Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
June Grass Koeleria Macrantha, Crested Hair Grass, June Grass, Junegrass, Prairie June Grass, Prairie Junegrass
Description
Genus Koeleria
Perennials
, tufted
, sometimes shortly rhizomatous
. Culms
unbranched. Leaf sheaths
of tillering
leaves usually closed
; leaf blades mainly basal, narrow, flat, or inrolled
and filiform
to setaceous
; ligule membranous. Inflorescence a dense spikelike panicle, shining; branches short, erect
, hispidulous
to woolly
. Spikelets
with 2 to several florets
; rachilla puberulous
or glabrous
, disarticulating
below each floret; glumes
narrow, unequal or subequal
, equaling or shorter than florets, strongly keeled
, thinly herbaceous, 1-3(-5) -veined, margins
broad, hyaline
, shining; floret callus small, glabrous or very shortly hairy
; lemmas membranous or papery
, strongly compressed
, sharply keeled, 3-5-veined, margins hyaline, shining, apex obtuse
to acuminate, awnless or with a subapical
mucro
; palea subequaling lemma, hyaline, gaping
free
from lemma margins. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous. Endosperm sometimes liquid.
About 35 species:temperate regions throughout the world, also on tropical
mountains; four species in China.
This is a genus of narrowly defined, closely related species. They provide good forage
in mountain steppe
.[1]
Physical Description
Species Koeleria macrantha
Perennial
, densely tufted
; old basal sheaths
papery
, persistent
around
each culm
base
. Culms stiffly erect
, 5-60 cm tall, woolly
especially
below panicle, 2-3-noded. Leaf sheaths glabrous
or pubescent
; leaf
blades
grayish green, usually rolled, sometimes flat, up to 30 cm,
1-2 mm wide, pubescent or adaxial
surface glabrous; ligule 0.2-2
mm.
Panicle linear-oblong in outline, 1.5-13 cm, lower part often
interrupted
and lobed
, silvery green or tinged purple; axis and branches
woolly. Spikelets
3-7 mm, florets
2-3(-4) ; rachilla hairs
less than
0.4 mm or glabrous; glumes
slightly unequal, punctate-scaberulous,
keel scabrid
, lower glume narrowly lanceolate, 1.5-4 mm, upper glume
elliptic-oblong, 2.5-5.5 mm, apex acute; lemmas lanceolate, 2.6-5.5
mm, punctate-scaberulous, apex acute, cuspidate
, or rarely keel extended
up to 0.3 mm into apical mucro
; palea keels ciliolate
. Anthers
1.2-2.3
mm. Fl.
and fr. May-Sep. [source]
This species has usually been known in the past as Koeleria cristata
Persoon, an illegitimate
, superfluous name
that included
the types
of two earlier names
in its circumscription. It is a highly polymorphic
species, widespread in temperate
parts of the N hemisphere, to which
many infraspecific names
have been applied. Variable characters include
hairiness, stiffness, rolling and color of the leaf blades, panicle
color, and spikelet size and hairiness. These variants
are mostly
ill-defined, intergrading, and of negligible practical value. [source]
Flowers: Bloom Period: May, June, July, August, September.
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 12-18" tall.
Habitat
Mountain slopes , grassland, roadsides; sea level to 3900 m (Ref. 101583).
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,715 meters (0 to 12,188 feet).[2]
Biology
Growth
Culture: Space 9-12" apart.
Soil: Minimum pH: 7.6 • Maximum pH: 9.0
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 5b. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- (Auct.) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Infraphylum:
Angiospermae
(
)
- Auct.
