Jasminum sambac

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Shrub from India, with sweet-scented white flowers in single (pikake lahilahi), or double forms (pikake pupupu).

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Oleaceae

Trees or erect or scandent shrubs . Branches and branchlets lenticellate . Leaves opposite, rarely alternate or whorled , simple , trifoliolate , or pinnately compound , without stipules; venation pinnate or palmate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary , in cymes, panicles, racemes , umbels, or fascicles. Flowers actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual or polygamous and plants monoecious, dioecious, or polygamodioecious. Calyx 4(-16) -lobed or -parted, rarely absent. Corolla 4(-16) -lobed, sometimes almost free to base , rarely absent; lobes sometimes united in pairs at base or into a very short tube . Stamens 2(-4), inserted on corolla tube or hypogynous; anthers dehiscing longitudinally; pollen 3-colpate or 3-colporate. Ovary superior, 2-loculed; ovules 2 in each locule, sometimes 1 or numerous . Style 1 or absent; stigma 2-lobed or capitate. Fruit a drupe, berry, capsule, or samara. Seeds with straight embryo, with or without endosperm; radicle curved upward or downward.

About 28 genera and over 400 species: tropical , subtropical , and temperate regions of world, but mainly in Asia. China has 10 genera and 160 species (95 endemic) and is the center of diversity for the genera Forsythia, Syringa, Osmanthus, and Ligustrum.

Many genera are important economically: Fraxinus and Forsythia (medicinal, ornamental ) ; Jasminum, Osmanthus, and Syringa (spice, ornamental) ; Olea (oil ) ; and Fraxinus (timber) .[1]

Genus Jasminum

Trees or erect or scandent shrubs , evergreen or deciduous. Branchlets terete or angular and grooved . Leaves opposite or alternate, rarely whorled , simple , 3-foliolate, or odd-pinnate; petiole usually articulated. Inflorescences basically cymose , in panicles, racemes , corymbs, umbels, or heads ; bracts subulate or linear , sometimes leafy. Flowers bisexual , usually heterostylous, usually fragrant. Calyx campanulate , cupular, or funnelform , 4-16-lobed. Corolla white or yellow, rarely red or purple, salverform or funnelform; lobes 4-16, imbricate in bud, sometimes doubled in cultivation. Stamens 2, included , inserted about middle of corolla tube ; filaments short; anthers dorsifixed , introrse . Ovules 1 or 2 in each locule. Style filiform ; stigma capitate or 2-lobed. Fruit a berry, didymous or one half aborted. Seeds without endosperm; radicle downward.

More than 200 species: Africa, Asia, Australia, South Pacific Islands, one species in the Mediterranean region; 43 species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of -7 meters (-22 feet).[3]

Biome: Coastal.

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 6-9" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Outdoors: partial sun. Indoors: partial to full sun .

Moisture: Water Requirements: Water regularly spring through fall , less in fall and winter.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Nyctanthes sambac Linnaeus

Notes

Publishing author : [Soland.] Publication : Hortus Kew. (W. Aiton) 1: 8 1789

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Jasminum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 39 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

J. adenophyllum (Bluegrape Jasmine) · J. aemulum (Malulee) · J. angulare (South African Jasmine) · J. beesianum (Beesianum Jasmine) · J. dichotomum (Everblooming Jasmine) · J. elongatum (Ear-Leaf Jasmine) · J. floridum (Florida Yellow Jasmine) · J. fluminense (Azores Jasmine) · J. fruticans (Shrubby Jasmine) · J. humile (Italian Yellow Jasmine) · J. humile f. wallichianum (Dr. Wallichs Nipal Jasmine) · J. humile var. revolutum (Italian Jasmine) · J. laurifolium f. nitidum (Confederate Jasmine) · J. mesnyi (Chinese Jasmine) · J. molle (Indian Jui) · J. multiflorum (Angel Hair Jasmine) · J. nitidum (Angel Wing Jasmine) · J. nudiflorum (Winter Jasmine) · J. nudiflorum 'Mystique' (Winter Jasmine) · J. odoratissimum (Florida Jasmine) · J. officinale (Poet's Jasmine) · J. officinale 'Argenteovariegatum' (Variegated Jasmine) · J. officinale 'Fiona Sunrise' (Poets Jasmine) · J. officinale 'Grandiflorum' (Spanish Jasmine) · J. parkeri (Dwarf Flowering Jasmine) · J. polyanthum (French Perfume) · J. rex (Jasminum Rex) · J. sambac (Arabian Jasmine) · J. sambac var. kerianum (Arabian Jasmine) · J. sambac var. nemocalyx (Arabian Jasmine) · J. sambac 'Belle of India' (Asiatic Jasmine) · J. sambac 'Grand Duke' (Arabian Jasmine) · J. sambac 'Grand Duke of Tuscany' (Asiatic Jasmine) · J. sambac 'Maid of India' (Arabian Jasmine) · J. sambac 'Maid of Orleans' (Asiatic Jasmine) · J. simplicifolium (Wax Jasmine) · J. simplicifolium suavissimum (Jasmine) · J. tortuosum (African Jasmine) · J. volubile (Wax Jasmine)

