Overview
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Threatened |
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Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Aupaka, Longleaf Isodendrion
Description
Family Violaceae
Herbs annual
or perennial
, shrubs
, or subshrubs
, sometimes scandent
, rarely small trees
. Leaves simple
, usually alternate, sometimes opposite, with small or leaflike stipules, petiolate
, margin
entire, serrate, or dissected
. Flowers bisexual
or unisexual
, rarely polygamous, actinomorphic
or zygomorphic, solitary or in axillary
or terminal
, spicate
, paniculate
, or racemose inflorescences, 2-bracteolate, sometimes cleistogamous
. Sepals 5, equal or unequal, imbricate, persistent
. Petals 5, imbricate or convolute, unequal, anterior one usually larger than others, saccate
, gibbous
or spurred
at base
. Stamens 5; anthers
erect
, free
or connivent or connate
, connectives
often dilated
into membranous appendages
; filaments
very short or absent, anterior 2 stamens with spurlike nectary
at base. Ovary superior, 1-loculed, 3-5-carpelled, syncarpous
, with 3-5 parietal
placentae each with 1 to many anatropous ovules
; style simple; stigmas variously shaped. Fruit a loculicidal capsule, usually with elastic and abaxially carinate
valves
, rarely baccate
. Seeds often carunculate; testa hard, nitid
, often with oily bodies, sometimes alate
; endosperm copious
, fleshy
; embryo erect.
Twenty-two genera and 900-1000 species: worldwide, but particularly in tropical regions
; three genera and 101 species (36 endemic, three introduced
) in China.[1]
Physical Description
Habit: Shrub
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Rosidae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Violanae
()
- R. Dahlgren Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Malpighiales
()
- C. Martius, 1835
- Family:
Violaceae
()
- Batsch, 1802
- violets, violettes
- Subfamily:
Violoideae
()
- Tribe:
Rinoreeae
()
- Subtribe:
Isodendriinae
()
- Genus:
Isodendrion
()
- A. Gray, 1852
- Specific epithet:
longifolium
- A.Gray
- Botanical name: - Isodendrion longifolium A.Gray
- Specific epithet:
longifolium
- A.Gray
- Genus:
Isodendrion
(
- Subtribe:
Isodendriinae
(
- Tribe:
Rinoreeae
(
- Subfamily:
Violoideae
(
- Family:
Violaceae
(
- Order:
Malpighiales
(
- Superorder:
Violanae
(
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Isodendrion maculatum St. John
Notes
Publishing author
: A.Gray Publication
: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts
ii.
(1852) 324
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Isodendrion
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 4 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
I. hosakae (Aupaka) · I. laurifolium (Aupaka) · I. longifolium (Aupaka) · I. pyrifolium (Wahine Noho Kula)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- 1997 IUCN red list of threatened plants Cambridge: IUCN, World Conservation Union, 1998 url p. 601.
- Flora of the Hawaiian islands: a description of their phanerogams and vascular cryptogams /by William Hillebrand; annotated and published after the author's death by W.F. Hillebrand. 1888 London: New York: Williams & Norgate; B. Westermann, 1888. url p. 18.
- Minnesota botanical studies. Minneapolis, Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota. url p. 857.
- The Hawaiian forester and agriculturist; quarterly magazine of forestry, entomology, plant inspection and animal industry. Honolulu, Advertiser pub. co., ltd. [etc.] url p. 87.
- Torreya. Burlington, Vt., Torrey Botanical Club, 1901-1945. url p. 4.
- Wang Chingrui. 1991. Violaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 51: i-v, 1-148.
Notes
Contributors
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 02, 2008:
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2648047
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-22200
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13741608
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:866930-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 416317
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 22200
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 866930-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDVIO03070
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Identifier: Q109
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ISMA2
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 44521
Footnotes
- Yousheng Chen, Qiner Yang, Hideaki Ohba & Vladimir V. Nikitin "Violaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 72, 138. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
