Linaria alpina

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Genus Linaria

Herbs, annual or perennial . Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled , often sessile; veins 1 or several and campylodromous . Inflorescences spicate , racemose, or rarely capitate. Calyx 5-lobed almost to base . Corolla tube tubular , base spurred; limb 2-lipped; lower lip convex , dilated toward center of upper lip, almost closed at throat , and making corolla personate , 3-lobed, densely glandular hairy ; upper lip erect, 2-lobed. Stamens 4, anterior 2 longer ; anthers anterior and posterior connivent in 2 pairs, locules parallel, divergent after dehiscence. Stigma apex often emarginate . Capsule ovoid or globose , apically dehiscing by irregular pores , valves irregular. Seeds numerous , flattened, often disclike with a broadly winged margin , rarely 3-angled and wingless or reniform and with a thickened margin.

About 100 species: northern temperate zones, mainly in Asia and Europe; ten species in China.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,500 meters (0 to 8,202 feet).[2]

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 6-9" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.6 • Maximum pH: 7.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

An accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.

Similar Species

Members of the genus Linaria

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 33 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

L. aeruginea (Linaria) · L. alpina (Alpen-Leinkraut) · L. alpina alpina (Alpine Toadflax) · L. angustissima (Italian Toadflax) · L. bipartita (Clovenlip Toadflax) · L. bipartita linogrisea (Cloven-Lip Toadflax) · L. dalmatica (Dalmatian Toadflax) · L. dalmatica dalmatica (Dalmatian Toadflax) · L. dalmatica macedonica (Dalmatian Toadflax) · L. dalmatica subsp. macedonica (Dalmation Toadflax) · L. genistifolia (Broom-Leaf Toadflax) · L. incarnata (Crimson Toadflax) · L. maroccana (Baby Snapdragon) · L. maroccana 'Confetti' (Baby Snapdragon) · L. maroccana 'Dwarf Fairy Bouquet Mix' (Baby Snapdragon) · L. maroccana 'Fantasy' (Dwarf Baby Snapdragon) · L. nevadensis 'Gemstones' (Linaria) · L. nevadensis 'Grenada Sol' (Linaria) · L. pelisseriana (Pelissers Toadflax) · L. pinifolia (Pineneedle Toadflax) · L. pseudolaxiflora (Maltese Toadflax) · L. purpurea (Perennial Toadflax) · L. purpurea 'Alba' (Perennial Toadflax) · L. purpurea 'Canon J. Went' (Canon J. Went Perennial Toadflax) · L. repens (Pale Toadflax) · L. reticulata (Purple-Net Toadflax) · L. reticulata 'Flamenco' (Spurred Snapdragon) · L. reticulata 'Flaming Passion' (Spurred Snapdragon) · L. sepium (Toadflax) · L. spartea (Ballast Toadflax) · L. supina (Lesser Butter and Eggs) · L. triornithophora (Three Bird Toadflax) · L. vulgaris (Butter and Eggs)

