Juncus marginatus

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Family Juncaceae

Herbs, very rarely shrublike, perennial or annual , tufted or with erect or creeping rhizome. Stems erect, terete or laterally flattened. Leaves occasionally reduced to a bladeless or nearly bladeless sheath at base of stem (cataphyll) ; leaf sheath often shortly prolonged on both sides into a pair of auricles at leaf blade juncture; leaf blade of basal and cauline leaves usually linear or filiform , grasslike and flat, or terete, glabrous except for pilose margin on some grasslike blades. Inflorescence a panicle, corymb, or 1-flowered. Flowers bisexual or unisexual and plants dioecious, mostly wind pollinated, regular, usually small, usually 1- or 2-bracteolate at base. Perianth segments (3 or) 6, in (1 or) 2 whorls, free , usually greenish to brownish or blackish, rarely white or yellowish, glumelike. Stamens 3 or 6, if 6 then 3 opposite outer perianth segments; filaments thin; anthers basifixed , 2-loculed, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; pollen grains in tetrads . Ovary superior, 1-loculed, or divided by 3 septa and 3-loculed, or incompletely septate ; ovules 3 and inserted at base of ovary, or numerous and biseriate on 3 parietal placentas. Stigmas 3, papillose . Fruit a capsule, 1--3-valved, loculicidal. Seeds globose , ovoid , or fusiform , small, sometimes appendaged; appendage caudate ; embryo straight, minute, enclosed by fleshy endosperm.

About eight genera and ca. 400 species: widely distributed in temperate and cold regions of both hemispheres, in tropical regions restricted to high elevations ; two genera and 92 species (33 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Juncus

Herbs, perennial or rarely annual , rhizomatous or cespitose. Culms round or flattened in cross section . Cataphylls often present at culm base. Leaves: sheaths open; blade flat, channeled , ensiform or terete , sometimes septate , margins involute . Inflorescences terminal or pseudoaxillary, monochasia or dichasia, usually with monochasial branches, cymes or 1--many heads in racemes or panicles; bracteoles 2 or absent. Flowers: tepals (4--) 6 in 2 whorls; stamens (2--) 3--6. Capsules 1-locular or 3-locular, septicidal . Seeds many, ellipsoid to ovoid , sometimes tailed .

Species ca. 300: worldwide except Antarctica.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Moist to wet sandy, peaty, or clayey soils, usually in open areas including bogs , shores , marshes, and ditches[3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,500 meters (0 to 8,202 feet).[4]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Soil: Minimum pH: 4.6 • Maximum pH: 6.5

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. J. aristulatus var. pinetorum Coville
2. J. biflorus Elliott.
3. J. longii Fernald
4. J. marginatus var. aristulatus (Michaux) Coville
5. J. marginatus var. biflorus (Elliott.) Chapman
6. J. marginatus var. odoratus Torrey
7. J. marginatus var. paucicapitatus Engelmann
8. J. marginatus var. setosus Coville
9. J. marginatus var. vulgaris Engelmann
10. J. odoratus (Torrey) Steudel
11. J. setosus (Coville) Small
12. Juncus aristulatus Michaux
13. Juncus aristulatus Michx.
14. Juncus biflorus Elliott
15. Juncus biflorus forma adinus Fernald & Grisc.
16. Juncus buchenaui Sved.
17. Juncus canaliculatus Liebm.
18. Juncus clarkei marginatus A. Camus
19. Juncus cylindricus M. A. Curtis
20. Juncus heteranthos Nutt.
21. Juncus longii Fernald
22. Juncus marginatus var. aristulatus (Michx.) Coville
23. Juncus marginatus var. biflorus (Elliott) Chapm.
24. Juncus marginatus var. odoratus Torr.
25. Juncus marginatus var. paucicapitatus Engelm.
26. Juncus marginatus var. setosus Coville
27. Juncus marginatus var. vulgaris Engelm.
28. Juncus odoratus (Torr.) Steud.
29. Juncus setosus (Coville) Small
30. Luzula angustifolia Poir.
31. Luzula juncoides Poir.

