conservation Committee - Vegetation surveys of coastal shingle in Great Britain
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Scottish Borders Biological Records Centre - SWT Scottish Borders Local Wildlife Site Survey data 1996-2000 - species information
- University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
- University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
- Utah Valley State College
- , Utah Valley State College Herbarium
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-40893
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4395043
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:407494-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 22494
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 40893
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA3U020
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: LOMUR LOPE
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 44442
Footnotes
- "Lolium perenne". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 243, 244. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 122.970 meters (403.445 feet), Standard Deviation = 208.500 based on 20,000 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
- Form:
Y PRESS Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
- Specific epithet:
perenne
- L.
- Genus:
Lolium
(
- Tribe:
Poeae
(
- Subfamily:
Pooideae
(
- Family:
hard W. Pohl. 4 1980 [Chicago]:
Field Mus
(
- Order:
Poales
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
