Isodendrion pyrifolium

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes

Overview

Critically Endangered

Common Names

Description

Family Violaceae

Herbs annual or perennial , shrubs , or subshrubs , sometimes scandent , rarely small trees . Leaves simple , usually alternate, sometimes opposite, with small or leaflike stipules, petiolate , margin entire , serrate, or dissected . Flowers bisexual or unisexual , rarely polygamous, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, solitary or in axillary or terminal , spicate , paniculate , or racemose inflorescences, 2-bracteolate, sometimes cleistogamous . Sepals 5, equal or unequal, imbricate, persistent . Petals 5, imbricate or convolute, unequal, anterior one usually larger than others, saccate , gibbous or spurred at base . Stamens 5; anthers erect , free or connivent or connate , connectives often dilated into membranous appendages ; filaments very short or absent, anterior 2 stamens with spurlike nectary at base. Ovary superior, 1-loculed, 3-5-carpelled, syncarpous , with 3-5 parietal placentae each with 1 to many anatropous ovules ; style simple; stigmas variously shaped. Fruit a loculicidal capsule, usually with elastic and abaxially carinate valves , rarely baccate . Seeds often carunculate; testa hard, nitid , often with oily bodies, sometimes alate ; endosperm copious , fleshy ; embryo erect.

Twenty-two genera and 900-1000 species: worldwide, but particularly in tropical regions ; three genera and 101 species (36 endemic, three introduced ) in China.Yousheng Chen, Qiner Yang, Hideaki Ohba & Vladimir V. Nikitin "Violaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 72, 138. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,916 meters (0 to 9,567 feet).Mean = 378.320 meters (1,241.207 feet), Standard Deviation = 393.260 based on 3,875 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre.

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Isodendrion hawaiiense St. John
2. Isodendrion hillebrandii St. John
3. Isodendrion lanaiense St. John
4. Isodendrion molokaiense St. John
5. Isodendrion pyrifolium A. Gray, 1854
6. Isodendrion pyrifolium Gray
7. Isodendrion remyi St. John

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000.

Place of publication : Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 2:324. 1852

Name verified on 29-Feb-2000 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 03-Apr-2003

Similar Species

Members of the genus Isodendrion

There are approximately 5 species in this genus:

I. christensenii · I. hosakae (Aupaka) · I. laurifolium (Aupaka) · I. longifolium (Aupaka) · I. pyrifolium (Wahine Noho Kula)

Bibliography

• (2001). NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, Virginia. Version 1.4. http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/. Accessed: 2002.
• Hillebrand, W. 1888. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands: a description of their phanerogams and vascular cryptogams. Carl Winter, Heidelberg, Germany; Williams and Norgate, London; B. Westermann and Co., New York. 673p.
• Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. (L US Can ed2)
• Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the U.S., Canada, and Greenland. In: Kartesz, J.T.; Meacham, C.A., editors. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden. Chapel Hill, NC.
• MISC. 2001. Maui Invasive Species Committee (MISC), Pulling Together Initiative. 2002 Project Proposal. Submitted to the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. p.14.
• St. John, H. 1952. Monograph of the genus Isodendrion (Violaceae). Hawaiian plant studies 21. Pacific Science. 6: 213-255.
• St. John, H. 1973. List and summary of the flowering plants in the Hawaiian islands. (L Hawaii)
• USFWS. 2002. Designations of Critical Habitat for Plant Species From the Island of Hawaii, Hawaii. Federal Register. 67, 102: 36968-37016.
• USFWS. 2002. Pacific Islands Project Highlights: Kona Dryland Forest Project. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: Pacific Islands. Web page.
• USFWS. 2002. Revised Determinations of Prudency and Proposed Designations of Critical Habitat for Plant Species From the Island of Lanai, HI. Federal Register. 67, 42: 9806-9871.
• United States Fish and Wildlife Service. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Species Information: threatened and endangered animals and plants - on-line resource. (US Fish & Wildl List)
• Wagner, W. L. et al. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i. (F Hawaii)
• Wagner, W. L. et al. 1999. Hawaiian vascular plants at risk:1999. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 60:52.
• Wagner, W.L.; Herbst, D.R.; Sohmer, S.H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i--Revised Edition. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press and Bishop Museum Press. 1853p.
• Wang Chingrui. 1991. Violaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 51: i-v, 1-148.

More Info

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Notes

Contributors

• African Regional Workshop (Conservation and Sustainable Management of Trees, Zimbabwe) 1998. Pericopsis elata. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
• Barneby RC and Forero E, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
• Barneby RC & Forero E, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
• Barneby RC & Grimes JW (Monograph 1996/97), 2001-05 (from ILDIS).
• Barneby RC and Forero E, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
• Behnke Nurseries, Potomac MD USA
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/]. Access date: Nov 23, 2005
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• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed September 17, 2007.
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• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed January 27, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
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• Heyn CC and Heller D 1991/1993 (from ILDIS).
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• Nielsen IC and Rico ML, 1994 (from ILDIS).
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• Nielsen IC and Rico ML, 1994 (from ILDIS World Database of Legumes).
• Ocean Biogeographic Information System. Accessed March 01, 2006. www.iobis.org
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Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 02, 2008:

• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2648048
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-22204
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13741690
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:866934-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 320456
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 22204
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 866934-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDVIO030B0
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Identifier: Q1XK
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ISRE
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 44519

Footnotes

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