Linaria dalmatica

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Genus Linaria

Herbs, annual or perennial . Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled , often sessile; veins 1 or several and campylodromous . Inflorescences spicate , racemose, or rarely capitate. Calyx 5-lobed almost to base . Corolla tube tubular , base spurred; limb 2-lipped; lower lip convex , dilated toward center of upper lip, almost closed at throat , and making corolla personate , 3-lobed, densely glandular hairy ; upper lip erect, 2-lobed. Stamens 4, anterior 2 longer ; anthers anterior and posterior connivent in 2 pairs, locules parallel, divergent after dehiscence. Stigma apex often emarginate . Capsule ovoid or globose , apically dehiscing by irregular pores , valves irregular. Seeds numerous , flattened, often disclike with a broadly winged margin , rarely 3-angled and wingless or reniform and with a thickened margin.

About 100 species: northern temperate zones, mainly in Asia and Europe; ten species in China.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,180 meters (0 to 10,433 feet).[2]

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 18-24" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Linaria

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 33 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

L. aeruginea (Linaria) · L. alpina (Alpen-Leinkraut) · L. alpina alpina (Alpine Toadflax) · L. angustissima (Italian Toadflax) · L. bipartita (Clovenlip Toadflax) · L. bipartita linogrisea (Cloven-Lip Toadflax) · L. dalmatica (Dalmatian Toadflax) · L. dalmatica dalmatica (Dalmatian Toadflax) · L. dalmatica macedonica (Dalmatian Toadflax) · L. dalmatica subsp. macedonica (Dalmation Toadflax) · L. genistifolia (Broom-Leaf Toadflax) · L. incarnata (Crimson Toadflax) · L. maroccana (Baby Snapdragon) · L. maroccana 'Confetti' (Baby Snapdragon) · L. maroccana 'Dwarf Fairy Bouquet Mix' (Baby Snapdragon) · L. maroccana 'Fantasy' (Dwarf Baby Snapdragon) · L. nevadensis 'Gemstones' (Linaria) · L. nevadensis 'Grenada Sol' (Linaria) · L. pelisseriana (Pelissers Toadflax) · L. pinifolia (Pineneedle Toadflax) · L. pseudolaxiflora (Maltese Toadflax) · L. purpurea (Perennial Toadflax) · L. purpurea 'Alba' (Perennial Toadflax) · L. purpurea 'Canon J. Went' (Canon J. Went Perennial Toadflax) · L. repens (Pale Toadflax) · L. reticulata (Purple-Net Toadflax) · L. reticulata 'Flamenco' (Spurred Snapdragon) · L. reticulata 'Flaming Passion' (Spurred Snapdragon) · L. sepium (Toadflax) · L. spartea (Ballast Toadflax) · L. supina (Lesser Butter and Eggs) · L. triornithophora (Three Bird Toadflax) · L. vulgaris (Butter and Eggs)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A dictionary of English names of plants applied in England and among English-speaking people to cultivated and wild plants, trees, and shrubs, by William Miller; in two parts, English-Latin and Latin-English. London, J. Murray, 1884. url p. 137.
• A year's gardening London, T. Werner Laurie, [1912?] url .
• A year's gardening, New York, C. Scribner's sons[1912?] url p. 223.
• Alpines and bog-plants, London, E. Arnold, 1908. url .
• Botanical and vegetation survey of Carter County, Montana, Bureau of Land Management-administered lands / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst, Stephen V. Cooper, and Bonnie L. Heidel; prepared for United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1998] url , p. 90.
• Botanical survey of the Scratchgravel Hills, Lewis and Clark County, Montana / Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c1998. url , .
• Brigham Young University science bulletin. 5 1964 Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University, [1955-1976] url p. 22.
• Brooklyn Botanic Garden record. 25 1936 [Brooklyn]: Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1912-44. url p. 5, p. 7.
• Budd's flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces / [Ottawa]: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1987. url p. 645.
• Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1922 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 11, p. 13.
• Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. Los Angeles, Calif.: The Academy, 1902-1971. url .
• Colour in my garden, by Louise Beebe Wilder. Illustrated in colour, by Anna Winegar. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Page, 1918. url p. 137, p. 151, p. 27, p. 283, p. 394, p. 396, p. 399, p. 400, p. 401.
• Common weeds of the Canadian Prairies; Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1963. url p. 17, p. 46, p. 68.
• Conservation strategy for Silene spaldingii (Spalding's catchfly) in Montana / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, 2005. url , .
• Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1892- url .
• Dog Meadow timber sale project environmental assessment / Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, Stillwater Unit Office. Olney, Mont.: The Dept., [2003] url p. 7.
• Draft environmental assessment: Lewis and Clark Caverns State Park aerial weed spraying project. [Bozeman, MT]: Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, [2007] url .
