Ipomoea hederacea

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Convolvulaceae

Herbs or shrubs , usually with twining or climbing stems or erect , often with milky juice. Leaves alternate, simple , entire, dissected , or compound , absent in parasitic species. Flowers solitary, axillary or in cymes, racemes , panicles, umbels, or capitula, bisexual , actinomorphic , usually 5-merous, often showy. Sepals free , often persistent , sometimes enlarged in fruit. Corolla sympetalous , funnelform , campanulate , salverform , or urceolate ; limb subentire or deeply lobed . Stamens alternating with corolla lobes , adnate to corolla; filaments filiform , equal or unequal in length ; anthers introrse , laterally and longitudinally dehiscing; pollen smooth or finely spiny . Disc ringlike or cupular. Ovary superior, mostly 2-carpellate, 1- or 2-loculed, rarely 3- or 4-loculed; ovules basal, erect. Styles 1 or 2, terminal (gynobasic in Dichondra) or very short or absent; stigma entire or 2- (or 3) -lobed, rarely peltate. Fruit a capsule, dehiscing by valves , circumscissile, or irregularly shattering, less often a berry or nutlike. Seeds usually trigonous , smooth or pubescent .

About 58 genera and 1650 species: widely distributed in tropical , subtropical , and temperate regions ; 20 genera and 129 species in China.

Aniseia biflora (Linnaeus) Choisy and A. stenantha (Dunn) Ling, recognized in the Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin., are here treated as Ipomoea biflora and I. fimbriosepala, respectively, because both have pantoporate and spinulose pollen. Strictly speaking, Aniseia is a neotropical genus of about five species, of which A. martinicensis (Jacquin) Choisy is widely naturalized as a common weed in rice paddies in Thailand and other southeast Asian countries. It will probably be found in S China eventually.

The family is important in China for food plants (Ipomoea batatas (Linnaeus) Lamarck and I. aquatica Forsskål), several ornamentals (Ipomoea), several medicinal plants (Erycibe, Ipomoea, Cuscuta, Merremia, Dichondra, Evolvulus), and numerous noxious weeds (Cuscuta, Calystegia, Convolvulus) .

Pollen aperture type and surface ornamentation are important characters in the classification of Convolvulaceae at the generic level and above. The most critical feature of the pollen is whether the grain surface is spiny or not. This distinction separates the eight tribes recognized by Austin (Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60: 306-412. 1973) into two rather cohesive groups. A low magnification (20 ) is adequate for discerning the presence or absence of minute spines on the surface.

For the successful identification of Convolvulaceae, both flowering and fruiting material should be collected. The first key to genera requires adequate fertile material with both flowers and fruit, and requires use of a pollen character. The second key may be used as an aid to identification where material is lacking flowers or fruit, but in some instances it is still partially dependent upon having both flowers and fruit.[1]

Genus Ipomoea

Herbs or shrubs , often twining , sometimes prostrate , erect , or floating. Leaves petiolate , entire, lobed , or divided . Inflorescences mostly axillary , cymose , 1- to many flowered, rarely paniculate ; bracts various. Flowers small to large. Sepals persistent , equal to unequal, ± enlarged in fruit. Corolla variously colored , rarely yellow, funnelform , campanulate , or salverform ; limb 5-lobed to entire, midpetaline bands well defined. Stamens included or exserted; filaments filiform , usually unequal, dilated and pubescent basally; anthers ovate or linear , longitudinally dehiscent , not twisted; pollen globular, pantoporate , finely spiny . Disc ringlike. Ovary 2-4-loculed, 4- or 6-ovuled. Style 1, filiform, included or exserted; stigma capitate, or 2- or 3-globulose. Capsule globose or ovoid , 4- or 6-valved. Seeds 4(-6) or fewer, glabrous or pubescent.

