Ligustrum obtusifolium
(Border Privet, Japanese Privet)Overview:
Conservation Status
Population Analysis
- For the 835,580 species in the Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons), we average 4.30 observations each in our database; for the Japanese Privet, we have 391 observations. Compared to other species in this Class, this species is moderately common.
- A two-sample t-test can be used to determine whether the trend in observations of the Japanese Privet is the same as the trend in observations of Magnoliopsida. Is this species just as common, as a proportion of all observations, as it once was? The answer is no, changes in observation rate of this species significantly differ from changes in observation rate of its Class. (t=2.538, p<0.01)
- How do observation rates of the Japanese Privet differ from those of Magnoliopsida? To answer this, we examined the percentage of observerations for Magnoliopsida that were observations of the Japanese Privet each year. We then correlated this percentage with observation year. If observations of the Japanese Privet are becoming more common relative to other species of Magnoliopsida, the correlation should be positive, but if it is becoming less common, the correlation should be negative. In fact, the correlation is negative (r=-.44), with a negative slope (m = -.000), suggesting that the Japanese Privet may be in decline relative to other species of Magnoliopsida. This correlation is statistically significant. (F = 123.85, p<.05)
- The scatter chart to the right shows the percentage of all observations for Magnoliopsida each year that were observations of the Japanese Privet.
Taxonomy
- Kingdom: Plantae
- Plants
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
- Vascular Plants
- Class: Magnoliopsida
- Dicotyledons
- Order: Scrophulariales
- Family: Scarabaeoidea
- Order: Scrophulariales
- Class: Magnoliopsida
- Dicotyledons
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
- Vascular Plants
Notes:
Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Place of publication: Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3):168. 1846
Name verified on 31-Jul-1995 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 22-Jun-1999
Physical Description
Genus Ligustrum:
Shrubs or small trees, deciduous or evergreen. Leaves opposite, simple, short petiolate; leaf blade entire. Inflorescences terminal panicles of cymes, rarely lateral. Flowers bisexual, sessile or pedicellate. Calyx campanulate, truncate or 4-toothed, persistent. Corolla white, rotate, funnelform, or salverform, 4-lobed; lobes ca. as long as or shorter than corolla tube, valvate in bud. Stamens 2, inserted at mouth of corolla tube, included or exserted; anthers yellow or sometimes purple, oblong. Ovules 2 in each locule, pendulous. Style shorter than stamens; stigma 2-cleft. Fruit a berrylike drupe with membranous or papery endocarp, rarely drupaceous or loculicidal. Seeds 1-4; endosperm fleshy; radicle short, upward.
About 45 species: Asia, Australia, Europe; 27 species in China. Ligustrum japonicum Thunberg and L. ovalifolium Hasskarl, native to Japan and S Korea, are widely cultivated in China. No material of L. matsudae Kanehira ex Shimizu & Kao and L. seisuiense Shimizu & Kao, both described from Taiwan, has been seen.[1]
ID Features: White fragrant flowers in spring. Black fruit. Opposite leaf arrangement. Small appressed buds. Green stems. Gray bark. Purplish fall color. •
Habit: A medium-sized, multi-stemmed, semi-evergreen shrub with broad horizontal branching.
Flowers: White flowers. Foul odor. Blooms in June. Borne in narrow panicles. Somewhat showy.
Seeds: Fruit: Black fruit. Small drupe. Ripens in September. Persists.
Foliage: Summer foliage: Opposite leaf arrangement. Simple, elliptical leaves. 1" to 2" long. Entire leaf margins. Deep green leaf color. • Fall foliage: Leaves turn reddish-purple. Not showy.
Images:
Distribution
Range and Population
North America
Native: Honshu, Jiangsu, Kyushu, Liaoning, Shandong.
Landscaping
Landscape Uses: Screen. Border. Hedge. Foundation planting. • Liabilities: Powdery mildew. Leaf spot. Aphids, leaf miners, mites and whiteflies.
Habitat
Hardy to zone 4.