• Flora of Illinois, containing keys for identification of flowering plants and ferns. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame Press, 1963. url p. 199.
• Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url p. 723.
• Gardening. Chicago, the Gardening Co., 1892-1925. url p. 132, p. 67.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1987 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 573.
• Hand-list of herbaceous plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens. London, Printed for H. M. Stationery Off. by Darling, 1902. url p. 683.
• Hardy flowers. Descriptions of upwards of thirteen hundred of the most ornamental species, with directions for their arrangement, culture, etc.. .. By W. Robinson. London, Macmillan, 1878. url p. 165.
• Integrated pest management in Montana schools training: a study manual for IPM in Montana school pest applicators. Helena, Montana: The Dept., 1996. url p. 76.
• Jottings of a gentleman farmer: a practical guide to flower gardening for amateur gardeners: to which is added some suggestions on growing food plants during the war / by E.T. Ellis. London: L. Reeve & co., 1917. url .
• Journal of botany, British and foreign. London: Robert Hardwicke, 1863-1942. url p. 186.
• Leaflets of western botany. San Fransisco:[J. T. Howell], 1932-1966. url , , , , p. 111, p. 151, p. 153, p. 159, p. 235, p. 264, p. 358, p. 58.
• Lists of plant types for landscape planting; the materials of planting for ornament listed according to their various uses, by Stephen F. Hamblin. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1923. url , p. 144.
• Montana gray wolf conservation and management plan: draft environmental impact statement / by Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Helena, Mont.: Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, 2003. url p. 275.
• Montana weed management plan / Helena, Mont.: Montana Dept. of Transportation, 2008. url .
• Nicholson, G. The illustrated dictionary of gardening: a practical and scientific encyclopædia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists /edited by George Nicholson; assisted by J.W.H. Trail. .. and J. Garrett. .. 9 1884 London: L.U. Gill, [1884]-88. url p. 390, p. 411.
• Occasional papers - San Diego Society of Natural History. San Diego, The Society. url p. 127, p. 127.
• Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 479.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 327, p. 333.
• Plant species of special concern and plant associations of Sheridan County, Montana / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, 2000. url .
• Plant-breeding, New York, The Macmillan company, 1915. url p. 83.
• Plant-breeding, by L. H. Bailey. New York, Macmillan, 1915. url p. 83.
• Plants for California landscapes: a catalog of drought tolerant plants. [Sacramento, Calif.]: State of California, Resources Agency, Dept. of Water Resources, [1979] url p. 96.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 332.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 706.
• Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science. Indianapolis, Ind.[s.n.] url p. 111.
• Round the year in the garden; a descriptive guide to the flowers of the four seasons, and to the work of each month in the flower, friut and kitchen garden, by H. H. Thomas. .. Beautifully illustrated with twelve direct colour photographs by H. Essenhigh Corke, and sixty-four half-tone plates. New York, Funk and Wagnalls company[1916] url p. 163.
• Sensitive plant species in weed management areas on the Helena National Forest: final report / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2002. url , .
• Sensitive plant species survey at the southern end of the Elkhorn Mountains, Broadwater and Jefferson Counties, Montana / prepared by Bonnie L. Heidel; prepared for Bureau of Land Management. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1995] url .
• Sensitive plant surveys in the Big Belt and Elkhorn Mountains, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Region 1, Helena National Forest, Montana / prepared by Jackie M. Poole and Bonnie L. Heidel; prepared for Helena National Forest. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1993] url , .
• Species and varieties, their origin by mutation; lectures delivered at the University of California Chicago, The Open Court Publishing Company; [etc., etc.]1906. url , .
• Species and varieties: their origin by mutation / lectures delivered at the University of California by Hugo DeVries; edited by Daniel Trembly MacDougal. Chicago: The Open Court; 1906, c1904. url p. 482, p. 840.
• Species and varieties; their origin by mutation. Lectures delivered at the University of California by Hugo De Vries. Edited by Daniel Trembly MacDougal. Chicago, K. Paul, Trench, Truber, 1906 [c1904] url p. 482, p. 838.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 495.
• Statewide roadside vegetation management plan: integrated weed management component 2006-2011 / Helena, Mont.: Montana Dept. of Transportation, 2006. url .