Notes

Publishing author : Poir. Publication : Encyc. Suppl. iii. 535 Publishing author: Small Publication: Fl. S.E. U.S. 258 1903 Publishing author: Garsault Publication: Fig. Pl. Anim. Med. t. 42 (1764); Descr. Pl. Anim. 33(1767);Thell. in Bull .Herb. Boiss. Ser. II. viii. 783 Publishing author: Dorfler Publication: Herb. Norm. No. 3267 (1897), hybr. Publishing author: Engelm. Publication: Trans. Acad. Sci. St . Louis 2: 455 1866 Publishing author: Alph.Wood. Publication: Class-book Bot. (ed. 1861). 725 1861 Publishing author: Coville. Publication: Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash . 8: 123 1893 Basionym author: (Michx.) Publishing author: Fernald Publication: Rhodora 39: 397, tab. 477, fig. 1-4 1937 Publishing author: Phil. Publication: Anales Univ. Chile (1873) 552 Publishing author: M .A.Curt. Publication: in Amer. J. Sci. xliv. (1843) 83 Publishing author: Torr. Publication: Fl. N. Middle United States 1: 362 1824 Publishing author: Coville. Publication: Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 8: 124 1893 Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Wilson K .L.

Place of publication: De Junco 38, t. 2, fig. 3. 1801

Name verified on 01-Aug-2006 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 19-Dec-2006

Similar Species

Members of the genus Juncus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1350 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

J. abjectus · J. abortivus · J. acicularis · J. acumiantus · J. acuminatus (Sharp-Fruit Rush) · J. acuminatus debilis · J. acuminatus f. sphaerocephalus · J. acuminatus legitimus · J. acuminatus robustus · J. acuminatus var. paradoxus · J. acuminatus var. sensu · J. acutangulus · J. acutiflorus (Sharp-Flower Rush) · J. acutiflorus acutiflorus (Sharpflower Rush) · J. acutiflorus rugosus · J. acutiflorus × articulatus · J. acuto-maritimus · J. acutus (Sharp Rush) · J. acutus acutus (Spiny Rush) · J. acutus f. xanthosus (Spiny-Rush) · J. acutus leopoldii (Spiny Rush) · J. acutus littoralis · J. acutus sphaerocarpus · J. acutus subsp. leopoldii · J. adscendens · J. aemulans (Common Rush) · J. affinis · J. agrostophyllus · J. alatus · J. albescens · J. albicans · J. albidus · J. albus · J. aletaiensis · J. alexandri · J. alexandri alexandri · J. alexandri melanobasis · J. alexandri subsp. melanobasis · J. allioides · J. alpestris · J. alpiarticulatus · J. alpigenus · J. alpiniformis (Alpine Rush) · J. alpino · J. alpino-articulatus · J. alpinoarticulatus (Northern Green Rush) · J. alpinoarticulatus alpestris · J. alpinoarticulatus alpinoarticulatus · J. alpinoarticulatus americanus · J. alpinoarticulatus fischeranus · J. alpinoarticulatus fischerianus · J. alpinoarticulatus fuscencens · J. alpinoarticulatus fuscescens · J. alpinoarticulatus nodulosus (Alpine Rush) · J. alpinoarticulatus rariflorus · J. alpinoarticulatus subsp. alpestris · J. alpinoarticulatus subsp. americanus · J. alpinoarticulatus subsp. fischeranus · J. alpinoarticulatus subsp. fuscencens · J. alpinoarticulatus subsp. fuscescens · J. alpinoarticulatus var. macrocephalus (Northern Green Rush) · J. alpinus · J. alpinus alpinus · J. alpinus and · J. alpinus australis · J. alpinus f. obtusatus · J. alpinus fuscescens · J. alpinus insignis · J. alpinus nodulosus · J. alpinus subsp. turczaninovii · J. alpinus turczaninovii · J. alpinus var. americana · J. altus · J. amabilis · J. ambiguus (Seasice Rush) · J. ambiguus turkestanicus · J. ambiguus var. ossoraicus (Rush) · J. amplifolius · J. amuricus · J. anatolicus · J. anceps · J. andersonii · J. andicola · J. andicolus · J. angustifolius · J. annuus · J. anonymus · J. antarcticus · J. anthelatus (Greater Poverty Rush) · J. aquarrosus · J. aquaticus · J. arabicus · J. arcticus (Arctic Rush) · J. arcticus alaskanus · J. arcticus arcticus (Arctic Rush) · J. arcticus balticus · J. arcticus grubovii · J. arcticus littoralis (Arctic Rush) · J. arcticus mexicanus · J. arcticus pyrenaeus