Approximately 500 species: widely distributed in tropical to warm temperate regions , especially of North and South America; 29 species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,029 meters (0 to 6,657 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Growth

Culture: Space 6-9" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Ipomoea barbigera Sweet
2. Ipomoea cairica hederacea Hallier F.
3. Ipomoea desertorum House
4. Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula Gray
5. Ipomoea hirsutula auct. non Jacq. F.
6. Pharbitis barbigera (Sweet) G. Don
7. Pharbitis hederacea (Jacq.) Choisy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Collectanea 1:124. 1787 ("1786"); Icon. pl. rar. 1: t. 36. 1787 ("1781-1786")

Name verified on 17-Apr-1987 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 04-Aug-2006

Similar Species

Members of the genus Ipomoea

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1572 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

I. abrupta (Bush Yam) · I. abscissa · I. abutilodes · I. abutilodes var. hartwegiana · I. abutilodes var. kunthiana · I. abutiloides · I. abyssinica · I. acanthocarpa · I. acaponetensis · I. acetosaefolia · I. acetosaefolia var. longifolia · I. acetosellaefolia · I. acetosellifolia · I. acetosifolia · I. aculeata · I. aculeata var. heterophylla · I. acuminata · I. acuminata 'Blue Dawn' (Blue Dawn Morning Glory) · I. acutangula · I. acutiflora · I. acutisepala · I. adenioides (Trumpet Flower Morning Glory) · I. adumbrata · I. aegopoda · I. aegyptia · I. aequisepala · I. affinis · I. afra · I. afzelii · I. aitoni · I. aitonii · I. 'Akatsuki no Hikari' (Morning Glory) · I. 'Akatsuki No Murasaki' · I. alata · I. alatipes · I. alba (Tropical White Morning-Glory) · I. alba 'Giant White' · I. alba 'Meekerii' (Moonflower) · I. albidiflora · I. albiflora · I. albivenia (Wild Cotton) · I. alexandrae · I. alpina · I. alterniflora · I. althoffiana · I. altissima · I. alulata · I. amambayensis · I. ambigua · I. amnicola (Red-Center Morning-Glory) · I. amoena · I. amoenula · I. ampamana · I. amparoana · I. ampelopsifolia · I. amplexicaulis · I. ampliata · I. ampullacea (Ipomoea) · I. anceps · I. ancisa · I. andersonii (Morning Glory) · I. andongensis · I. androyensis · I. anemophoba · I. angularis · I. angulata · I. angulata var. gnidoides · I. angulata var. latifolia · I. angulata var. linearis · I. angustata · I. angustifolia · I. angustisecta · I. angustisepala · I. anisomeres · I. anisomeres var. sagittiformis · I. antillana · I. antonschmidii · I. aphylla · I. apiculata · I. aprica · I. aquatica (White-Flowering Kangkong) · I. arachnoidea · I. arachnosperma (Ipomoea) · I. arborea · I. arborescens (Tree Morning Glory) · I. arborescens var. pachylutea · I. arenaria · I. arenicola · I. argentaurata · I. argentea · I. argentifolia · I. argentina · I. argentinensis · I. argentinica · I. argillicola (Ipomoea) · I. argyreia · I. argyreioides · I. argyrophylla · I. aristolochiaefolia · I. aristolochiifolia

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Further Reading

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• Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. New York, New York Academy of Sciences, 1879- ENG url p. 204.
• Annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of New York state, by Homer D. House. Albany, The University of the state of New York, 1924. ENG url p. 576.
• Austin, D. F. & Z. Huáman. 1996. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45:7.
• Austin, D. F. 1986. Nomenclature of the Ipomoea nil complex (Convolvulaceae). Taxon 35:356.
• Austin, D. F. 1998. Convolvulaceae. Morning glory family. J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 30:69.
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• Catalogus plantarum quae in horto Aksakoviano coluntur / Katalog rastenii, nakhodiashchikhsia v sadu Nikolaia Timofeevicha Aksakova v Penzenskoi gubernii / privel v poriadok E. Regel. auctore E. Regel = S.-P.-B. [i.e. Saint Petersburg]: V tipografii Ministerstva vnytrennikh giel, 1860. LAT url p. 132.
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• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. (Zander ed13) [= Pharbitis hederacea (Jacq.) Choisy].
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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 21, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 17 providers.
• Light, Kris. East Tennessee Wildflowers
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 21, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
• GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
• , Vascular Plant Herbarium
• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Institute of Genetics, ROIS, Herbarium Specimens of Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo Pref., Japan
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3876555
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-503177
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14374962
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:268998-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 20172
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 503177
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDCON0A1V0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PHBA5
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 44113

Footnotes

1. Ruizheng Fang & George Staples "Convolvulaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 271. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Clifton E. Nauman "Ipomoea". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 301. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 217.350 meters (713.091 feet), Standard Deviation = 261.950 based on 997 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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