Lithospermum canescens

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Boraginaceae

Herbs perennial , biennial, or annual , less often lianas, shrubs , or trees , usually bristly or scabrous-pubescent. Leaves simple , exstipulate , alternate, rarely opposite, entire or serrate at margin . Inflorescences often double scorpioid cymes, rarely solitary; bracts present or absent. Flowers bisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic. Calyx usually 5-parted or lobed , mostly persistent . Corolla tubular , campanulate , rotate, funnelform , or salverform ; tube appendages 5, rarely more, mostly trapeziform, rarely absent, sometimes a ring of hairs present; limb usually 5-parted; lobes overlapping, rarely twisted in bud. Stamens 5, inserted on corolla tube or rarely at throat , included or rarely exserted; anthers introrse , 2-loculed, usually dorsifixed at base , less often medifixed , dehiscence longitudinal . Nectaries at base of corolla tube or on disc below ovary. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate; locules 2 and each with 2 ovules, or 4 and each with 1 ovule; ovules nearly atropous , semianatropous, or anatropous . Style terminal or gynobasic , branched or not. Gynobase flat, fastigiate , or subulate . Fruit 1-4-seeded drupes or nutlets (mericarps) ; nutlets mostly dry, often ornamented with wings , prickles and/or glochids (stiff bristles with barbed or anchorlike tips ) . Seeds vertical or oblique , coat membranous; embryo straight, less often curved ; cotyledons flat, fleshy .

About 156 genera and 2500 species: temperate and tropical regions , centered in the Mediterranean region; 47 genera and 294 species in China, of which four genera and 156 species are endemic.[1]

Genus Lithospermum

Herbs annual or perennial , short strigose . Leaves alternate. Cymes terminal or flowers solitary, bracteate . Calyx 5-parted nearly to base , slightly enlarged in fruit. Corolla white, yellow, or violet, actinomorphic , funnelform or salverform ; throat with appendages or bands of hairs , or longitudinally crispate ; limb usually campanulate , 5-parted; lobes spreading . Stamens included ; filament very short; anthers oblong-linear, apex obtuse , mucronulate . Style filiform , not exserted; stigma entire or indistinctly 2-cleft, capitate. Gynobase flat. Nutlets white or gray, ovoid , smooth , shiny or tuberculate ; attachment scar at base adaxially.

About 50 species: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America; five species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 12-15" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Batrachium circinatum (Sibthorp) Reichenb. • Batrachium circinatum subrigidum< /i> (W. Drew) A. & D. Löve • Batrachium longirostre (Godr.) F. W. Schultz • Batschia Canescens • Batschia canescens Michx. • Ranunculus amphibius James • Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus Withering P. P. • Ranunculus aquatilis var. longirostris (Godr.) Lawson • Ranunculus aquatilis var. subrigidus (W. Drew) Breitung • Ranunculus circinatus auct. non Sibthorp • Ranunculus circinatus var. subrigidus (W. Drew) L. Benson • Ranunculus subrigidus W. Drew • Ranunculus usneoides Greene

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Lithospermum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 27 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

L. arvense arvense (Field Gromwell) · L. californicum (California Gromwell) · L. calycosum (Chinati Gromwell) · L. canescens (Gromwell) · L. caroliniense (Carolina Gromwell) · L. caroliniense var. caroliniense (Carolina Puccoon) · L. caroliniense var. croceum (Carolina Puccoon) · L. cobrense (Mountain Gromwell) · L. confine (Arizona Gromwell) · L. diffusum (Scrambling Gromwell) · L. erythrorhizon (Lithospermum) · L. incisum (Fringed Gromwell) · L. latifolium (American Gromwell) · L. matamorense (Rough Gromwell) · L. mirabile (San Antonio Gromwell) · L. multiflorum (Many-Flowered Gromwell) · L. obtusifolium (Rounded-Leaf Gromwell) · L. officinale (European Gromwell) · L. parksii (Parks Stoneseed) · L. parksii I.M.Johnst. var. parksii I.M.Johnst. (Parks' Gromwell) · L. parksii I.M.Johnst. var. rugulosum I.M.Johnst. (Parks' Gromwell) · L. parksii var. parksii (Parks' Stoneseed) · L. parksii var. rugulosum (Parks Stoneseed) · L. purpureocoeruleum (Gromwell) · L. ruderale (Columbia Puccoon) · L. tuberosum (Tuberous Gromwell) · L. viride (American Bugleweed)

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Further Reading

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• A general system of gardening and botany. Founded upon Miller's Gardener's dictionary, and arranged according to the natural system. By George Don. London, Printed for C. J. G. and F. Rivington, 1831-38. url p. 326.
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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 19, 2007:

• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2654755
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-31945
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13749730
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:117981-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 105396
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 31945
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDBOR0L030
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: BACA7
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 25011

Footnotes

1. Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl & Rudolf V. Kamelin "Boraginaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 329. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Lithospermum". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 342. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.