Juncus interior

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Juncaceae

Herbs, very rarely shrublike, perennial or annual , tufted or with erect or creeping rhizome. Stems erect, terete or laterally flattened. Leaves occasionally reduced to a bladeless or nearly bladeless sheath at base of stem (cataphyll) ; leaf sheath often shortly prolonged on both sides into a pair of auricles at leaf blade juncture; leaf blade of basal and cauline leaves usually linear or filiform , grasslike and flat, or terete, glabrous except for pilose margin on some grasslike blades . Inflorescence a panicle, corymb, or 1-flowered. Flowers bisexual or unisexual and plants dioecious, mostly wind pollinated, regular, usually small, usually 1- or 2-bracteolate at base. Perianth segments (3 or) 6, in (1 or) 2 whorls, free , usually greenish to brownish or blackish, rarely white or yellowish, glumelike. Stamens 3 or 6, if 6 then 3 opposite outer perianth segments; filaments thin; anthers basifixed , 2-loculed, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; pollen grains in tetrads . Ovary superior, 1-loculed, or divided by 3 septa and 3-loculed, or incompletely septate ; ovules 3 and inserted at base of ovary, or numerous and biseriate on 3 parietal placentas. Stigmas 3, papillose . Fruit a capsule, 1--3-valved, loculicidal. Seeds globose , ovoid , or fusiform , small, sometimes appendaged; appendage caudate ; embryo straight, minute, enclosed by fleshy endosperm.

About eight genera and ca. 400 species: widely distributed in temperate and cold regions of both hemispheres, in tropical regions restricted to high elevations ; two genera and 92 species (33 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Juncus

Herbs, perennial or rarely annual , rhizomatous or cespitose. Culms round or flattened in cross section . Cataphylls often present at culm base. Leaves: sheaths open; blade flat, channeled , ensiform or terete , sometimes septate , margins involute . Inflorescences terminal or pseudoaxillary, monochasia or dichasia, usually with monochasial branches, cymes or 1--many heads in racemes or panicles; bracteoles 2 or absent. Flowers: tepals (4--) 6 in 2 whorls; stamens (2--) 3--6. Capsules 1-locular or 3-locular, septicidal . Seeds many, ellipsoid to ovoid , sometimes tailed .

Species ca. 300: worldwide except Antarctica.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Dry, often upland sites in prairies, exposed disturbed sites, and ditches in sandy or clayey soils[3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,998 meters (0 to 9,836 feet).[4]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Synonyms

J. interior var. neomexicanus (Wiegand) F. J. Hermann • J. monostichus Bartlett • J. neomexicanus Wiegand • Juncus arizonicus var. curtiflorus Wiegand • Juncus arizonicus Wiegand • Juncus interior var. arizonicus (Wiegand) F. J. hermann • Juncus interior var. billingtonii Farw. • Juncus interior var. neomexicanus (Wiegand) F. J. Herm. • Juncus interior var. uniflorus Farw. • Juncus monostichus Bartlett • Juncus neomexicanus Wiegand

Notes

Publishing author : Wiegand Publication : Man. Fl. N. States [Britton] 1045 1901

Similar Species

Members of the genus Juncus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 195 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