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Further Reading

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• A manual of scientific terms, pronouncing, etymological, and explanatory, chiefly comprising terms in botany, natural history, anatomy, medicine, and veterinary science, with an appendix of specific names. Designed for the use of by Rev. James Stormonth Edinburgh, Maclachlan and Stewart, 1885 url p. 225.
• A monograph of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) / physical features and geology by Charles W. Andrews; with descriptions of the fauna and flora by numerous contributors. London: Printed by order of the Trustees, 1900. url p. 181.
• About trees, shrubs, and climbing plants for South Africa; concise hints on the making of farm plantations, shrubberies. .. Maritzburg, 1919. url p. 107, p. 116, p. 117.
• American flower garden directory: containing practical directions for the culture of plants in the flower garden, hot-house, green-house, rooms, or parlour windows, for every month in the year. With a description of the plants most de Philadelphia: Carey and Hart, 1845. url p. 167.
• An encyclopaedia of gardening; comprising the theory and practice of horticulture, floriculture, arboriculture, and landscape-gardening, including all the latest improvements; a general history of gardening in all countries; and a By J.C. Loudon. London, Printed for Longman, Ross, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1828. url p. 933.
• An encyclopædia of gardening; comprising the theory and practice of horticulture, floriculture, arboriculture, and landscape-gardening, including all the latest improvements; a general history of gardening in all countries; and a By J.C. Loudon. .. illustrated with many hundred engravings on wood by Branston. London: Printed for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1827. url p. 933.
• An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants, Manila, Bureau of Printing, 1922-26. url p. 308.
• An illustrated dictionary of medicine, biology and allied sciences. .. by George M. Gould. 5th ed., with additions and corrections. PhiladelphiaP. Blakiston's Son1907 url p. 118, p. 320.
• Bulletin / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington: G.P.O., 1901-1913. url p. 198.
• Bulletin. Bureau of Plant Industry. U. S. Department of Agriculture. 1901-13. WashingtonGovt. Print. Off. url p. 198.
• Catalogue of economic plants in the collection of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1891. url .
• Check-list of the species of fishes known from the Philippine Archipelago, Manila, Bureau of printing, 1910. url p. 305, p. 422.
• Chinese materia medica. extensively revised from F. Porter Smith's work by G. A. Stuart. Shanghai?: Presbyterian Mission Press?, 1911? url p. 222, p. 485.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 9 1905 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 300, p. 301, p. 301, p. 319, p. 327, p. 399, p. 430, p. 445, p. 461, p. 543.
• Cooperative economic insect report. Hyattsville, MD. [etc.]Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Service. url p. 1124, p. 1130, p. 1156, p. 126, p. 18, p. 263, p. 421, p. 494, p. 636, p. 76.
• Flora Vitiensis nova: a new Flora of Fiji (spermatophytes only) / Albert C. Smith. Lawaii, Hawaii: Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, 1979- url p. 135.
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• Flora of Koh Chang: contributions to the knowledge of the vegetation in the Gulf of Siam / Copenhagen: B. Luno, 1900-1916. url .
• Freaks and marvels of plant life; or, Curiosities of vegetation. London, E. & J. B. Young[1881] url , .
• Hand-book of Indian flora; being a guide to all the flowering plants hitherto described as indigenous to the continent of India. [Madras?]Trabancore Sircar Press, 1864-69. url , , , , .
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• Journal of Hymenoptera research. Washington, D.C.: International Society of Hymenopterists, [1992- url p. 252.
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• Ornamental gardening in Florida, by Charles Torrey Simpson; a treatise on the decorative plants adapted to Florida and their cultivation, with suggestions for the ornamentation of Florida homes and grounds. Little River, Fla., The author, 1916. url p. 193, p. 193.
• Oxford gardens, based upon Daubeny's Popular guide to the physick garden of Oxford: with notes on the gardens of the colleges and on the University park, by R. T. Günther. Oxford: Parker & son; [etc., etc.], 1912. url p. 112, p. 145.
• Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 423.
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• Report of a trip to India and the Orient in search of the natural enemies of the citrus white fly. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1913. url p. 26, p. 43, p. 57.
• Report of the proceedings of the third entomological meeting: held at Pusa on the 3rd to 15th February 1919 / edited by T. Bainbrigge Fletcher. Calcutta: Supt. of Government Printing, 1920. url p. 264, p. 278, p. 96.
• Report of the proceedings of the. .. Entomological Meeting. Calcutta: Superintendent government printing, India, 1917-23. url p. 264, p. 278, p. 843, p. 844, p. 96.
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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 11, 2007:

• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2655504
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-32970
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13746773
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:609755-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 20676
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 32970
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 609755-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDOLE06080
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: JASA
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 44741

Footnotes

1. Mei-chen Chang, Lien-ching Chiu, Zhi Wei & Peter S. Green "Oleaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 272. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Jasminum". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 307. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Standard Deviation = 122.150 based on 8 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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