Leptochloa fusca

Taxonomy

Notes:

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication: Révis. gramin. 1:91. 1829

Name verified on 16-Oct-2001 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 07-May-2007

Physical Description

Family Poaceae:

Annual or perennial herbs, or tall woody bamboos. Flowering stems (culms) jointed, internodes hollow or solid; branches arising singly from nodes and subtended by a leaf sheath and 2-keeled prophyll, often fascicled in bamboos. Leaves arranged alternately in 2 ranks, differentiated into sheath, blade, and an adaxial erect appendage at sheath/blade junction (ligule) ; leaf sheath surrounding and supporting culm-internode, split to base or infrequently tubular with partially or completely fused margins, modified with reduced blade in bamboos (culm sheaths) ; leaf blades divergent, usually long, narrow and flat, but varying from inrolled and filiform to ovate, veins parallel, sometimes with cross-connecting veinlets (especially in bamboos) ; ligule membranous or a line of hairs. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, an open, contracted, or spikelike panicle, or composed of lax to spikelike racemes arranged along an elongate central axis, or digitate, paired, or occasionally solitary; axillary inflorescences often many, subtended by spatheoles (specialized bladeless leaf sheaths) and gathered into a leafy compound panicle; spikelets often aggregated into complex clusters in bamboos. Spikelets composed of distichous bracts arranged along a slender axis (rachilla) ; typically 2 lowest bracts (glumes) empty, subtending 1 to many florets; glumes often poorly differentiated from accompanying bracts in bamboos. Florets composed of 2 opposing bracts enclosing a single small flower, outer bract (lemma) clasping the more delicate, usually 2-keeled inner bract (palea) ; base of floret often with thickened prolongation articulated with rachilla (callus) ; lemma often with apical or dorsal bristle (awn), glumes also sometimes awned. Flowers bisexual or unisexual; lodicules (small scales representing perianth) 2, rarely 3 or absent, 3 to many in bamboos, hyaline or fleshy; stamens 3 rarely 1, 2, 6, or more in some bamboos, hypogynous, filaments capillary, anthers versatile; ovary 1-celled, styles (1 or) 2(rarely 3), free or united at base, topped by feathery stigmas, exserted from sides or apex of floret. Fruit normally a dry indehiscent caryopsis with thin pericarp firmly adherent to seed, pericarp rarely free, fleshy in some bamboos; embryo small or large; hilum punctate to linear.

About 700 genera and 11,000 species: widely distributed in all regions of the world.^[1]

Flowers: Flower Color: inconspicuous, none

Images:

Distribution

Range and Population

Caribbean

Native: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Baja Sur, California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colorado, Connecticut, Durango, Florida, Georgia, Hidalgo, Illinois, Iowa, Jalisco, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Morelos, Nayarit, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Northern Territory, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Queensland, Rhode Island, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, South Australia, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, Washington, Western Australia, Wisconsin.

Similar Species

Members of the genus Leptochloa:

There are approximately 151 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: L. albemarlensis · L. albermarlensis · L. anoplia · L. appletonii · L. aquatica · L. arabica · L. arenaria · L. asthenes · L. barbata · L. biflora · L. bipinnata · L. brandegei · L. brownii · L. burchellii · L. caerulescens · L. calycina · L. capillacea · L. carinata · L. caudata · L. chinensis (Asian Sprangletop) · L. chloridiformis (Argentine Sprangle-Top) · L. ciliata · L. ciliolata · L. coerulescens · L. contracta · L. coreulenscens · L. coromandelina · L. cynosuroides · L. debilis · L. decipiens (Australian Sprangletop) · L. decipiens asthenes · L. decipiens decipiens · L. decipiens peacockii (Peacock Sprangletop) · L. digitaria · L. digitata (Finger Sprangletop) · L. digitatiformis · L. divaricatissima (Spreading Sprangletop) · L. dominguensis · L. dubia (Green Spangletop) · L. dubia var. humboldtiana · L. dubia var. pringleana · L. eleusine · L. eragrostoides · L. falcata · L. fascicularis var. fascicularis · L. filiformis var. humilior · L. filiformis var. remota · L. filliformis · L. fusca (Bearded Sprangletop) · L. fusca fascicularis (Bearded Sprangletop) · L. fusca fusca · L. fusca muelleri · L. fusca uninerva · L. fusca uninervia (Mexican Sprangletop) · L. fusca var. fascicularis · L. gigantea · L. ginae · L. gracilis · L. grandiglumis · L. halei · L. hirta · L. hookeri · L. humilis · L. imbricata · L. langloisii · L. latifolia · L. laurentii · L. laxa · L. liebmanni · L. liebmannii · L. ligulata · L. lindleyana · L. loliiformis · L. longa · L. longiglumis · L. malabarica · L. malayana · L. marlothii · L. marquisensis · L. mexicana · L. mollis · L. monostachya · L. monticola · L. mucronata var. pulchella · L. muelleri · L. muricata · L. mutica · L. nealleyi (Nealley's Sprangle-Top) · L. neesii · L. neuroglossa · L. obtusiflora · L. obtusifolia · L. palmeri · L. panicea (Mucronate Sprangletop) · L. panicea brachiata (Mucronate Sprangeltop) · L. panicea mucronata (Mucronate Sprangletop) · L. panicea panicea · L. panicoides (Amazon Sprangletop) · L. paniculata · L. patens