J. acuminatus (Sharp-Fruit Rush) · J. acutiflorus (Sharp-Flower Rush) · J. acutiflorus acutiflorus (Sharpflower Rush) · J. acutus (Sharp Rush) · J. acutus acutus (Spiny Rush) · J. acutus f. xanthosus (Spiny-Rush) · J. acutus leopoldii (Spiny Rush) · J. aemulans (Common Rush) · J. alpiniformis (Alpine Rush) · J. alpinoarticulatus (Northern Green Rush) · J. alpinoarticulatus nodulosus (Alpine Rush) · J. alpinoarticulatus var. macrocephalus (Northern Green Rush) · J. ambiguus (Rush) · J. ambiguus var. ossoraicus (Rush) · J. anthelatus (Greater Poverty Rush) · J. arcticus (Arctic Rush) · J. arcticus arcticus (Arctic Rush) · J. arcticus littoralis (Arctic Rush) · J. articulatus (Jointed Rush) · J. articulatus articulatus (Jointleaf Rush) · J. articulatus f. natans (Jointed Rush) · J. articulatus f. pallidus (Jointed Rush) · J. articulatus f. stolonifer (Jointed Rush) · J. articulatus f. zapalowiczii (Jointed Rush) · J. articulatus subsp. articulatus (Jointed Rush) · J. australis (Austral Rush) · J. balticus (Baltic Rush) · J. balticus Willd. var. melanogenus Fern. & Wieg. (Baltic Rush) · J. balticus Willd. var. stenocarpus Buch. & Fern. (Baltic Rush) · J. balticus Willd. var. vallicola Rydb. (Valley Rush) · J. biglumis (Two-Flowered Rush) · J. blue glauca (Blue Rush) · J. bolanderi (Bolander's Rush) · J. brachycarpus (Short-Fruit Rush) · J. brachycephalus (Small-Head Rush) · J. brachyphyllus (Short-Leaf Rush) · J. brevicaudatus (Canadian Rush) · J. breweri (Brewer's Rush) · J. bryoides (Moss Rush) · J. bufonius (Toad Rush) · J. bufonius L. var. congestus Wahlenb. (Toad Rush) · J. bufonius L. var. occidentalis F.J.Herm. (Toad Rush) · J. bufonius var. cogdonii (Toad Rush) · J. bufonius var. halophilus (Toad Rush) · J. bulbosus (Bulbous Rush) · J. caesariensis (New Jersey Rush) · J. canadensis (Canada Rush) · J. capillaris (Hairy-Stem Rush) · J. capitatus (Capitate Rush) · J. castaneus castaneus (Chestnut Rush) · J. castaneus castaneus var. castaneus (Chestnut Rush) · J. castaneus leucochlamys (Chestnut Rush) · J. chlorocephalus (Green-Headed Rush) · J. compressus (Flattened Rush) · J. confusus (Colorado Rush) · J. conglomeratus (Common Rush) · J. cooperi (Cooper Rush) · J. coriaceus (Leathery Rush) · J. covillei (Coville Rush) · J. covillei Piper var. covillei Piper (Coville's Rush) · J. covillei Piper var. obtusatus C.L.Hitchc. (Coville's Rush) · J. cyperoides (Forbestown Rush) · J. debilis (Weak Rush) · J. decipiens 'Curly Wurly' (Corkscrew Rush) · J. dichotomus (Forked Rush) · J. diffusissimus (Diffuse Rush) · J. drummondii (Drummond's Rush) · J. drummondii var. subtriflorus (E.Mey.) C.L.Hitchc. (Threeflower Rush) · J. dubius (Mariposa Rush) · J. dudleyi (Dudley's Rush) · J. effusus (Common Rush) · J. effusus effusus var. effusus (Common Rush) · J. effusus gracilis (Lamp Rush) · J. effusus L. var. decipiens (Lamp Rush) · J. effusus pacificus var. pacificus (Pacific Rush) · J. effusus var. brunneus Engelm. (Soft Rush) · J. effusus var. exiguus Fern. & Wieg. (Lamp Rush) · J. effusus var. Spiralis (Corkscrew Rush) · J. effusus var. Spiralis 'Variegata' (Variegated Spiral Soft Rush) · J. effusus 'Frenzy' (Corkscrew Rush) · J. effusus 'Glaucus' (Blue Rush) · J. effusus 'Goldstrike' (Goldstrike Cork Screw Rush) · J. effusus 'Lemon Twist' (Striped Spiral Rush) · J. effusus 'Quarter Creek' (Soft Rush) · J. effusus 'Quartz Creek' (Soft Rush) · J. effusus 'Squiggly Wiggly' (Corkscrew Rush) · J. effusus 'Unicorn' (Corkscrew Rush) · J. elliottii (Bog Rush) · J. ensifolius (Swordleaf Rush) · J. ensifolius var. brunnescens (Swordleaf Rush) · J. falcatus (Falcate Rush) · J. filiformis (Thread Rush) · J. filipendulus (Plains Rush) · J. foliosus (Toad Rush) · J. fulvescens (Rush) · J. georgianus (Georgia Rush) · J. gerardii (Black-Grass Rush) · J. gerardii gerardii (Saltmeadow Rush) · J. gerardii Loisel. var. pedicellatus Fern. (Saltmeadow Rush) · J. gracilescens (Rush)

