Overview
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Vulnerable |
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Interesting Facts
Description
Family Acanthaceae
The Acanthaceae are mostly herbs or shrubs comprising about 250 genera and 2,500 species, including twining forms. The leaves are simple , opposite and decussate; stipules are lacking. The flowers are bisexual , zygomorphic, and usually are associated with conspicuous , often brightly colored bracts. The calyx is usually deeply 4-5 lobed or sometimes is highly reduced with more numerous minute teeth. The corolla is sympetalous , usually 5-merous, mostly zygomorphic, and commonly 2 lipped. The androecium usually consists of 4 didynamous stamens or only 2 stamens adnate to the corolla tube or epigynous zone, alternate with the lobes . The gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil of 2 carpels, a single style, and a superior ovary with 2 locules, each with usually 2-10 axile ovules in one or two collateral vertical tiers . An annular nectary disk is usually found around the base of the ovary. The fruit is commonly an elastically dehiscent loculicidal capsule. The seed stalk or funiculus of each seed is modified into a hook shaped jaculator or retinaculum that functions in flinging out the seeds during dehiscence. -- Gerald Carr.
Habitat
Ecology:
Lowland forest
, often along streams
, 0–700 m
alt.[1].
List of Habitats
:
- 1 Forest
- 1.6 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland [more info]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Spermatopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Asteridae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Lamianae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Lamiales
()
- Bromhead, 1838
- Family:
Acanthaceae
()
- A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- acanthacées, acanthus
- Subfamily:
Acanthoideae
()
- Tribe:
Ruellieae
()
- Subtribe:
Justiciinae
()
- Genus:
Justicia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1753
- Specific epithet:
orbicularis
- (Lindau) V.A.W.Graham
- Botanical name: - Justicia orbicularis (Lindau) V.A.W.Graham
- Specific epithet:
orbicularis
- (Lindau) V.A.W.Graham
- Genus:
Justicia
(
- Subtribe:
Justiciinae
(
- Tribe:
Ruellieae
(
- Subfamily:
Acanthoideae
(
- Family:
Acanthaceae
(
- Order:
Lamiales
(
- Superorder:
Lamianae
(
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Similar Species
Members of the genus Justicia
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 46 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
J. adhatoda (Adhatoda) · J. americana (American Water Willow) · J. angusta (Pineland Water-Willow) · J. aurea (Yellow Jacobinia) · J. betonica (Paper Plume) · J. borinquensis (Monte Cerrote Water-Willow) · J. brandegeana (Red Shrimp Plant) · J. brandegeana 'Fruit Cocktail' (Shrimp Plant) · J. brandegeana 'Red Pinecone' (Red Shrimp Plant) · J. brandegeana 'Variegata' (Shrimp Plant) · J. brandegeana 'Yellow Queen' (Shrimp Plant) · J. brandegeeana (Plants) · J. brandegeeana 'Fruit Cocktail' (Shrimp Plant) · J. californica (Beloperone) · J. candicans (Arizona Water-Willow) · J. carnea (Brazilian Plume) · J. carnea 'Alba' (Brazilian Plume Flower) · J. carnea 'Huntington' (Brazilian Plume Flower) · J. carnea 'Radiant' (Brazilian Plume Flower) · J. carthagenensis (Woodland Water-Willow) · J. comata (Marsh Water-Willow) · J. cooleyi (Cooley's Water-Willow) · J. crassifolia (Thick-Leaved Water-Willow) · J. culebritae (Culebrita Island Water-Willow) · J. fulvicoma (Mexican Plume) · J. gendarussa (Daun Rusa) · J. leonardii (Orange Justicia) · J. longii (Longflower Tubetongue) · J. martinsoniana (Puerto Rico Water-Willow) · J. microphylla (Thicketwort) · J. mirabiloides (West Indian Water-Willow) · J. ovata (Looseflower Water-Willow) · J. ovata var. lanceolata (Looseflower Water-Willow) · J. ovata var. ovata (Looseflower Water-Willow) · J. ovata var. ovata (Walt.) Lindau (Looseflower Water-Willow) · J. pectoralis (Freshcut) · J. pilosella (Greggs Tubetongue) · J. quadrifida (Wright's Desert Honeysuckle) · J. runyonii (Runyon's Water-Willow) · J. sonorae (Sonoran Water-Willow) · J. sphaerosperma (Tropical Waterwillow) · J. spicigera (Firecracker Plant) · J. turneri (Turners Water-Willow) · J. warnockii (Warnock's Water-Willow) · J. wrightii (Wright's Water-Willow) · J. 'Pink Parfait' (Justicia)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- IUCN. 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 23 November 2004.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
- Darbyshire, I. 2004. Justicia orbicularis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 02, 2007:
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5988453
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14823857
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:945730-1
- IUCN ID: 217170
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1028396
Footnotes
- Darbyshire, I. 2004. Justicia orbicularis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2012. [back]