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Culture: Transplants easily. Extremely adaptable. Full sun to partial shade. Prune after flowering.
Similar Species
Members of the genus Ligustrum:
There are approximately 305 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: L. ibolium · L. vicaryi · L. 'Korean Dwarf' · L. 'Vicaryi' · L. acuminatum · L. acutissimum · L. acutissimum var. glabrum · L. album · L. amamianum · L. amamianum var. rotundifolium · L. amurense (Amur North River Privet) · L. amurensis (Amur River Privet Hedge) · L. angustifolium · L. angustum · L. argyi · L. astralianum · L. australianum · L. australlanum · L. bodinieri · L. brachystachium · L. brachystachyum · L. bracteolatum · L. caeruleum · L. californicum · L. calleryanum · L. candolleanum · L. ceylanicum · L. chenaultii · L. chinense · L. ciliatum · L. compactum · L. compactum var. velutinum · L. confusum · L. coriaceum · L. coryanum · L. cotinifolium · L. cumingianum · L. decaisnei · L. deciduum · L. decipiens · L. delavayanum (Chinese Privet) · L. delavayanum morrisonense · L. delavayanum subsp. morrisonense · L. esquirolii · L. expansum · L. foliosum · L. formosanum · L. fortunei · L. gamblei · L. glabrinerve · L. glabrum · L. glomeratum · L. gracile · L. groffiae · L. gyirongense · L. henryi · L. hisauchii · L. hookeri · L. ibolium · L. ibota · L. indicum · L. insulare · L. insulense · L. ionandrum · L. italicum · L. iwaki · L. japonica (Japanese Privet) · L. japonica var. Korean Choice · L. japonicium · L. japonicum (Japanese Privet) · L. japonicum 'Aureum' · L. japonicum 'Coriaceum Aureum' · L. japonicum 'Coriaceum' · L. japonicum 'Jack Frost' (Jack Frost Privet) · L. japonicum 'Korean Choice' (Korean Choice Privet) · L. japonicum 'Macrophyllum' · L. japonicum 'Melgreen' · L. japonicum 'Nobilis' (Noble Privet) · L. japonicum 'Recurvifolium' (Curled-Leaf Privet) · L. japonicum 'Silver Star' · L. japonicum 'Texanum Argenteum' · L. japonicum 'Texanum' (Waxleaf Privet) · L. japonicum f. pubescens · L. japonicum f. rotundifolium · L. japonicum Green Century = 'Melgreen' · L. japonicum Thunb. 'Revolutum' · L. japonicum Thunb. 'Variegatum' (Japanese Privet) · L. japonicum var. pricei · L. japonicum var. rotundifolium (Japanese Privet) · L. kellerianum · L. kellermanni · L. kellermannii · L. kiyozumianum · L. kumaonense · L. lanceolatum · L. lancifolium · L. latifolium · L. laurifolium · L. leucanthum · L. lianum
Bibliography
- Chang Mei-chen, Miao Bo-mao, Lu Rui-ling, & Qiu Lian-qing in: Chang Mei-chen & Qiu Lian-qing, eds. 1992. Oleaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 61: 1-222.
- Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage. (Zander ed14)
- Hardin, J. W. 1974. Studies of the southeastern United States flora: 4. Oleaceae. Sida 5:282.
- Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. (Dict Gard)
- Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993–. Flora of Japan. (F Japan)
- Krüssmann, G. 1984. Handbuch de Laubgeholze, Engl. translat. (Krussmann)
- Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition). (F ChinaEng)
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Notes
Contributors:
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 04, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 20 providers.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 29, 2008)
Data Sources:
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 04, 2007:
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- National Science Museum of Korea, National Science Museum of Korea Plant
- Steiermärkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum - Herbarium GJO, Herbarium GJO
- US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
- inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn, inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn
Identifiers:
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 32976
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13746769
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:610053-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDOLE07040
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: LIOB
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 47223
Footnotes:
- "Ligustrum". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 299. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
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