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• Conservation Status
• Taxonomy
• Physical Description
• Distribution
• Landscaping
• Reproduction
• Growth
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes
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Overview:

Vulnerable

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List: VU Vulnerable

NatureServe: G2G4 Apparently SecureImperiled

History:

• 1997-Rare (Walter and Gillett 1998)

Threats:

• 1.1 Habitat Loss/Degradation - Agriculture (ongoing)

For info on these threat codes, see here.

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms:

1. Jacaranda acutifolia auct. non Humb. and Bonpl.

Notes:

Publishing author: Humb. & Bonpl. Publication: Pl. Aequin. i. 59. t. 17.

An accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication: J. Bellenden Ker, Bot. Reg. 8: t. 631. 1822

Name verified on 28-Jul-1995 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 08-Nov-2007

Physical Description

Family Bignoniaceae:

Trees, shrubs, or vines, climbers rarely herbs. Leaves opposite, alternate, or whorled, simple or pinnately compound, rarely palmately compound, without stipules, climbers usually with tendrils modified sometimes into hooks or suckers. Inflorescences cymose, paniculate, or racemose, terminal or axillary, rarely flowers borne on old stems; bracts and bractlets present, sometimes deciduous. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, usually large. Calyx campanulate or tubular, truncate, 2-5-dentate, or glandular subulate-dentate. Corolla campanulate or funnelform, usually bilabiate; lobes 5, imbricate or valvate. Fertile stamens 4 (didynamous) and staminode 1, or 2 and staminodes 3, rarely all 5 stamens fertile. Disc fleshy. Ovary superior, 2-locular, rarely 1- or 4-locular; placentation axile or parietal; ovules numerous. Style filiform; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule dehiscing loculicidally or septicidally, rarely fruit fleshy and indehiscent. Seeds numerous, usually winged or with tufts of hairs at both ends; endosperm absent.

About 116-120 genera and 650-750 species: mostly in tropical and subtropical regions; 12 genera and 35 species (21 endemic) in China.

Plants of the Bignoniaceae usually produce large flowers, and many species are widely cultivated in China as ornamentals. These include Arrabidaea magnifica Sprague ex Steenis, Campsis radicans (Linnaeus) Seemann, Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Engelmann, Clytostoma callistegioides (Chamisso) Bureau & Schumann, Crescentia alata Kunth, C. cujete Linnaeus, Jacaranda cuspidifolia Martius, J. mimosifolia D. Don, Kigelia africana (Lamarck) Bentham, Macfadyena unguis-cati (Linnaeus) A. H. Gentry, Pandorea jasminoides (Linnaeus) Schumann, Parmetiera cerifera Seemann, Podranea ricasoliana (Tanfani) Sprague, Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawler) Miers, Spathodea campanulata Beauvois, Stenolobium stans (Linnaeus) Seemann, Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacquin) G. Nicholson, T. rosea (Bertoloni) de Candolle, and Tecomaria capensis (Thunberg) Spach.^[1]

Genus Jacaranda:

Deciduous trees. Leaves 2-pinnate, with many leaflets. Flowers in terminal or axillary panicles, showy, blue to violet. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla campanulate, 2-lipped, 5-lobed; lobes subequal, spreading, obtuse. Stamens 4; staminode present. Capsule suborbicular, compressed, dehiscing by 2 woody valves. Seeds winged.

50 species. Native to S. & C. America and West Indies.^[2]

Habit: Deciduous.

Flowers: Bloom Period: March, April, May. • Flower Color: medium blue • Flower Conspicuous: Tubular flowers in large clusters

Foliage: Fern-like • Foliage Shape: Elliptic • Normal foliage color: Green • Underside foliage: Green • Juvenile foliage: Green • Mature foliage: Green • New foliage: Green • Spring foliage: Green • Summer foliage: Green • Fall foliage: Green

Images:

Distribution

Range and Population

Caribbean

Native: .

Landscaping

Care: Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system. Watering can be reduced after establishment. Feed with a general purpose fertilizer before new growth begins in spring.

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 30-40' apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun.

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High • Water Requirements: Once established needs only occasional water.