More Info

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Further Reading

• 1997 IUCN red list of threatened plants Cambridge: IUCN, World Conservation Union, 1998 url p. 557.
• A dictionary of English names of plants applied in England and among English-speaking people to cultivated and wild plants, trees, and shrubs, by William Miller; in two parts, English-Latin and Latin-English. London, J. Murray, 1884. url p. 137.
• A garden diary, September 1899-September 1900 / by Emily Lawless. London: Methuen, 1901. url p. 38.
• A garden diary: September 1899-September 1900 / London: Methuen & Co., 1901. url .
• A practical guide to garden plants, containing descriptions of the hardiest and most beautiful annuals and biennials, hardy herbaceous and bulbous perennials, hardy water and bog plants, flowering and ornamental trees and shrubs, conife London;Longmans, Green, 1901. url , , , p. 103, p. 709, p. 93.
• A year's gardening London, T. Werner Laurie, [1912?] url .
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• Alpine flowers and gardens, painted and described by G. Flemwell. London, A. & C. Black, 1910. url p. 157, p. 165, p. 80.
• Alpine flowers for English gardens / by W. Robinson. London: Murray, 1879. url , p. 11, p. 120, p. 140, p. 424, p. 425, p. 427, p. 430, p. 432, p. 434, p. 435.
• Alpine flowers for gardens: rock, wall, marsh plants, and mountain shrubs / by W. Robinson. London: John Murray, 1903. url p. 10, p. 121, p. 134, p. 252.
• Alpine flowers for gardens; rock, wall, marsh plants, and mountain shrubs, by W. Robinson. London, J. Murray, 1910. url p. 10, p. 121, p. 134, p. 252.
• Alpine plants / by A.J. Macself; illustrated with colour photographs by R.A. Malby, water colour drawings by Winifred Walker, line drawings by G.E. Lee. New York: Scribner, 1923. url p. 155.
• Alpine plants, a practical manual for their culture, with a supplementary essay on The small rock-garden. London, C. Scribner's Sons, 1906, 1907. url , .
• Alpines and bog-plants / by Reginald Farrer. London, Arnold, 1908. url p. 92.
• Alpines and bog-plants, London, E. Arnold, 1908. url , .
• An Alpine A B C and list of easy rock plants, arranged by A. Methuen. New York, E. P. Dutton and company[1922] url p. 20.
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• The natural history of plants; their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution. From the German of Anton Kerner von Marilaun by F. W. Oliver, with the assistance of Marian Busk and Mary F. Ewart. London, Blackie, 1894-1895. url p. 180, p. 959.
• The perfect garden, how to keep it beautiful and fruitful, with practical hints on eonomical management and the culture of all the principal flowers, fruits, and vegetables; Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott company; [etc., etc.]1908. url p. 101, p. 114.
• The practical fruit, flower and vegetable gardener's companion with calendar. By Patrick Neill. .. Adapted to the United States New York, C.M. Saxton and Co.[c1855] url p. 237, p. 237.
• The primaeval world of Switzerland by Professor Heer; edited by James Heywood. London: Longmans, Green, 1876. url p. 208, p. 210.
• The rock garden, London, C. Scribner's sons, 1920. url .
• The story of my rock garden, by Reginald A. Malby. .. with introduction by W. Irving. .. illustrated with photographic reproductions and colour plates by the author. London, Headly bros., publishers, ltd.[1919] url p. 123, p. 131, p. 46, p. 61.
• The wild garden; or, Our groves & shrubberies made beautiful. .. London, J. Murray, 1870. url .
• Transactions and proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. [Edinburgh]: The Society, 1891-1970. url p. 122, p. 201, p. 201, p. 209, p. 210, p. 210, p. 473.
• Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. [St. Louis: Academy of Science of St. Louis], 1860-1958. url p. 251.
• Transactions of the Botanical Society. Edinburgh: Botanical Society of Edinburgh, 1841-1891. url p. 131, p. 231, p. 320, p. 388, p. 78.
• Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 2nd series: Botany 5 1901 London. url p. 479.
• Villa gardening: a handbook for amateur and practical gardeners / by Edward Hobday. London; MacMillan, 1887. url p. 31.
• Wall and water gardens / by Gertrude Jekyll. [London]: "Country life", [190-?] url p. 35.
• Wall and water gardens. By Gertrude Jekyll. [London]"Country life"[1902] url p. 35.
• Zoologische Jahrbücher. Jena [Germany]: G. Fischer, 1910-1993. url p. 54.
• Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 17, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 20 providers.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 17, 2008:

• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen: Biologiezentrum Linz
• Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland: Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
• Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien: Observations du Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien.
• European Environment Agency: EUNIS
• GBIF-Spain: Aranzadi Zientzi Elkartea
• GBIF-Spain: Botánica, Universidad de León: LEB-Cormo
• GBIF-Spain: CIBIO, Alicante:ABH-GBIF
• GBIF-Spain: Dirección General de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación de la Junta de Extremadura(DGIDTI): HSS
• GBIF-Spain: Herbario de la Universidad de Salamanca: SALA
• GBIF-Spain: Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
• GBIF-Spain: Jardi Botanic de Valencia: VAL
• GBIF-Spain: Real Jardin Botanico (Madrid), Vascular Plant Herbarium (MA)
• GBIF-Spain: Universidad de Extremadura, UNEX
• GBIF-Spain: Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas: FCO
• GBIF-Spain: Universidad del País Vasco/EHU, Bilbao: Herbario BIO
• GBIF-Spain: Universitat de Girona: HGI-Cormophyta
• GBIF-Sweden: Herbarium of Oskarshamn (OHN)
• inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn
• Karl Franzens University of Graz, Insitute for Botany - Herbarium GZU: Herbarium GZU
• Steiermärkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum - Herbarium GJO: Herbarium GJO
• Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
• UK National Biodiversity Network: Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• University of Vienna, Institute for Botany - Herbarium WU: Herbarium WU

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1672587
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15849025
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77063426-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 648271

Footnotes

1. "Linaria". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 49. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 430.130 meters (1,411.188 feet), Standard Deviation = 521.710 based on 666 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.