Limnanthes gracilis parishii

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Vulnerable

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Habitat

Parish’s meadow foam is limited to ephemeral wetlands in the mountains of southern California between 1100 and 1700 meters (Skinner and Pavlik 1994). It occurs on gentle slopes or in swales , in forest glades , among Mima mounds and in areas likely to be inundated (Bauder 1992). This species is thought to exist mostly in sandy loam soils with a pH of 6.4 to 7.2 (Gentry 1965). Sproul and Beauchamp (1979) considered California buttercup (Ranunculus californicus) to be a good indicator species for Parish’s meadowfoam (Winter 1991).

Biology

Reproduction

This species is a showy, annual in bloom from April to June that is pollinated by native solitary bees (Andrena and Panurginus) and honeybees (Apis mellifera) (Brown and Jain 1977; Skinner 1995). The restriction of the genus Limnanthes to ephemeral wetlands suggests that there is some threshold period of saturated or inundated soil required for germination and/or seedling establishment (Bauder 1992).

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Limnanthes gracilis Howell var. parishii (Jeps.) C. T. Mason • Limnanthes gracilis T. J. Howell parishii (Jepson) Beauchamp • Limnanthes gracilis var. parishii (Jepson) C. T. Mason • Limnanthes versicolor (Greene) Rydb. var. parishii Jeps. • Limnanthes versicolor var. parishii Jepson

Notes

Publishing author : R.M.Beauch. Publication : Phytologia 59: 440 1986

Basionym author: (Jeps.)

Basionym: Limnanthaceae Limnanthes versicolor Rydb. var. parishii

Basionym author: (Jeps.)

Basionym: Limnanthaceae Limnanthes versicolor Rydb. var. parishii

Basionym author: (Jeps.)

Similar Species

Genetics: This species is a member of the meadowfoam family (Limnanthaceae), a small family of wetland plants primarily along the Pacific coast of North America (Roberts 1993). Parish’s meadowfoam is one of two subspecies of Limnanthes gracilis on the west coast of the United States (Bauder 1992), and the only representative of the genus Limnanthes in southern California. Limnanthes montana is intermediate between the two subspecies of Limnanthes gracilis (varieties parishii and gracilis) in many respects on the basis of numerical taxonomic study (Bauder 1992).

Members of the genus Limnanthes

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 35 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

L. alba (White Meadow-Foam) · L. alba alba (White Meadowfoam) · L. alba var. detonsa (White Meadowfoam) · L. alba versicolor (White Meadowfoam) · L. alba subsp. versicolor (White Meadowfoam) · L. bakeri (Baker's Meadowfoam) · L. douglasii (Douglas Meadow-Foam) · L. douglasii nivea (Douglas' Meadowfoam) · L. douglasii rosea (Douglas' Meadowfoam) · L. douglasii sulphurea (Douglas' Meadowfoam) · L. douglasii sulphurea var. sulphurea (Fried Eggs) · L. douglasii sulpurea (Douglas' Meadowfoam) · L. douglasii subsp. nivea (Douglas' Meadowfoam) · L. douglasii subsp. rosea (Douglas' Meadowfoam) · L. douglasii subsp. sulphurea (Douglas' Meadowfoam) · L. floccosa (Woolly Meadow-Foam) · L. floccosa bellingerana (Butte County Meadowfoam) · L. floccosa bellingeriana (Bellinger's Meadowfoam) · L. floccosa californica (Shippee Meadowfoam) · L. floccosa floccosa (Woolly Meadowfoam) · L. floccosa grandiflora (Large-Flowered Woolly Meadowfoam) · L. floccosa pumila (Dwarf Woolly Meadowfoam) · L. floccosa subsp. bellingeriana (Woolly Meadowfoam) · L. floccosa subsp. californica (Butte County Meadowfoam) · L. floccosa subsp. grandiflora (Woolly Meadowfoam) · L. floccosa subsp. pumila (Woolly Meadowfoam) · L. gracilis (Slender Meadow-Foam) · L. gracilis gracilis (Slender Meadowfoam) · L. gracilis parishii (Parish's Meadowfoam) · L. gracilis subsp. parishii (Parish's Slender Meadowfoam) · L. macounii (Macoun's Meadow-Foam) · L. montana (Mountain Meadow-Foam) · L. striata (Foot-Hill Meadow-Foam) · L. sulphurea (Douglas' Meadowfoam) · L. vinculans (Sebastopol Meadowfoam)

More Info

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Further Reading

• Bauder, E. T. 1992. Ecological monitoring of Dowingia concolor ssp. brevior (Cuyamaca Lake downingia) and Limnanthes gracilis var. parishii (Parish’s slender meadowfoam), Cuyamaca Rancho State Park and Cuyamaca Valley, San Diego County, California. Unpublished report.
• Brown, C. and S. K. Jain.1977. Rare plant status report for Limnanthes gracilis Howell var. parishii. California Native Plant Society.
• Gentry, H. S. and R. W. Miller. 1965. The search for new industrial crops IV. Prospectus of Limnanthes. Economics of Botany 19:25-32.
• Mason, C. 1989. Madroño 36:51. [lists as L. gracilis subsp. parishii (Jeps.) C. T. Mason].
• Roberts, F. M. 1993. Proposed rule to list Dowingia concolor ssp. brevior (Cuyamaca Lake downingia) as endangered without critical habitat; proposed rule to list Limnanthes gracilis var. parishii (Parish’s slender meadowfoam) as threatened without critical habitat.
• Roberts, F. M. 1994. Candidate category/listing priority numbers assignment form for Limnanthes gracilis ssp. parishii.
• Skinner, M. W., B.M. Pavlik. 1994. California Native Plant Society’s Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California, Special Publication, 5th ed., California Native Plant Society.
• Sprowl, F. and R. M. Beauchamp. 1979. Botanical report of Cuyamaca meadowfoam Limnanthes gracilis var. parishii. Cleveland National Forest.
• United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 1997. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; withdrawal of proposed rule to list Parish’s meadowfoam, as threatened, and Cuyamaca Lake Downingia as endangered. Federal Register 62:5560-5567.
• Winter, K. J. 1991. Habitat management guide for the sensitive plant species Delphinium hesperium ssp. cuyamacae, Lilium parryi, Limnanthes gracilis var. parishii and Poa atropurpurea in riparian montane meadows. Cleveland National Forest.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby FA, Roskov YR, Orrell TM, Nicolson D, Paglinawan LE, Bailly N, Kirk PM, Bourgoin T, van Hertum J, eds (2008). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2008 Annual Checklist Taxonomic Classification. CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 12, 2012.
• Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program, Understanding the Plants and Animals of Western Riverside County MSHCP University of California, Berkeley and Center for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 29, 2008)

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8474183
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-196073
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13900125
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:955254-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 100515
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDLIM02052
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: LIGRP
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 47283

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