Leptochloa dubia

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

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Description

Family Poaceae

Annual or perennial herbs, or tall woody bamboos . Flowering stems (culms ) jointed , internodes hollow or solid; branches arising singly from nodes and subtended by a leaf sheath and 2-keeled prophyll, often fascicled in bamboos. Leaves arranged alternately in 2 ranks , differentiated into sheath, blade , and an adaxial erect appendage at sheath/blade junction (ligule) ; leaf sheath surrounding and supporting culm-internode, split to base or infrequently tubular with partially or completely fused margins , modified with reduced blade in bamboos (culm sheaths) ; leaf blades divergent, usually long, narrow and flat, but varying from inrolled and filiform to ovate , veins parallel, sometimes with cross-connecting veinlets (especially in bamboos) ; ligule membranous or a line of hairs . Inflorescence terminal or axillary , an open, contracted , or spikelike panicle, or composed of lax to spikelike racemes arranged along an elongate central axis, or digitate, paired , or occasionally solitary; axillary inflorescences often many, subtended by spatheoles (specialized bladeless leaf sheaths) and gathered into a leafy compound panicle; spikelets often aggregated into complex clusters in bamboos. Spikelets composed of distichous bracts arranged along a slender axis (rachilla) ; typically 2 lowest bracts (glumes ) empty, subtending 1 to many florets ; glumes often poorly differentiated from accompanying bracts in bamboos. Florets composed of 2 opposing bracts enclosing a single small flower, outer bract (lemma) clasping the more delicate, usually 2-keeled inner bract (palea) ; base of floret often with thickened prolongation articulated with rachilla (callus) ; lemma often with apical or dorsal bristle (awn ), glumes also sometimes awned . Flowers bisexual or unisexual ; lodicules (small scales representing perianth) 2, rarely 3 or absent, 3 to many in bamboos, hyaline or fleshy ; stamens 3 rarely 1, 2, 6, or more in some bamboos, hypogynous, filaments capillary , anthers versatile; ovary 1-celled, styles (1 or) 2(rarely 3), free or united at base, topped by feathery stigmas, exserted from sides or apex of floret. Fruit normally a dry indehiscent caryopsis with thin pericarp firmly adherent to seed, pericarp rarely free, fleshy in some bamboos; embryo small or large; hilum punctate to linear .

About 700 genera and 11,000 species: widely distributed in all regions of the world.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,840 meters (0 to 15,879 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial • Coppice Potential: No • Progagated by Bulbs: No • Propagated by Bare Root: No • Propagated by Container: No • Propagated by Corms: No • Propagated by Cuttings: No • Propagated by Seed: Yes • Propagated by Sod: No • Propagated by Sprigs: No • Propagated by Tubers: No • Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Spring • Fruit/Seed Period End: Summer • Fruit/Seed Persistence: Yes

Growth

Culture: Space 9-12" apart.

Soil: Adapted to Medium Textured: Adapted to Medium Textured Soils • Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: Yes • Anaerobic Tolerance: Low • Salinity Tolerance: Low • CaCO3 Tolerance: High • Minimum pH: 6.0 • Maximum pH: 8.0 • Fertility Requirement: Medium

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun . • Shade Tolerance: Intolerant

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High • Minimum Precipitation: 12 • Maximum Precipitation: 24 • Moisture Use: Medium

Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): -13 • Minimum Frost Free Days: 210 • Cold Hardiness: 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Chloris dubia Kunth
2. Diplachne dubia (Kunth) Scribn.
3. Leptostachys dubia (Kunth) G. Mey.
4. Rabdochloa dubia (Kunth) Kuntze Ex Stuck.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Syll. Pl. Nov. 1:4. 1824

Name verified on 06-Jan-1997 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 03-Jan-2008

Similar Species

Members of the genus Leptochloa

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 136 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

L. acuminata · L. albemarlensis · L. anoplia · L. appletonii · L. aquatica · L. arabica · L. arenaria · L. asthenes · L. attenuata · L. barbata · L. bipinnata · L. brachiata · L. brandegei · L. brownii · L. burchellii · L. caerulescens · L. calycina · L. capillacea · L. carinata · L. caudata · L. chinensis (Chinese Sprangletop) · L. chloridiformis (Argentine Sprangle-Top) · L. ciliata · L. ciliolata · L. coerulescens · L. contracta · L. cynosuroides · L. debilis · L. decipiens (Australian Sprangletop) · L. decipiens peacockii (Peacock Sprangletop) · L. digitaria · L. digitata (Finger Sprangletop) · L. digitatiformis · L. divaricatissima (Spreading Sprangletop) · L. domingensis · L. dominguensis · L. dubia (Green Sprangletop) · L. dubia dubia · L. dubia var. humboldtiana · L. dubia var. pringleana · L. eleusine · L. eragrostoides · L. falcata · L. fascicularis · L. fascicularis var. fascicularis (Bearded Sprangletop) · L. filiformis · L. filiformis var. humilior · L. filliformis · L. floribunda · L. fusca (Bearded Sprangletop) · L. fusca fascicularis (Bearded Sprangletop) · L. fusca fusca · L. fusca uninervia (Mexican Sprangletop) · L. fusca var. fascicularis · L. gigantea · L. ginae · L. gracilis · L. grandiglumis · L. halei · L. hirta · L. hookeri · L. humilis · L. imbricata · L. langloisii · L. latifolia · L. laurentii · L. liebmanni · L. liebmannii · L. ligulata · L. lindleyana · L. loliiformis · L. longa · L. longiglumis · L. malabarica · L. malayana · L. marquisensis · L. mexicana · L. mollis · L. monostachya · L. monticola · L. mucronata · L. mucronata var. mucronata · L. mucronata var. pulchella · L. muelleri · L. muricata · L. mutica · L. nealleyi (Nealley's Sprangle-Top) · L. neesii · L. neuroglossa · L. obtusiflora · L. obtusifolia · L. palmeri · L. panicea (Mucronate Sprangletop) · L. panicea brachiata (Mucronate Sprangeltop) · L. panicea mucronata (Mississippi Sprangletop) · L. panicea panicea · L. panicoides (Amazon Sprangletop) · L. paniculata · L. patens · L. peacockii (Peacock Sprangletop)

More Info

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Further Reading

• Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. (Grass VarUSA)
• Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires: Impr. de Juan A. Alsina, 1895-1911. SPA url p. 128.
• Beetle, A. A. 1977. Noteworthy grasses from Mexico V. Phytologia 37:361.
• Bio-ecology, by Frederic E. Clements and Victor E. Shelford New York, J. Wiley & Sons, inc.;1939. ENG url p. 282, p. 412.
• Botanisches Zentralblatt; referierendes Organ für das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 279, p. 300.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- ENG url p. 323, p. 382.
• Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana. (F Mesoamer)
• Englert, J. M. et al. 1999–. USDA-NRCS Improved conservation plant materials released by NRCS and cooperators. (NRCS Cons Pl Mat)
• Experiment station record. Washington: G.P.O., 1889-1946. ENG url p. 1165, p. 871.
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America. (F NAmer)
• Flora of New Mexico / by E.O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. Washington: G.P.O., 1915. ENG url p. 83.
• Harling, G. & B. Sparre, eds. 1973–. Flora of Ecuador. (F Ecuador)
• Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2. (Grass US)
• How to know the grasses; pictured-keys for determining the common and important American grasses, with suggestions and aids for their study. Dubuque, Iowa, W. C. Brown Co.[1954] ENG url p. 133.
• Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 24 1943 Cambridge, Mass.: Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University [etc.], 1919- ENG url p. 403, p. 510.
• Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 66, p. 776, p. 778.
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. (Food Feed Crops US)
• McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. (F GPlains) [mentions].
• McVaugh, R. 1983–. Flora Novo-Galiciana. (F NGalicia)
• Mejía-Saulés, M. T. & P. Dávila A. 1992. Gramíneas Útiles de México. Cuad. Inst. Biol. 16. (Grass Util Mex)
• Memoirs of the San Diego Society of Natural History. San Diego, Calif.: The Society, 1931- ENG url p. 64.
• Tovar, Ó. 1993. Las Gramíneas (Poaceae) del Perú. Ruizia 13:273.
• Chen Shouliang, Jin Yuexing, Zhuang Tide, Fang Wenzhe, Sheng Guoying, Liu Liang, Wu Zhenlan, Lu Shenglian, Sun Bisin, Hu Zhihao, Wang Song, Sun Xiangzhong, Wang Huiqin, Yang Xilin, Wang Chaopin, Li Binggui & Wen Shaobin. 1990. Gramineae (Poaceae) (4). In: Chen Shouliang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 10(1):1401
• Chen Shouliang, Zhuang Tide, Fang Wenzhe, Sheng Guoying, Jin Yuexing, Liu Liang, Sun Bisin, Hu Zhihao & Wang Song. 1997. Gramineae (Poaceae) (5). In: Chen Shouliang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 10(2): 1301
• Liu Liang, Zhu Taiping, Chen Wenli, Wu Zhenlan & Lu Shenglian. Gramineae (Poaceae) (2). In: Liu Liang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 1405
• Lu Sheng-lian, Sun Yong-hua, Liu Shang-wu, Yang Yong-chang, Wu Zhen-lan, Kuo Pen-chao, Yang Hsi-ling, Wang Chao-pin & Tsui Nai-ran. 1987. Gramineae (3). In: Kuo Pen-chao, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(3): 1329
• Wang Zhengping, Ye Guanghan, Yang Yaling, Yu Zehua, Hu Chenhua, Geng Bojie, Feng Xuelin, Jia Liangzhi, Xia Nianhe, Li Dezhu, Zhang Weiping, Xue Jiru, Zhu Zhengde, Zhao Qiseng, Chen Shouliang, Sheng Guoying, Chen Shaoyun, Yao Changyu, Lu Jionglin, Sun Jiliang, Lin Wantao, Yi Tongpei, Zhao Huiru, Wen Taihui & Dai Qihui. 1996. Gramineae (Poaceae) (1).

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed June 22, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 29, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 21, 2007:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2661760
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-41822
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13754209
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:407089-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 21781
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 41822
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA3M0C0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: LEDU
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 46643

Footnotes

1. Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng-ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Yang Guangyao, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova & Klaus Ammann "Poaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 22. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 1,057.590 meters (3,469.783 feet), Standard Deviation = 893.290 based on 384 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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