Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in English:
Border Privet, Japanese Privet
Common Names in Japanese:
Ibota-No-Ki
Description
Family Oleaceae
Trees
or erect
or scandent
shrubs
. Branches and branchlets
lenticellate
. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate or whorled
, simple
, trifoliolate
, or pinnately compound
, without stipules; venation
pinnate or palmate. Inflorescences terminal
or axillary
, in cymes, panicles, racemes
, umbels, or fascicles. Flowers actinomorphic
, bisexual
, rarely unisexual
or polygamous and plants
monoecious, dioecious, or polygamodioecious. Calyx 4(-16) -lobed or -parted, rarely absent. Corolla 4(-16) -lobed, sometimes almost free
to base
, rarely absent; lobes
sometimes united
in pairs at base or into a very short tube
. Stamens 2(-4), inserted
on corolla tube or hypogynous; anthers
dehiscing longitudinally; pollen 3-colpate or 3-colporate. Ovary superior, 2-loculed; ovules 2 in each locule, sometimes 1 or numerous
. Style 1 or absent; stigma 2-lobed or capitate. Fruit a drupe, berry, capsule, or samara. Seeds with straight embryo, with or without endosperm; radicle curved
upward or downward.
About 28 genera and over 400 species: tropical
, subtropical
, and temperate regions
of world, but mainly in Asia. China has 10 genera and 160 species (95 endemic) and is the center of diversity
for the genera Forsythia, Syringa, Osmanthus, and Ligustrum.
Many genera are important economically: Fraxinus and Forsythia (medicinal, ornamental
) ; Jasminum, Osmanthus, and Syringa (spice, ornamental) ; Olea (oil
) ; and Fraxinus (timber) .[1]
Genus Ligustrum
Shrubs
or small trees
, deciduous or evergreen
. Leaves opposite, simple
, short petiolate
; leaf blade
entire. Inflorescences terminal
panicles of cymes, rarely lateral
. Flowers bisexual
, sessile or pedicellate
. Calyx campanulate
, truncate
or 4-toothed, persistent
. Corolla white, rotate, funnelform
, or salverform
, 4-lobed; lobes
ca.
as long as or shorter than corolla tube
, valvate
in bud. Stamens 2, inserted
at mouth
of corolla tube, included
or exserted; anthers
yellow or sometimes purple, oblong
. Ovules 2 in each locule, pendulous. Style shorter than stamens; stigma 2-cleft. Fruit a berrylike drupe with membranous or papery
endocarp, rarely drupaceous
or loculicidal. Seeds 1-4; endosperm fleshy
; radicle short, upward.
About 45 species: Asia, Australia, Europe; 27 species in China. Ligustrum japonicum Thunberg and L. ovalifolium Hasskarl, native
to Japan and S Korea, are widely cultivated in China. No material
of L. matsudae Kanehira ex
Shimizu & Kao and L. seisuiense Shimizu & Kao, both described from Taiwan, has been seen.[2]
Physical Description
Species Ligustrum obtusifolium
Shrubs 0.5-3 m tall, deciduous and many branched. Branchlets minutely pilose to pubescent or puberulent . Petiole 1-2 mm, glabrous or pubescent; leaf blade oblong , oblong-lanceolate, elliptic , ovate to long obovate-elliptic, or oblanceolate , 0.8-6 X 0.4-2.5 cm, papery , scattered pilose to glabrous or sparsely pubescent, base cuneate or broadly so, apex acute or obtuse , mucronulate , sometimes slightly retuse ; primary veins 3-5(-7) on each side of midvein , often obscure or abaxially slightly raised. Panicles terminal , 1.5-4 X 1.5-3 cm, densely flowered. Pedicel absent to 2 mm, puberulent, pubescent, or glabrous. Calyx 1-2 mm, puberulent, pubescent, or glabrous. Corolla 5-10 mm; tube 1.5-2.5 X as long as lobes . Stamens reaching about middle of corolla lobes; anthers lanceolate, 2-3 mm. Fruit purple-black, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid , 5-8 X 4-6 mm. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 46*. [source]
ID Features: White fragrant flowers in spring. Black fruit. Opposite leaf arrangement. Small appressed buds. Green stems. Gray bark. Purplish fall color.
Habit: A medium-sized, multi-stemmed, semi-evergreen shrub with broad horizontal branching.
Flowers: White flowers. Foul odor. Blooms in June. Borne in narrow panicles. Somewhat showy.
Seeds: Fruit: Black fruit. Small drupe. Ripens in September. Persists.
Foliage: Summer foliage: Opposite leaf arrangement . Simple , elliptical leaves. 1" to 2" long. Entire leaf margins . Deep green leaf color. • Fall foliage: Leaves turn reddish-purple. Not showy.