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A preliminary catalogue of the flora of New Jersey. Comp. by N. L. Britton with the assistance of eminent botanists. New Brunswick, Office of the survey, 1881. ENG url p. 105.
• A second edition of Webber's "Appendix to the catalogue of the flora of Nebraska" / with a supplementary list of recently reported species by Charles E. Bessey. Lincoln, Neb.: [University of Nebraska?, 1892] ENG url p. 50.
• Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen. Bremen: Im Selbstverlag des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins, 1866- GER url p. 486, p. 488.
• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions, from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian, by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Ho New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1913. ENG url p. 473.
• Annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of New York state, by Homer D. House. Albany, The University of the state of New York, 1924. ENG url p. 211.
• Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States, by Donovan S. Correll and Helen B. Correll. [Washington]Environmental Protection Agency; [For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.]1972. ENG url p. 624, p. 625.
• Balslev, H. 1996. Juncaceae. In: Organization for Flora Neotropica, ed., Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 68:100–104.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 123, p. 189, p. 50.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 27 1900 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870- ENG url p. 328, p. 419.
• Catalog of Ohio vascular plants: arranged according to the phyletic classification: with notes on the geographical distribution in the state, based mainly on specimens in the State Herbarium, Botanical Laboratory, the Ohio State Uni by John H. Schaffner Columbus: Ohio State University, 1914. ENG url p. 159.
• Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. Compiled by the Royal Society of London. London, C.J. Clay and Sons, 1867-1902 [etc.] Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1914-25. ENG url p. 387.
• Contributions to the botany of Vermont. Burlington, Vt.: Botanical Dept., University of Vermont, 1898-1911. ENG url p. 26.
• Contributions to the flora of Venezuela / Julian A. Steyermark and collaborators. Chicago, Ill.: Chicago Natural History Museum, 1957. ENG url p. 833.
• Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. (F Tex)
• Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana. (F Mesoamer)
• Enumeratio plantarum omnium hucusque cognitarum, secundum familias naturales disposita, adjectis characteribus, differentiis et synonymis, auctore Carolo Sigismundo Kunth. Stutgardiae, Sumtibus J. G. Cottae, 1833-1850. LAT url p. 345.
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America. (F NAmer)
• Fauna och flora: populr tidskrift fr biologi. Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksells, 1906-1967; SWE url p. 155, p. 158.
• Flora of Berkshire County, Massachusetts. Boston, 1922. ENG url p. 186, p. 361.
• Flora of Delaware and the Eastern Shore: an annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of the peninsula of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia. [Wilmington]: Society of Natural History of Delaware, 1946. ENG url p. 80.
• Flora of Guatemala / Paul C. Standley and Julian A. Steyermark. Chicago: Chicago Natural History Museum, 1952. ENG url p. 55, p. 56.
• Flora of Indiana, by Charles C. Deam. Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford printing co., contractor for state printing and binding, 1940. ENG url p. 295.
• Flora of Nebraska; a list of the conifers and flowering plants of the state, with keys for their determination. [Lincoln, Neb., Printed by State Printing Co., 1912] ENG url p. 14.
• Flora of Pennsylvania. Edited with the addition of analytical keys by John Kunkel Small. Boston, Ginn & Co., 1903. ENG url p. 79.
• Flora of Vermont; a list of the fern and seed plants growing without cultivation. Prepared by Ezra Brainerd, L.R. Jones and W.W. Eggleston, committee for the Vermont botanical club. Burlington, Vt., Free Press Association, 1900. ENG url p. 26.
• Flora of West Virginia, by Charles Frederick Millspaugh and Lawrence William Nuttall. Chicago, 1896. ENG url p. 198, p. 198.
• Flora of West Virginia. Charleston, W. Va., M.W. Donnally, 1892. ENG url p. 454.
• Flora of the southeastern United States; being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and in Oklahom by John Kunke New York, The author, 1913. ENG url p. 258.
• Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 1461, p. 200, p. 417, p. 47, p. 710, p. 95, p. 98.