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Angiospermae
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Aira macrantha Ledebour • K. poiformis Domin; K. Pseudocristata Domin • K. tokiensis Domin. • Koeleria cristata auct. p. p. non Pers. • Koeleria cristata Persoon var. poiformis (Domin) Tzvelev; K. Cristata Pseudocristata (Domin) Domin; K. Cristata Var. pseudocristata (Domin) P. c. Kuo & Z. L. Wu; K. Gracilis Persoon • Koeleria cristata var. longifolia Vasey Ex Burtt-Davy • Koeleria cristata var. macrantha (Ledeb.) Griseb. • Koeleria cristata var. pinetorum Abrams • Koeleria gracilis Pers. • Koeleria nitida Nutt. • Koeleria pyramidata auct. p. p. non (Lam.) Beauv. • Koeleria yukonensis Hultén • Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg • Sér. 7
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Koeleria
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 7 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
K. argentea (Silver Hairgrass Koeleria Argentea) · K. asiatica (Eurasian Junegrass) · K. asiatica atroviolacea (Eurasian Junegrass) · K. atroviolacea atroviolacea (Eurasian Junegrass) · K. brevis (Blue Hairgrass Koeleria Brevis) · K. glauca (Large Blue Hair Grass Koeleria Glauca) · K. macrantha (June Grass Koeleria Macrantha)
More Info
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Further Reading
- A multi-scale analysis linking prairie breeding birds to site and landscape factors including USGS GAP data / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2007. url .
- A preliminary classification of the plant communities of northeastern Montana / Robert L. DeVelice [et al.]. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c1991. url , , , , , , , , , , , .
- An annotated catalogue of types of the University of Illinois mycological collections (ILL) / Urbana: University of Illinois Press, c1997. url p. 279.
- Bartonia;proceedings of the Philadelphia botanical club. .. 62 2004 Philadelphia, Philadelphia Botanical Club, Academy of Natural Sciences. url p. 79.
- Baseline survey for Astragalus barrii Barneby (Barr's milkvetch) and Physaria didymocarpa var. lanata A. Nels (wooly twinpod) in eastern Big Horn and southwestern Rosebud Counties, Montana / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, 2002, c2001. url .
- Biodiversity and representativeness of research natural areas on national wildlife refuges in Montana, designated areas within Benton Lake, Charles M. Russell, Lake Mason, Medicine Lake, and Red Rock final report / submitted to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; prepared by Stephen V. Cooper and Bonnie L. Heidel. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c1999 url p. 15, p. 16, p. 36.
- Biological survey of a prairie landscape in Montana's glaciated plains: final report / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program: 2001. url , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .
- Birds of Blaine County: riparian point count surveys 2005 / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2006. url .
- Botanical and vegetation survey of Carter County, Montana, Bureau of Land Management-administered lands / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst, Stephen V. Cooper, and Bonnie L. Heidel; prepared for United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1998] url , , , , , , p. 40, p. 46, p. 48, p. 60, p. 61.
- Botanical survey of the Ruby Range, Madison County, Montana, Dillon Resource Area, Bureau of Land Management / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst [et. al].; prepared for United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1997] url , p. 49, p. 79.
- Botanical survey of the Scratchgravel Hills, Lewis and Clark County, Montana / Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c1998. url , , .
- Conservation strategy for Silene spaldingii (Spalding's catchfly) in Montana / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, 2005. url , , , , .
- Conserving globally rare plants on lands administered by the Dillon Office of the Bureau of Land Management / Helena, MT: Natural Heritage Program, c2003. url .
- Erigenia: journal of the Illinois Native Plant Society. Carbondale, Ill.: The Society, 1982- url p. 11, p. 11, p. 26, p. 30, p. 37, p. 47.
- Globally significant plants in southeastern Big Horn and southwestern Rosebud counties, Montana / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2003. url , .
- Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1987 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 743, p. 787.
- Illinois River Bluffs area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, [and the] State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, Ill.: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1998- url p. 180.
- Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science. Lexington, KY: The Academy, 1998- url p. 120, p. 120, p. 183, p. 183.
- Lund easement baseline biological inventory / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2001 url , , , , , , .
- Montana's comprehensive fish and wildlife conservation strategy / Helena, Mont.: Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, 2005 url , .
- Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 218, p. 284, p. 300, p. 41, p. 437, p. 70.
- Plant and animal resources and ecological condition of the Hanging Woman Basin in Big Horn County, Montana and Sheridan County, Wyoming / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2003. url , , , .
- Plant species of concern and plant associations of Powder River county, Montana / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2002. url , , , , , , , .
- Plant species of special concern and plant associations of Sheridan County, Montana / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, 2000. url , , , , .
- Post-fire recovery of Wyoming big sagebrush shrub-steppe in centeral and southeast Montana/ Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2007. url .
- Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 659.
- Publications in botany / Ottawa: The Museum, 1969- url p. 50, p. 57.