Landscaping
Landscape Uses: Screen . Border . Hedge . Foundation planting . • Liabilities: Powdery mildew . Leaf spot. Aphids, leaf miners, mites and whiteflies.
Habitat
Hills
, gullies, woods
; 100-600 m.
[3].
Hardy
to zone 4.
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Culture: Transplants easily. Extremely adaptable. Full sun to partial shade. Prune after flowering.
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
. Latest taxonomic
scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Place of publication
: Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3):168. 1846
Name verified on 31-Jul-1995 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 22-Jun-1999
Similar Species
Members of the genus Ligustrum
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 304 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
L. acuminatum · L. acutissimum · L. acutissimum var. glabrum · L. album · L. amamianum · L. amamianum var. rotundifolium · L. amurense (Amur North River Privet) · L. amurensis (Amur River Privet Hedge) · L. angustifolium · L. angustum · L. argyi · L. astralianum · L. australianum · L. australlanum · L. bodinieri · L. brachystachium · L. brachystachyum · L. bracteolatum · L. caeruleum · L. californicum · L. calleryanum · L. candolleanum · L. ceylanicum · L. chenaultii · L. chinense · L. ciliatum · L. compactum · L. compactum var. velutinum · L. confusum · L. coriaceum · L. coryanum · L. cotinifolium · L. cumingianum · L. decaisnei · L. deciduum · L. decipiens · L. delavayanum (Chinese Privet) · L. delavayanum morrisonense · L. esquirolii · L. expansum · L. foliosum · L. formosanum · L. fortunei · L. gamblei · L. glabrinerve · L. glabrum · L. glomeratum · L. gracile · L. groffiae · L. gyirongense · L. henryi · L. hisauchii · L. hookeri · L. ibolium · L. ibota · L. indicum · L. insulare · L. insulense · L. ionandrum · L. italicum · L. iwaki · L. japonica (Japanese Privet) · L. japonica var. Korean Choice · L. japonicium · L. japonicum (Japanese Wax-Leaf Privet) · L. japonicum 'Aureum' · L. japonicum 'Coriaceum' · L. japonicum 'Coriaceum Aureum' · L. japonicum f. pubescens (Japanese Wax-Leaf Privet) · L. japonicum f. rotundifolium · L. japonicum Green Century = 'Melgreen' · L. japonicum 'Jack Frost' (Jack Frost Privet) · L. japonicum 'Korean Choice' (Korean Choice Privet) · L. japonicum 'Macrophyllum' · L. japonicum 'Melgreen' · L. japonicum 'Nobilis' (Noble Privet) · L. japonicum 'Recurvifolium' (Curled-Leaf Privet) · L. japonicum Thunb. 'Revolutum' · L. japonicum 'Rotundifolium' · L. japonicum 'Silver Star' · L. japonicum 'Texanum' (Waxleaf Privet) · L. japonicum 'Texanum Argenteum' · L. japonicum var. pricei · L. japonicum var. rotundifolium (Japanese Privet) · L. japonicum 'Variegatum' · L. japonicum Thunb. 'Variegatum' (Variegated Privet) · L. kellerianum · L. kellermanni · L. kellermannii · L. kiyozumianum · L. 'Korean Dwarf' · L. kumaonense · L. lanceolatum · L. lancifolium · L. latifolium · L. laurifolium · L. leucanthum · L. lianum · L. lindleyi · L. lineare
More Info
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Further Reading
- Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage. (Zander ed14)
- Hardin, J. W. 1974. Studies of the southeastern United States flora: 4. Oleaceae. Sida 5:282.
- Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. (Dict Gard)
- Inventory of seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1914-1924. ENG url p. 68.
- Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993–. Flora of Japan. (F Japan)
- Krüssmann, G. 1984. Handbuch de Laubgeholze, Engl. translat. (Krussmann)
- Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition). (F ChinaEng)
- Chang Mei-chen, Miao Bo-mao, Lu Rui-ling, & Qiu Lian-qing in: Chang Mei-chen & Qiu Lian-qing, eds. 1992. Oleaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 61: 1-222.
- Chang Mei-chen, Miao Bo-mao, Lu Rui-ling, & Qiu Lian-qing in: Chang Mei-chen & Qiu Lian-qing, eds. 1992. Oleaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 61: 1-222.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 04, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 20 providers.
- "Ligustrum obtusifolium". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 306. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 29, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 04, 2007:
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- National Science Museum of Korea, National Science Museum of Korea Plant
- Steiermärkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum - Herbarium GJO, Herbarium GJO
- US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
- inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn, inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2655509
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-32976
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13746769
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:610053-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 22087
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 32976
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 610053-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDOLE07040
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: LIOB
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 47223
Footnotes
- Mei-chen Chang, Lien-ching Chiu, Zhi Wei & Peter S. Green "Oleaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 272. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Ligustrum". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 299. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Ligustrum obtusifolium". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 306. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