More Info

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Further Reading

• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. Addison Brown. New York: Scribner, 1913. url p. 471.
• Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States, by Donovan S. Correll and Helen B. Correll. [Washington]Environmental Protection Agency; [For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.]1972. url p. 621.
• Atlas of the rare vascular plants of Ontario / Ottawa: Botany Division, National Museum of Natural Sciences = Division de la botanique, Musée national des sciences naturelles, 1982-1987. url .
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. 7 1912 [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 239.
• Bulletin / Illinois Natural History Survey. Urbana, State of Illinois, Dept. of Registration and Education, Natural History Survey Division, 1918-1985. url p. 426.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- url p. 21, p. 36, p. 42.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 19 1915 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 132, p. 134.
• Erigenia: journal of the Illinois Native Plant Society. Carbondale, Ill.: The Society, 1982- url p. 11, p. 11, p. 13, p. 21, p. 31, p. 36, p. 40, p. 52, p. 6.
• Flora of Colorado, Fort Collins, Col., Experiment Station, 1906. url .
• Flora of Colorado, by P. A. Rydberg, PH. D. Fort Collins, Col., Experiment Station, 1906. url p. 79.
• Flora of Colorado, by P.A. Rydberg. Fort Collins, Col., Experiment Station, 1906. url p. 79, p. 79.
• Flora of Indiana, by Charles C. Deam. Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford printing co., contractor for state printing and binding, 1940. url p. 296.
• Flora of Nebraska; a list of the conifers and flowering plants of the state, with keys for their determination. Lincoln, Neb., Printed by State Printing Co., 1912 url p. 14.
• Flora of Nebraska; a list of the ferns, conifers and flowering plants of the state with keys for their determination. Plainview, Neb., 1923 url p. 23, p. 24.
• Flora of New Mexico / by E.O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. Washington: G.P.O., 1915. url p. 134.
• Flora of New Mexico. By E.O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. WashingtonGovt. Print. Off.1915 url p. 134.
• Flora of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent plains, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and neighboring parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and British Columbia, by P.A. Rydberg. .. New York, The author, 1922. url p. 150.
• Flora of the southeastern United States; being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and in Oklahom by John Kunkel Small. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 254, p. 254, p. 256, p. 256.
• Hill prairies of Illinois. Urbana, 1955. url p. 426.
• Illinois River Bluffs area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, [and the] State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, Ill.: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1998- url p. 162, p. 180.
• Key to the Rocky Mountain flora; Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and British Columbia. New York, 1919. url p. 51.
• Manual of the flora of the northern states and Canada / by Nathaniel Lord Britton. New York: Holt, 1905. url p. 1068.
• Miscellaneous publication - University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History. 1965 Lawrence: University of Kansas, 1946-1996. url p. 49.
• Montana wetland assessment method / prepared by Jeff Berglund, Western EcoTech. Helena, Mont.: Western EcoTech, 1999. url p. 2.
• Montana wetland field evaluation: form and instructions / prepared by Jeff Berglund, Morrison-Maierle Environmental Corporation. Helena, Mont.: Morrison-Maierle Environmental Corporation, 1996. url p. 2.
• Muhlenbergia. Chico, Calif. [etc] url p. 117, p. 127.
• National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- url p. 223.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 133, p. 27, p. 274, p. 280, p. 45.
• Plants of Mississippi: a list of flowering plants and ferns / by E.N. Lowe. [Jackson, Miss.]: Mississippi State Geological Survey, 1921. url p. 112.
• Report of the Michigan Academy of Science. Lansing, Mich.: The Academy, 1904-1916. url p. 205, p. 211.
• Small, J. K. Flora of the southeastern United States;being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolin, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana and the Indian territory and in Oklahoma and Texas east of the one-hundredth meridian /by John Kunkel Small. .. 1903 New York: The author, 1903. url p. 254.
• Studies in natural history. Iowa City, Ia. url p. 7.
• The Asa Gray bulletin. 2 1953 Ann Arbor, Mich. url p. 377.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 30, p. 31, p. 313, p. 437.
• The Plant world. Baltimore [etc.]Plant World Association [etc.] url p. 118, p. 178.
• The University of Kansas science bulletin. 39 1958 [Lawrence]: University of Kansas, 1902-1996. url p. 150, p. 18, p. 47, p. 552, p. 892.
• The University of Missouri studies. Columbia, Mo.: The University, 1905-[1918] url p. 14, p. 162.
• The flora of Boulder, Colorado, and vicinity, by Francis Potter Daniels. .. [Columbia, Mo.]The University of Missouri, 1911. url p. 14.
• The grasses and grass-like plants of New Mexico / E.O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. Agricultural College, N.M.: New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1912. url p. 175.
• The vegetation of a desert mountain range as conditioned by climatic factors, by Forrest Shreve. Washington, D. C., Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1915. url p. 21, p. 36, p. 42.
• Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: W.Y. Morgan, 1903- url p. 106.
• Vascular plants of the Sangamon River basin; annotated checklist and ecological summary [by] Almut G. Jones and David T. Bell. [Urbana], University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture, [1974] url p. 7.
• Wu Kuo-fang. 1997. Juncaceae. In: Wu Kuo-fang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 13(3): 146--253.
• Engelmann, G. 1866--1868. Revision of the North American species of the genus Juncus, with a description of new or imperfectly known species. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis. 2(2, 3): 424--498.
• Hermann, F. J. 1975. Manual of the Rushes (Juncus spp.) of the Rocky Mountains and Colorado Basin. Fort Collins, Colo. [U.S.D.A. Forest Serv. , Gen. Techn. Rep. RM-18.]

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 31, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal January 30, 2008:

• Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• University of Colorado Museum, Zoological specimens
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5981639
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: IOP-360
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13691968
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:443069-1
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 39280
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 443069-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMJUN011J0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: JUINN
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 44869

Footnotes

1. Guofang Wu & Steven E. Clemants "Juncaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 44. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Ralph E. Brooks, Steven E. Clemants "Juncus". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Juncus interior". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Mean = 592.070 meters (1,942.487 feet), Standard Deviation = 604.700 based on 761 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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