- Range-wide status assessment of cirsium longistylum (long-styled thistle) / Helena: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2004. url , .
- Report on the conservation status of Cirsium longistylum, a candidate threatened species / Lisa A. Schassberger. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1991]. url p. 11, p. 46.
- Rock River area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, Natural History Survey Division, in conjunction with State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, IL: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1996- url p. 127, p. 53, p. 71, p. 73.
- Sensitive plant species inventory in the Centennial Valley, Beaverhead County, Montana / prepared by Denise R. Culver; prepared for Bureau of Land Management, [Butte District] Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1993] url , p. 121.
- Sensitive plant species survey at the southern end of the Elkhorn Mountains, Broadwater and Jefferson Counties, Montana / prepared by Bonnie L. Heidel; prepared for Bureau of Land Management. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1995] url , p. 8.
- Sensitive plant species survey, Ashland District, Custer National Forest, Powder River and Rosebud Counties, Montana / by Bonnie L. Heidel and Hollis Marriott; for Custer National Forest. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1996] url , , , .
- Sensitive plant species surveys, Butte District, Beaverhead and Madison Counties, Montana / by Bonnie L. Heidel and Jim Vanderhorst, for Bureau of Land Management. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1996] url , , , , p. 20, p. 74, p. 79.
- Sensitive plant survey in the Horse Prairie Creek drainage, Beaverhead County, Montana, Butte District, Bureau of Land Management / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst; prepared for United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Land management, Dillon Resource Area. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c1995. url , , , , p. 13, p. 26, p. 28, p. 41.
- Sensitive plant survey in the Sioux District, Custer National Forest, Carter County, Montana, and Harding County, South Dakota / prepared by Bonnie L. Heidel and Keith H. Dueholm; prepared for Custer National Forest. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c1995. url p. 133, p. 177, p. 23, p. 32, p. 33, p. 38, p. 6.
- Sensitive plant survey in the Tendoy Mountains, Beaverhead County, Montana / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst and Peter Lesica; prepared for Bureau of Land Management, Butte District. Helena, Mt.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1994]. url .
- Sensitive plant survey of the Tendoy Mountains, in the Beaverhead National Forest, Beaverhead County, Montana / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst; prepared for United States Forest Service, Beaverhead National Forest. Helena, Mt.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1995] url p. 66.
- Sensitive plant surveys in the Big Belt and Elkhorn Mountains, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Region 1, Helena National Forest, Montana / prepared by Jackie M. Poole and Bonnie L. Heidel; prepared for Helena National Forest. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1993] url , , .
- Sensitive plant surveys in the Gallatin National Forest, Montana / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst; prepared for U.S. Forest Service, Gallatin National Forest. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1994]. url p. 75.
- Status review of Astragalus barrii, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Region 1, Custer National Forest, Montana; prepared by Lisa Ann Schassberger. Helena, Mt.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1988] url , .
- Status review of Cirsium longistylum, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Region 1 Lewis and Clark National Forest, Montana / Lisa A. Schassberger and Peter L. Achuff. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1991]. url p. 35, p. 7.
- Status review of Lesquerella klausii, U.S. Forest Service, Region 1, Helena and Lewis & Clark National Forests, Montana / prepared by J. Stephen Shelly. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1988] url p. 14, p. 38.
- Status review update and establishment of demographic monitoring studies: Penstemon lemhiensis / prepared for U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Region 1, Beaverhead and Bitterroot National Forest, Montana; prepared by J. Stephen Shelly. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1990] url p. 37, p. 39.
- Survey for Botrychium paradoxum in the vicinity of Storm Lake, Deerlodge National Forest / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst; prepared for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c1993. url p. 55.
- Survey for sensitive plant species on BLM lands in the vicinity of Lemhi Pass, Beaverhead County / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst; prepared for Bureau of Land Management, Butte District. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1994]. url .
- Surveys for grassland birds of the Malta Field Office-BLM, including a seven-year study in north Valley County / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2008. url .
- Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url p. 17, p. 29, p. 30, p. 31, p. 32, p. 33, p. 80.
- Terrestrial resources injury assessment report: upper Clark Fork River Basin / [S.l.: RCG/Hagler, Bailly, Inc.?, 1995 url .
