Description
Family Scrophulariaceae
Herbs, sometimes shrubs
, rarely trees
; mostly autotrophic, less often hemiparasitic or parasitic. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled
, or basally opposite and apically alternate, simple
or sometimes pinnately dissected
. Inflorescences racemes
, spikes, or thyrsoid
panicles, determinate or indeterminate, or flowers solitary. Flowers perfect
, usually zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic
. Calyx often persistent
, (2-) 4- or 5-lobed or -parted, variously connate
. Corolla sympetalous
; limb (3 or) 4- or 5-lobed, often 2-lipped. Stamens mostly 4, didynamous
, sometimes 1 or 2 staminodes present, less often 2 or 5 stamens; anther
locules 1 or 2, equal or subequal
, free
or confluent
. Nectary
often present at base
of ovary, ringlike, cupular, or reduced to a gland
. Ovary superior, 2-loculed, rarely apically 1-loculed; ovules numerous
, rarely 2 per locule, on axile
placentas, anatropous
or hemitropous
. Style
simple; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, or 2-lamellate. Fruit a capsule, septicidal
, loculicidal, or septifragal, sometimes opening by pores
or irregularly dehiscent
, rarely a berry. Seeds minute or rarely conspicuous
, sometimes winged
; testa often reticulate
; hilum
lateral
or ventral
; endosperm fleshy
or absent; embryo straight or curved
.
About 220 genera and 4500 species: cosmopolitan
; 61 genera (seven endemic) and 681 species (415 endemic) throughout China but with a greater concentration in SW China.Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Scrophulariaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Genus Linaria
Herbs, annual
or perennial
. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled
, often sessile; veins 1 or several and campylodromous
. Inflorescences spicate
, racemose, or rarely capitate. Calyx 5-lobed almost to base
. Corolla tube
tubular
, base spurred; limb 2-lipped; lower lip convex
, dilated
toward center of upper lip, almost closed
at throat
, and making corolla personate
, 3-lobed, densely glandular
hairy
; upper lip erect, 2-lobed. Stamens 4, anterior 2 longer
; anthers
anterior and posterior connivent in 2 pairs, locules parallel, divergent after dehiscence. Stigma apex often emarginate
. Capsule ovoid
or globose
, apically dehiscing by irregular pores
, valves
irregular. Seeds numerous
, flattened, often disclike with a broadly winged
margin
, rarely 3-angled and wingless or reniform
and with a thickened margin.
About 100 species: northern temperate
zones, mainly in Asia and Europe; ten species in China."Linaria". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 49. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Flowering Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Superorder:
Lamianae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Scrophulariales
(
)
- Lindley, 1833
- Family:
Scrophulariaceae
(
)
- Durande, 1782, Nom. Cons.
- Figwort Family
- Subfamily:
Scrophularioideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Antirrhineae
(
)
- Genus:
Linaria
(
)
- Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4. 2. 1754.
- Toadflax
- Cultivar:
Anstey
- Botanical name: - Linaria 'Anstey'
- Cultivar:
Anstey
- Genus:
Linaria
(
- Tribe:
Antirrhineae
(
- Subfamily:
Scrophularioideae
(
- Family:
Scrophulariaceae
(
- Order:
Scrophulariales
(
- Superorder:
Lamianae
(
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
An accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.
Similar Species
Members of the genus Linaria
There are approximately 904 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
L. 'Anstey' · L. 'Blue Dreams' · L. 'Blue Pygmy' · L. 'Globosa Alba' · L. 'Natalie' · L. 'Parham Variety' · L. 'Sue' · L. 'Toni Aldiss' · L. 'Winifrid's Delight' · L. 'Yalin' · L. acerbiana · L. acutangula · L. acutifolia · L. acutiloba · L. adzharica · L. aegyptiaca · L. aegyptica · L. aequitriloba · L. aequitriloba fragilis · L. aequitriloba subsp. fragilis · L. aequitriloba var. parviflora · L. aerugina · L. aeruginea (Linaria) · L. aeruginea 'Aureopurpurea' · L. aeruginea cardonica · L. aeruginea nevadensis · L. aeruginea nevadensis 'Gemstones' · L. aeruginea pruinosa · L. aeruginea subsp. cardonica · L. aeruginea subsp. nevadensis · L. aeruginea subsp. pruinosa · L. affinis · L. agglutinans · L. aguillonensis · L. alaica · L. alba · L. albifrons · L. algarbiensis · L. algarviana · L. algeriensis · L. almijarensis · L. alpina (Alpen-Leinkraut) · L. alpina 'Purpurea' · L. alpina 'Rosea' · L. alpina alpina · L. alpina benearnensis · L. alpina faucicola · L. alpina guarensis · L. alpina proles benearnensis · L. alpina propinqua · L. alpina subsp. benearnensis · L. alpina subsp. faucicola · L. alpina subsp. guarensis · L. alpina subsp. propinqua · L. alpina var. aciculifolia · L. alpina var. badalii · L. alpina var. odoratissima · L. altaica · L. ambigua · L. amesthystea · L. amethystea · L. amethystea ignescens · L. amethystea multipunctata · L. amethystea subsp. broussonetii · L. amethystea subsp. ignescens · L. amethystea subsp. multipunctata · L. amethystea var. ignescens · L. amethystina · L. amoi · L. amoris · L. angustealata · L. angustifolia · L. angustissima (Italian Toadflax) · L. annua · L. anthirrhinoides · L. anticaria · L. anticaria 'Antique Silver' · L. anticaria cuartanensis · L. anticaria rossmassleri · L. anticaria subsp. cuartanensis · L. anticaria subsp. rossmassleri · L. antilibanotica · L. aparinoides · L. apennina · L. aphylla · L. arabiniana · L. aragonensis · L. araratica · L. arcusangeli · L. arenaria · L. arenicola · L. arenosa · L. aristides · L. armeniaca · L. arrabidensis · L. arvensis · L. arvensis micrantha · L. arvensis simplex · L. ascalonica · L. asparagoides
Bibliography
- Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.
- Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 21, 2007.
Identifiers
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1835681
