Ligularia macrophylla

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Compositae

The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Tribe Senecioneae

The Senecioneae are a tribe of closely related genera that can be recognized most readily by the nature of the pappus and the involucral bracts or phyllaries. The phyllaries are basically in one well developed, often partially or wholly connate series of equal length that closely envelope the head . Frequently there are a few, very much smaller and mostly randomly distributed, often necrotic-tipped bracts near the base of the main series. The pappus is of fine, soft, often pure white capillary hairs . Heads may be either discoid or radiate . -- Gerald Carr.

Genus Ligularia

Perennials , 15-150+ cm (glabrous or scattered-hairy, especially distally [arachno-tomentose]; roots fibrous ). Stems usually 1, erect . Leaves basal and cauline; alternate; petiolate (petiole bases dilated , ± sheathing stems) ; blades (basal and proximal largest, cauline smaller distally) palmately [palmati-pinnately] nerved, orbiculate to reniform [elliptic , lanceolate, oblanceolate , ovate ], margins dentate [denticulate , serrate, dissected ], faces glabrous or sparsely pilosulous (mostly on nerves ) [glaucous; arachno-tomentose]. Heads radiate [discoid ], in corymbiform [racemiform or spiciform ] arrays. Calyculi 0 [1-2+ bractlets ]. Involucres cylindric to campanulate , [3-]16-28 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent , [5-]8-13+ in 1-2 series, erect, distinct (margins interlocking) [connate at bases], mostly oblong or lanceolate to linear , subequal , margins usually ± scarious (tips greenish or reddish, not blackened). Receptacles flat to convex , smooth , epaleate. Ray florets [0 or 1-7] 8-14+, pistillate , fertile ; corollas (laminae prominent , showy) orange to orange-yellow or brick-red [yellow]. Disc florets [5-]12-100+, bisexual , fertile; corollas orange-yellow to orange, becoming brownish [yellow], tubes longer than cylindric throats, lobes 5, recurved, lance-linear ; style branches: stigmatic areas continuous, apices truncate or rounded-truncate. Cypselae (stramineous to brownish) ± ellipsoid [cylindric or fusiform ], 5[-10]-ribbed or -nerved, glabrous; pappi persistent (fragile), of 40-100+, reddish [sordid , brownish, purplish], barbellate to barbellulate bristles ([shorter than] longer than cypselae). x = 30.

Species 125+: introduced ; temperate Eurasia .[1]

Physical Description

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 4-6' apart.

Soil: Prefers light, rich, moist organic soil. • Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Cineraria macrophylla Ledeb. • Ligularia macrophylla< /i> (Ledeb.) Dc. • Senecillis Macrophylla

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: Data Providers: IPNI, Flora of China Checklist , Tropicos. GCC LSID: urn :lsid:compositae.org:names:54071F51-D9F7-4758-877B-44283B3727BF

Last scrutiny: 15-Aug-09

Similar Species

Members of the genus Ligularia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 26 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

L. dentata (Bigleaf Ligularia) · L. dentata 'Britt Marie Crawford' (Bigleaf Ligularia) · L. dentata 'Dark Beauty' (Bigleaf Ligularia) · L. dentata 'Desdemona' (Bigleaf Ligularia) · L. dentata 'Othello' (Bigleaf Ligularia) · L. dentata 'Sun Gold' (Bigleaf Ligularia) · L. dentata 'Woerlitzer Gold' (Bigleaf Ligularia) · L. fischeri (Ligularia) · L. hessei 'Gregynog Gold' (Big Leaf Golden Ray) · L. hessei 'Little Lantern' (Big Leaf Golden Ray) · L. hodgsonii (Ligularia) · L. macrophylla (Bigleaf Ligularia) · L. palmatiloba (Ligularia) · L. przewalskii (Ragwort) · L. sachalinensis (Spotted Leopard Plant) · L. sibirica (Siberian Ligularia) · L. stenocephala (Leopard Plant) · L. stenocephala 'Little Rocket' (Leopard Plant) · L. tangutica (Chinese Ragwort) · L. tussilaginea (Green Leopard Plant) · L. tussilaginea 'Aureo-maculata' (Gold Spotted Leopard Plant) · L. tussilaginea 'Aureomaculata' (Leopard Plant) · L. veitchiana (Veitchs Ligularia) · L. wilsoniana (Giant Grounsel) · L. x palmatiloba (Groundsel) · L. 'Little Rocket' (Little Rocket Senecio)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• Danish fungi as represented in the herbarium of E. Rostrup / revised by J. Lind. Copenhagen: Gyldendalske boghandel, 1913. url p. 286.
• Garden and forest; a journal of horticulture, landscape art and forestry. New York: The Garden and forest publishing co., 1888-97. url p. 305.
• Gardening. Chicago, the Gardening Co., 1892-1925. url p. 214.
• Hand-list of herbaceous plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens. London, Printed for H. M. Stationery Off. by Darling, 1902. url p. 671.
• Handbook of flower pollination based upon Hermann Müller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects'; tr. by J.R. Ainsworth Davis. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1906. url p. 630.
• Handbook of flower pollination: based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' / Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906-09. url .
• Hardy flowers. Descriptions of upwards of thirteen hundred of the most ornamental species, with directions for their arrangement, culture, etc.. .. By W. Robinson. London, Macmillan, 1878. url p. 91.
• Henderson's Handbook of plants and general horticulture / By Peter Henderson. New York, P. Henderson & Co., 1910. url p. 409.
• List of herbaceous perennials tested in the arboretum and botanic garden: central experimental farm, Ottawa, Canada, with descriptions of flowers, and other notes by W. T. Macoun. Ottawa: Government Printing Bureau, 1908. url p. 99.
• Text-book of botany, morphological and physiological. Oxford, Clarendon press, 1882. url p. 785.
• Text-book of botany: morphological and physiological / by Julius Sachs; edited with an appendix, by Sydney H. Vines Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1883. url p. 785.
• The English flower garden and home grounds: design and arrangement followed by a description of the plants, shrubs and trees for the open-air garden and their culture / by W. Robinson. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1921. url p. 536.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url , p. 105, p. 144, p. 179, p. 287, p. 360, p. 392, p. 56, p. 566, p. 58, p. 617.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url , p. 115, p. 116, p. 18, p. 4, p. 41, p. 44, p. 48, p. 677, p. 694, p. 75.
• The encyclopedia of gardening. A dictionary of cultivated plants, etc., giving in alphabetical sequence the culture and propagation of hardy and half-hardy plants, trees and shrubs, orchids, ferns, fruit, vegetables, hothouse and g London, W. H. & L. Collingridge[1908] url .
• The garden... London, 1872- url p. 648.
• The illustrated dictionary of gardening, a practical and scientific encyclopedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists. Ed. by George Nicholson. Assisted by Professor J. W. H. Trail and J. Garrett. London: L. U. Gill, [1884]-89. url p. 263.
• The natural history of the USSR / Algirdas Knystautas; foreword by Vladimir Flint; [translation, John S. Scott]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987. url p. 141.
• The subtropical garden, or, Beauty of form in the flower garden / by W. Robinson London: J. Murray, 1879 url p. 152, p. 226.
• The subtropical garden: or, Beauty of form in the flower garden / by W. Robinson. London: J. Murray, 1891. url p. 152, p. 226.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 12, 2012.

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5842304
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-15163
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:230793-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 749929

Footnotes

1. Theodore M. Barkley "Ligularia". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 540, 542, 613. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.