- The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 144, p. 25, p. 388, p. 513, p. 526, p. 528, p. 531, p. 532, p. 55, p. 559, p. 563, p. 698, p. 749, p. 773, p. 90.
- The Great Basin naturalist. 57 1997 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url fig. 3, page 28, fig. 4 cont., page 34, p. 40, p. 406, p. 743, p. 96.
- Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science. [Lexington, Ky.]Kentucky Academy of Science, 1923-1997. url p. 135, p. 75.
- Update to the report on the conservation status of Grindelia howellii, a candidated threatened species / Diane S. Pavek. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1991] url p. 29.
- Wildfire succession in plant communities natural to the Alkali Creek vicinity, Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge, Montana / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, 2001. url , , , .
- Woodhawk botanical survey, Fergus County, Montana, Lewistown District of the Bureau of Land Management / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c1997. url .
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 26 providers.
- "Koeleria macrantha". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 330, 331. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:
- Arizona State University, International Institute for Species Exploration: Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
- Arizona State University, International Institute for Species Exploration: The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
- Australian National Herbarium (CANB)
- Berkeley Natural History Museums: University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
- Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum: Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
- Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen: Biologiezentrum Linz
- Bioversity International: EURISCO
- Bioversity International: EURISCO, The European Genetic Resources Search Catalogue
- Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland: Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
- Burke Museum: Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium (WTU)
- Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
- Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien: Observations du Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien.
- European Environment Agency: EUNIS
- GBIF-Spain: Botánica, Universidad de León: LEB-Cormo
- GBIF-Spain: Institut Botanic de Barcelona, BC
- GBIF-Spain: Real Jardin Botanico (Madrid), Vascular Plant Herbarium (MA)
- GBIF-Spain: Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas: FCO
- GBIF-Sweden: Botany (UPS)
- GBIF-Sweden: Herbarium of Oskarshamn (OHN)
- GBIF-Sweden: Lund Botanical Museum (LD)
- GBIF-Sweden: Plants (GBIF-SE:Artdatabanken)
- Herbarium of the University of Aarhus: The AAU Herbarium Database
- inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn
- Institute of Nature Conservation PAS: National System of Proetcted Areas
- Karl Franzens University of Graz, Insitute for Botany - Herbarium GZU: Herbarium GZU
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK): IPK Genebank
- Missouri Botanical Garden
- Museum of Natural History, Wroclaw University: Museum of Natural History, Wroclaw University, Flora of the Stołowe Mts.
- National Institute of Genetics, ROIS: Herbarium Specimens of Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo Pref., Japan
- Natural History Museum, Vienna - Herbarium W: Herbarium W
- NLBIF: Limnodata
- Oregon State University: Vascular Plant Collection
- Steiermärkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum - Herbarium GJO: Herbarium GJO
- SysTax
- SysTax: Herbarium Universitat Ulm
- SysTax: Justus-Liebig-Universitat Giessen
- SysTax: Museu Botanico Municipal
- The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility: Botany registration database by Danish botanists
- Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
- UK National Biodiversity Network: Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular plant data for Scottish Vice-counties (VCs 80, 84, 103 & 104)
- UK National Biodiversity Network: Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
- UK National Biodiversity Network: Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
- UK National Biodiversity Network: Joint Nature Conservation Committee - Vegetation surveys of coastal shingle in Great Britain
- UK National Biodiversity Network: Scottish Borders Biological Records Centre - SWT Scottish Borders Local Wildlife Site Survey data 1996-2000 - species information
- University of Alaska Museum of the North: University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium (ALA)
- University of Colorado Museum: Zoological specimens
- University of Vienna, Institute for Botany - Herbarium WU: Herbarium WU
- US National Plant Germplasm System: United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
- USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database
- Utah State University: USU-UTC Specimen Database
- Utah Valley State College (UVSC): Utah Valley State College Herbarium
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2667699
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-503284
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 5190438
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:165188-3
- GRIN Nomen Number: 314896
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 503284
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA3G040
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: KOYU
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 45047
Footnotes
- Zhen-lan Wu & Sylvia M. Phillips "Koeleria". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 1, 282, 316, 330. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 249.650 meters (819.062 feet), Standard Deviation = 465.060 based on 7,343 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