Temperature: Heat Zones: High: 12 (>210 days) Low:10 (>150 to 180 days) (map) • Cold Hardiness: 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Similar Species

Members of the genus Jacaranda:

There are approximately 150 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: J. caucana calycina · J. abbottii · J. acutifolia non · J. alagoensis · J. alba · J. amazonensis · J. arborea · J. arrabidae · J. arvensis · J. atrolilacina · J. atropurpurea · J. bahamensis · J. bahiensis · J. bracteata · J. brasiliana · J. bullata · J. caerulea · J. campinae · J. carajasensis · J. caroba · J. caroba var. oxyphylla · J. caroliniana · J. caucana · J. caucana glabrata · J. caucana sandwithiana · J. caucana subsp. calycina · J. caucana subsp. glabrata · J. caucana subsp. sandwithiana · J. cauliflora · J. chapadensis · J. chelonia · J. clausseniana · J. coerulea · J. copaia · J. copaia spectabilis · J. copaia subsp. spectabilis · J. copaia var. paraensis · J. copaia var. spectabilis · J. corcovadensis · J. cowellii · J. crassifolia · J. crystallana · J. cuiralis · J. curialis · J. cuspidifolia · J. cuspidifolia var. calycina · J. decurrens (Ground Jacaranda) · J. decurrens subsp. symmetrifoliolata · J. decurrens symmetrifoliolata · J. decurrens var. glabrata · J. densicoma · J. digitaliflora · J. digitaliflora var. albiflora · J. duckei · J. echinata · J. egleri · J. ekmanii · J. elegans · J. elliptica · J. endotricha · J. filicifolia · J. filicifolia var. puberula · J. glabra · J. gloxiniaeflora · J. gloxiniiflora · J. goiasensis · J. gomesiana · J. grandifoliolata · J. gualanday · J. hebephora · J. hesperia · J. heterophylla · J. heteroptila · J. hirsuta · J. intermedia · J. intricata · J. irwinii · J. jasminoides (Maroon Jacaranda) · J. lancifolia · J. lasiogyne · J. lilacina · J. longiflora · J. macrantha · J. macrocarpa · J. mendoncaei · J. micrantha · J. microcalyx · J. mimosaefolia · J. mimosifolia (Bignonia) · J. montana · J. morii · J. mutabilis · J. mutabilis f. integra · J. mutabilis f. subcoaetanea · J. mutabilis var. angustiflora · J. mutabilis var. genuina · J. mutabilis var. parvifolia · J. nitida · J. obovata · J. obtusifolia

Bibliography

• Arce, S.J.P., Estenssoro, C.S. and Ergueta, S.P. 1987. Diagnóstico del estado de la flora, fauna y communidades importantes para la conservación. Centro de Datos para la Conservación, La Paz.
• Chebez, Juan Carlos. 1994. Los que se van. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Albatros.
• D'Arcy, W.G. 1987. Flora of Panama: checklist and index. Monographs in Systematic Botany 17: 1-1000.
• Gentry, A. H. 1982. Flora de Veracruz. (F Veracruz) 24:115–118. [introduced].
• Gentry, A. H. 1992. Bignoniaceae - Part II (Tribe Tecomeae). In: Organization for Flora Neotropica, ed., Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 25(2):88.
• Gentry, A.H. 1992. Bignoniaceae - Part II (Tribe Tecomeae).
• Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12. (Weeds SAfr 2001)
• Luna, R. K. 1996. Plantation trees. (Plantation Trees)
• Prado, D.E. 1995. Selva pedemontana: contexto regional y lista florística de un ecosistema en peligro. In: A.D. Brown and H.R. Grau (eds) Investigación, Conservación y Desarollo en Selvas Subtropicales de Montaña, pp.19-52.
• Rev. Mus. La Plata, Secc. Bot. 9:294–297.
• Tao Deding & Yin Wenqing. 1990. Bignoniaceae. In: Wang Wentsai, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 69: 1-62.
• Terrell, E. E. et al. 1986. Agric. Handb. no. 505. (AH 505)
• Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds. (Invasive Pl Spec)

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Notes

Contributors:

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed November 1, 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 31, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 25, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
• SysTax, SysTax
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers:

• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 34320
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13747746
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:130936-2
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDBIG0B010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: JAAC
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 39498

Footnotes:

1. Zhi-Yun Zhang & Thawatchai Santisuk "Bignoniaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 213. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
2. "Jacaranda". in Flora of Pakistan . Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.