Bibliography

• Bor, N. L. 1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan. (Grass BCIP) [= Diplachne fusca (L.) P. Beauv.].
• Brummitt, R. K. 1999. Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 49. Taxon 49:266. [proposal recommended].
• Chen Shouliang, Jin Yuexing, Zhuang Tide, Fang Wenzhe, Sheng Guoying, Liu Liang, Wu Zhenlan, Lu Shenglian, Sun Bisin, Hu Zhihao, Wang Song, Sun Xiangzhong, Wang Huiqin, Yang Xilin, Wang Chaopin, Li Binggui & Wen Shaobin. 1990. Gramineae (Poaceae) (4). In: Chen Shouliang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 10(1):1401
• Chen Shouliang, Zhuang Tide, Fang Wenzhe, Sheng Guoying, Jin Yuexing, Liu Liang, Sun Bisin, Hu Zhihao & Wang Song. 1997. Gramineae (Poaceae) (5). In: Chen Shouliang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 10(2): 1301
• Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960–. Flora zambesiaca. (F Zamb)
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America. (F NAmer)
• Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1990–. Flora of Ethiopia. (F Ethiop)
• Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. (Econ Pl Aust) [= Diplachne fusca (L.) P. Beauv.].
• Liu Liang, Zhu Taiping, Chen Wenli, Wu Zhenlan & Lu Shenglian. Gramineae (Poaceae) (2). In: Liu Liang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 1405
• Lu Sheng-lian, Sun Yong-hua, Liu Shang-wu, Yang Yong-chang, Wu Zhen-lan, Kuo Pen-chao, Yang Hsi-ling, Wang Chao-pin & Tsui Nai-ran. 1987. Gramineae (3). In: Kuo Pen-chao, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(3): 1329
• Nowack, R. 1994. Revision of Leptochloa Beauv. (incl. Diplachne Beauv.) (Poaceae) in Malesia. Rheedea 4:84. [= L. malabarica (L.) Veldkamp].
• Snow, N. & G. Davidse. 1998. (1330) Proposal to reject the name Poa malabarica (Gramineae). Taxon 47:157–159. [rejection proposal, if approved, would restore this name as the correct one for this taxon].
• Snow, N. 1998. Nomenclatural changes in Leptochloa P. Beauv. sensu lato (Poaceae, Chloridoideae). Novon 8:78. [accepts].
• Thulin, M., ed. 1993–. Flora of Somalia. (F Somalia)
• Wang Zhengping, Ye Guanghan, Yang Yaling, Yu Zehua, Hu Chenhua, Geng Bojie, Feng Xuelin, Jia Liangzhi, Xia Nianhe, Li Dezhu, Zhang Weiping, Xue Jiru, Zhu Zhengde, Zhao Qiseng, Chen Shouliang, Sheng Guoying, Chen Shaoyun, Yao Changyu, Lu Jionglin, Sun Jiliang, Lin Wantao, Yi Tongpei, Zhao Huiru, Wen Taihui & Dai Qihui. 1996. Gramineae (Poaceae) (1).

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Notes

Contributors:

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 11, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 3 providers.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 29, 2008)

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 10, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, Plants of Papua New Guinea
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM, MEXU/Plantas Vasculares
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• Utah Valley State College
• , Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers:

• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13734775
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:61637-3
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA3M0F0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: LEFU21
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 46646

Footnotes:

1. Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng-ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Yang Guangyao, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova & Klaus Ammann "Poaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 22. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.