Lachnanthes caroliana

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Threatened

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Haemodoraceae

Herbs, perennial or rarely annual , rhizomatous , often stoloniferous ; sap often red or orange. Stems simple . Leaves mostly basal, distichous, irislike; blade linear , sheathing proximally, folded lengthwise distally, folded portions becoming fused. Inflorescences terminal , cymose or corymbose , many-branched, many-flowered, loose or condensed. Flowers: tepals persistent , 6 in 2 whorls of 3, distinct above level of insertion on ovary, ± equal, aestivation valvate ; stamens 3 or 6; filaments elongate ; anthers basifixed , 2-locular, often basally sagittate , dehiscence introrse by longitudinal slits; pistil 1, compound , 3-carpellate; ovary inferior or half-inferior to nearly superior, 3-locular with axile placentae, or 1-locular distally with parietal placentae and 3-locular proximally with axile placentae; ovules 1, 3-6, or numerous in each locule, arranged in vertical rows or around margin of peltate placenta, orthotropous or anatropous ; style 1, undivided, elongate; stigma 1, terminal, very small. Fruits capsular , dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds discoid and peltate, or elongate and variously curved ; endosperm present.

Genera ca. 14, species ca. 80 (2 genera, 2 species in the flora ) : e North America, Mexico, Central America, n South America, s Africa, New Guinea, Australia.

The two genera of Haemodoraceae found in North America are very different from each other. Lachnanthes belongs to tribe Haemodoreae and is morphologically similar to Dilatris P. J. Bergius of South Africa and Haemodorum Smith of Oceania. The relationships of Lophiola are more obscure and are discussed more fully in the references cited below and under that genus.[1]

Genus Lachnanthes

Rhizomes reddish, roots fibrous . Stems erect ; sap red. Leaves mostly basal, some cauline, reduced; blade linear-ensiform. Inflorescences: bracts conspicuous , subtending each flower. Flowers: tepals glabrous adaxially; stamens 3, longer than tepals; ovary inferior, 3-locular; ovules ca. 6 per locule, arranged around margin of peltate, stipitate , axile placenta. Capsules 3-lobed. Seeds discoid , peltate, few per locule.

Species 1: North America, West Indies.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 678 meters (0 to 2,224 feet).[3]

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 24-36" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Gyrotheca tinctoria (J. F. Gmel.) Salisb. • Lachnanthes tinctoria (J. F. Gmel.) Ell.

Notes

Publishing author : Dandy Publication : J. Bot. 70: 329 1932

Basionym author: (Lam.)

Similar Species

Members of the genus Lachnanthes

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 2 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

L. caroliana (Carolina Redroot) · L. caroliniana (Bloodroot Lachnanthes Caroliniana)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• Geerinck, D. 1969. Genera des Haemodoraceae et des Hypoxidaceae. Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 39: 47-82.
• Hopper, S. D., M. F. Fay, M. Rossetto, and M. W. Chase. 1999. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the bloodroot and kangaroo paw family, Haemodoraceae: Taxonomic, biogeographic and conservation implications. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 131: 285-299.
• Maas, P. J. M. and H. Maas. 1993. Haemodoraceae. In: Organization for Flora Neotropica. 1968+. Flora Neotropica. 75+ nos. New York. No. 61.
• Robertson, K. R. 1976. The genera of Haemodoraceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 57: 205-216.
• Simpson, M. G. 1990. Phylogeny and classification of the Haemodoraceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 722-784.
• Simpson, M. G. 1993. Septal nectary anatomy and phylogeny of the Haemodoraceae. Syst. Bot. 18: 593-613.
• Zomlefer, W. B. 1999. Advances in angiosperm systematics: Examples from the Liliales and Asparagales. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 126: 58-62.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 21, 2007:

• Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2662875
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-43329
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13754960
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:429748-1
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 43329
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 429748-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMHAE01010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: LATI3
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 41615

Footnotes

1. Kenneth R. Robertson "Haemodoraceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 16, 22, 23, 47, 48, 49, 51, 67. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Lachnanthes". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 47, 48. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 34.280 meters (112.467 feet), Standard Deviation = 79.250 based on 181 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.