Liatris squarrosa (Button Snakeroot)

Overview

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Interesting Facts

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Blazing Stars are fascinating Composites . These plants are "upside-down bloomers," they bloom from the top of the stalk down , rather than vice versa. Butterflies and some day-flying moths really like these flowers.

Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Button Snakeroot, Colic Root, Colicroot, Loosescale Gayfeather, Rattlesnake Master, Scaly Blazing Star, Scaly Gay-Feather, Scaly Gayfeather

Description

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Family Compositae

The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Genus Liatris

Perennials , 20-180 cm (corms globose to depressed-ovoid or napiform , sometimes elongated, becoming rhizomes, roots all or mostly adventitious). Stems erect , simple or basally branched. Leaves basal and cauline; alternate; ± petiolate (basal) or sessile (usually appressed to ascending ) ; blades usually 1-nerved, sometimes 3- or 5-nerved, mostly linear to ovate-lanceolate, margins entire, faces often gland-dotted (stipitate-glandular in L. glandulosa). Heads discoid , in corymbiform , cymiform, racemiform , or spiciform arrays. Involucres mostly campanulate to hemispheric or turbinate-cylindric, (2.5-) 3-22(-25) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent or tardily falling, 18-40 in (2-) 3-7 series, not notably nerved, ovate to elliptic or lanceolate, usually unequal (herbaceous to petaloid , margins often hyaline , often ciliate or irregularly toothed , apices often pink-white). Receptacles flat, epaleate. Florets 3-85; corollas usually lavender to dark magenta or pinkish purple, sometimes white, throats funnelform (lengths 4-6 times diams., externally glanduliferous , glabrous inside or pilose inside near filament insertions , hairs whitish, crisped ) ; styles: bases not enlarged, glabrous, branches linear-clavate (papillate ). Cypselae prismatic , 8-11-ribbed, usually hirsutulous to hirtellous-pilose (glabrous in L. oligocephala), usually gland-dotted; pappi persistent, of 12-40 coarsely barbellate to plumose bristles in 1-2 series. x = 10.

Species 37: North America, Mexico, West Indies (Bahamas).

The globose perennating structures of Liatris have been described as corms and cormoid rootstocks , the elongate ones as rhizomes and penetrating rootstocks. They are here regarded as corms and rhizomes, rather than roots with adventitious buds. New stems may be produced from various lateral points (nodes) of the corms. Some taxa show various stages of transition between globose structures and elongate structures that function like horizontal rhizomes. All other Liatrinae (except perhaps the shrubby Garberia) apparently produce rhizomes with fibrous roots , rather than a taproot .[1]

Physical Description

Species Liatris squarrosa

Plants 30-80 cm. Corms globose to slightly elongate . Stems glabrous or puberulent-villous. Leaves: basal and proximal cauline 3-5-nerved, broadly linear to linear-oblanceolate, 70-220 × 2-12 mm (largest usually distal to proximalmost), gradually reduced distally, puberulent-villous or glabrous, weakly gland-dotted. Heads borne singly or (3-26) in loose , racemiform to spiciform arrays. Peduncles 0 or (spreading to ascending ) 1-8(-20+) mm. Involucres cylindro-campanulate, 12-20(-25) × 7-10 mm. Phyllaries (usually erect , sometimes spreading-reflexing on the distal 1/3) in 5-7 series, narrowly ovate-triangular and foliaceous (outer) to ovate or oblong-triangular, ± equal, glabrous or pubescent , margins without hyaline borders , stiffly to softly ciliate , apices acuminate to acute. Florets (10-) 23-45(-60) ; corolla tubes glabrous inside (lobes adaxially hispid ). Cypselae 4-5.5 mm; pappi: lengths ± equaling corollas, bristles plumose . [source]

Habit: Forb/herb

Flowers: Bloom Period: July, August, September. • Flower Color: lavender, violet

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 6-12" tall.

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,253 meters (0 to 4,111 feet).[2]

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 12-15" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Brongniart, 1843
        Subclass: Asteridae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Campanulanae () - Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
        Order: Asterales () - Lindley, 1833
        Family: Compositae () - Giseke, 1792, nom. cons., nom. alt.
        Subfamily: Asteroideae ()
        Tribe: Eupatorieae ()
        Subtribe: Liatrinae ()
        Genus: Liatris () - J. Gaertner ex Schreber, 1791, nom. cons. - Gayfeather, blazing star [Derivation unknown]
        Specific epithet: squarrosa - (L.) Michx.
        Botanical name: - Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx.

Synonyms

Lacinaria squarrosa (Linnaeus) Hill • Serratula squarrosa Linnaeus

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: Data Providers: IPNI, Tropicos. GCC LSID: urn :lsid:compositae.org:names:45B96E47-D14A-409E-B901-21E3C96E7486

Last scrutiny: 18-Aug-09

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Liatris

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 105 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

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The desert world. From the French of Arthur Mangin. Edited and enlarged by the translator of "The bird, by Michelet." With 160 illustrations by W. Freeman, Foulquier, and Yan Dargent. London, T. Nelson, 1869. url p. 261.
The flora of Tennessee and a philosophy of botany: respectfully dedicated to the citizens of Tennessee / by Augustin Gattinger. Nashville: Press of Gospel Advocate Pub. Co., 1901. url p. 163, p. 24.
The garden month by month; describing the appearance, color, dates of bloom, height and cultivation of all desirable, hardy herbaceous perennials for the formal or wild garden with additional lists of aquatics, vines, ferns, et by Mabel Cabot Sedgwick assisted by Robert Cameron with over two hundred half-tone engravings from photographs of growing plants, and a chart in colors. New York, F.A. Stokes Co., [1907] url .
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Gaiser, L. O. 1950c. Chromosome studies in Liatris. III. Punctatae. Amer. J. Bot. 37: 763-777.
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Notes

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Contributors

Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.
GCC: Global Compositae Checklist. Release date: November 18, 2009
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 22, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 8 providers.
"Liatris squarrosa". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 512, 513, 517, 518, 535. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Light, Kris. East Tennessee Wildflowers
Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 29, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 22, 2007:

Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2658928
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-8132
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13790290
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:230637-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 70401
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 37945
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAST5X0U0
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: LIGLA LISQ
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 45803

Footnotes

Guy L. Nesom "Liatris". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 51, 460, 512, 513, 534, 539. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Mean = 246.850 meters (809.875 feet), Standard Deviation = 217.820 based on 579 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

Liatris squarrosa

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Compositae

Genus Liatris

Physical Description

Species Liatris squarrosa

Size/Age/Growth

Habitat

Biology

Reproduction

Growth

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Liatris

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes