Interesting Facts
Description
Family Compositae
The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.
Tribe Lactuceae
The Lactuceae are a tribe of closely related genera of the sunflower family that are easily recognized because the flowering heads are composed of wholly of ligulate florets that are usually 5-lobed. Another very distinguishing feature is the milky sap . Although not apparent without magnification, the pollen is distinctive in that the spines are more or less restricted to discrete ridges or flanges on the surface of the grain. In other members of the family the spines are distributed more or less evenly over the surface of the pollen grain . The pappus usually consists of scales or stiff hairs . -- Gerald D. Carr.
Genus Leontodon
Annuals
or perennials
, 10-80 cm; fibrous-rooted, sometimes tuberous
, or with short caudices. Stems 1-20+, simple
and scapiform
or sparingly branched, glabrous
, tomentulose
, or coarsely hirsute
. Leaves basal; petiolate
(petioles
winged
). blades
oblanceolate
, margins
entire or dentate
or deeply lobed
(faces
glabrous or hispid
, hairs
simple or minutely 2-3-fid). Heads borne singly or 2-5 in loose
, corymbiform
arrays. Peduncles slightly inflated
, naked or minutely bracteate
. Calyculi of 10-20, subulate
to lanceolate bractlets
in 1-2 series (unequal), glabrous, tomentulose, or hirsute. Involucres campanulate
, 4-15 mm diam. Phyllaries 16-20 in 2+ series, narrowly lanceolate, subequal
, glabrous, tomentulose, or hirsute. Receptacles convex
, pitted
, sometimes slightly villous
, epaleate. Florets 20-30; corollas yellow to orange (outer sometimes with reddish or greenish stripes
). Cypselae light to dark brown or reddish brown. fusiform
or cylindric
, curved
, distally narrowed and not beaked
, or beaked, ribs
10-14, faces muricate
, glabrous; pappi of ± distinct
, yellowish white, tan, or pale
brown bristles
in 1-2 series (all uniformly plumose
or outer reduced; pappi of outer cypselae sometimes reduced to crowns of bristlelike scales
). x = 4, 6, 7.
Species ca.
50: introduced
; Europe, n North Africa, Mediterranean, w Asia.
Leontodon is recognized by the basal rosettes of pinnatifid
leaves, scapiform stems, loosely imbricate phyllaries, yellow corollas, and plumose pappus bristles. Some species are somewhat doubtfully distinguished by an overlapping mixture of vestiture
and pappus characters.[1]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Campanulanae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Asterales
(
)
- Lindley, 1833
- Family:
Compositae
(
)
- Giseke, 1792, nom. cons., nom. alt.
- Subfamily:
Cichorioideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Lactuceae
(
)
- Subtribe:
Hypochaeridinae
(
)
- Genus:
Leontodon
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1753
- Hawkbit [Greek leon, lion, and odons, tooth, alluding to deeply toothed leaves]
- Specific epithet:
biscutellifolius
- DC.
- Botanical name: - Leontodon biscutellifolius DC.
- Specific epithet:
biscutellifolius
- DC.
- Genus:
Leontodon
(
- Subtribe:
Hypochaeridinae
(
- Tribe:
Lactuceae
(
- Subfamily:
Cichorioideae
(
- Family:
Compositae
(
- Order:
Asterales
(
- Superorder:
Campanulanae
(
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Similar Species
Members of the genus Leontodon
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 11 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
L. autumnalis (Autumn Hawkbit) · L. autumnalis pratensis (Fall Dandelion) · L. hipidus (Bristly Hawkbit) · L. hirtus (Rough Hawkbit) · L. hispidus (Bristly Hawkbit) · L. hispidus danubialis (Bristly Hawkbit) · L. hispidus hispidus (Bristly Hawkbit) · L. pratensis (Fall Dandelion) · L. taraxacoides (Hairy Hawkbit) · L. taraxacoides longirostris (Lesser Hawkbit) · L. taraxacoides taraxacoides (Lesser Hawkbit)
More Info
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Further Reading
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 06, 2007:
- University of Vienna, Institute for Botany - Herbarium WU, Herbarium WU
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 9184059
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 16570934
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 2088244
Footnotes
- David J. Bogler "Leontodon". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 215, 217, 240, 294, 298. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