• National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- ENG url p. 223.
• Plant life of Alabama: an account of the distribution, modes of association, and adaptations of the flora of Alabama, together with a systematic catalogue of the plants growing in the state / by Charles Mohr. Montgomery, Ala.: Brown Printing Co., 1901. ENG url p. 433.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. [Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia] ENG url p. 558.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. [Washington, Biological Society of Washington] ENG url p. 121, p. 124, p. 125, p. 126, p. 127, p. 132.
• Report of the flora of Westchester County. Prepared for Bolton's History of the County. [New YorkRoper & Burdge, 1880?] ENG url p. 818.
• Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76: under the command of Captain George S. Nares, R.N., F.R.S. and Captain Frank Turle Thomson, R.N. / prepared under the superintendence of Sir C. Wyville Thomson. Edinburgh: Neill, 1880-1895. ENG url p. 70.
• Studies of the vegetation of Missouri / By Julian A. Steyermark. [Chicago, 1940- ENG url p. 406.
• Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum. Digessit P. A. Saccardo. Patavii, sumptibus auctoris, 1882-1931. LAT url p. 614.
• The Ohio journal of science. [Columbus, Ohio, The Ohio State University and the Ohio Academy of Science] ENG url p. 128.
• The Plant world. Baltimore [etc.]Plant World Association [etc.] ENG url p. 102.
• The University of Kansas science bulletin. [Lawrence]: University of Kansas, 1902-1996. ENG url p. 150, p. 552.
• The flora of Scott and Muscatine counties. By W.D. Barnes, Fred Reppert [and] A.A. Miller. [Davenport, Iowa, 1901] ENG url p. 262.
• The flora of the upper Susquehanna and its tributaries / by WJillard Nelson Clute. Binghamton, N.Y.: W.N. Clute, 1898. ENG url p. 113.
• The plants of Southern New Jersey; with especial reference to the flora of the Pine Barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, 1911. ENG url p. 332.
• The plants of southern New Jersey; with especial reference to the flora of the pine barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, 1911. ENG url p. 332.
• The transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. St. Louis: The Academy, 1860-1958. ENG url p. 108.
• Transactions of the Academy of Science of Saint Louis. [St. Louis, Academy of Science of St. Louis] ENG url p. 102, p. 108, p. 489.
• Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: W.Y. Morgan, 1903- ENG url p. 106.
• University of California publications in botany. Berkeley, Calif., University of California Press, 1902-2001. ENG url p. 65.
• Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida. (F Florida)
• Wu Kuo-fang. 1997. Juncaceae. In: Wu Kuo-fang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 13(3): 146--253.
• Engelmann, G. 1866--1868. Revision of the North American species of the genus Juncus, with a description of new or imperfectly known species. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis. 2(2, 3): 424--498.
• Hermann, F. J. 1975. Manual of the Rushes (Juncus spp.) of the Rocky Mountains and Colorado Basin. Fort Collins, Colo. [U.S.D.A. Forest Serv. , Gen. Techn. Rep. RM-18.]

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed March 29, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 25, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• IOPI Global Plant Checklist 2005.
• IOPI-GPC
• "Juncus marginatus". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 22, 2007:

• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2659934
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: IOP-166
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13692227
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:302388-2
• GRIN Nomen Number: 451309
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 39289
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 302388-2
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMJUN011S0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: JUSE4
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 44880

Footnotes

1. Guofang Wu & Steven E. Clemants "Juncaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 44. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Ralph E. Brooks, Steven E. Clemants "Juncus". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Juncus marginatus". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Mean = 220.570 meters (723.655 feet), Standard Deviation = 236.850 based on 4,954 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2009 the BayScience Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.