• Survey for Psoralea hypogaea in the Great Falls Resource Area, Lewistown District, Bureau of Land Management, Montana / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c1994. url , .
• Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url p. 52.
• The American florist: a weekly journal for the trade. Chicago: American Florist Company, [1885-1931] url p. 1135, p. 1154, p. 1201, p. 679.
• The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History. London, Taylor and Francis, Ltd. url p. 549, p. 549.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 218, p. 253, p. 388, p. 443, p. 496, p. 567, p. 69.
• The English flower garden and home grounds: design and arrangement followed by a description of the plants, shrubs and trees for the open-air garden and their culture / by W. Robinson. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1921. url p. 549.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , p. 100, p. 121, p. 132, p. 143, p. 146, p. 148, p. 176, p. 185, p. 192, p. 226, p. 250, p. 296, p. 351, p. 389, p. 416, p. 423, p. 428, p. 428, p. 459, p. 54, p. 570, p. 633.
• The Gardener's magazine and register of rural & domestic improvement. London: Longman, Rees, Orome, Brown and Green, 1826-1844. url p. 409.
• The Gardeners' chronicle and agricultural gazette. London: published for the proprietors, 1844-1873. url p. 1496.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url , , , p. 141, p. 17, p. 184, p. 237, p. 240, p. 35, p. 386, p. 400, p. 426, p. 427, p. 458, p. 81, p. 96.
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• The Illustrated dictionary of gardening: a practical and scientific encyclopaedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists / edited by George Nicholson. ..; assisted by J.W.H. Trail. .. and J. Garrett. ... London: L. Upcott Gill; 1887-1889. url p. 369, p. 390, p. 411.
• The Journal of horticulture, cottage gardener and country gentlemen. London: George W. Johnson and Robert Hogg, 1861-1877. url p. 112.
• The book of garden design, London and New York, J. Lane, 1905. url .
• The book of garden design, by Charles Thonger. London, J. Lane, 1905. url p. 70.
• The complete garden, by Albert D. Taylor, assisted by Gordon D. Cooper. Illustrated with fifty full page cuts, four line charts, and nine coloured plates. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Page, 1921. url , p. 184, p. 229, p. 229.
• The garden... London, 1872- url p. 423.
• The gardener's magazine and register of rural & domestic improvement. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1826-1844. url p. 409.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 1884.
• The villa gardener; comprising the choice of a suburban villa residence; the laying out, planting, and culture of the garden and grounds; and the management of the villa farm, including the dairy and poultry-yard. .. By J. C. Loudon. London, W. S. Orr & co., 1850. url p. 254.
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• Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 11 providers.
• National Invasive Species Information Center, National Agricultural Library, United States Department of Agriculture. Web Site. Accessed May 3, 2008.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 24, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:

• Arizona State University, International Institute for Species Exploration: Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• Australian National Herbarium (CANB)
• Berkeley Natural History Museums: University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland: Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
• Burke Museum: Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium (WTU)
• Finnish Museum of Natural History: Botanic Garden of the Finnish Museum of Natural History
• GBIF-Spain: Jardi Botanic de Valencia: VAL
• GBIF-Spain: Real Jardin Botanico (Madrid), Vascular Plant Herbarium (MA)
• GBIF-Sweden: Botany (UPS)
• Missouri Botanical Garden
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo: Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo (O)
• UK National Biodiversity Network: Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular plant data for Scottish Vice-counties (VCs 80, 84, 103 & 104)
• UK National Biodiversity Network: Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database
• Utah State University: USU-UTC Specimen Database
• Utah Valley State College (UVSC): Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2667866
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-503474
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:804554-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 102284
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 503474
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDSCR110F0
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 12020

Footnotes

1. "Linaria". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 49. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 959.890 meters (3,149.245 feet), Standard Deviation = 750.990 based on 419 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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