Ilex decidua (Deciduous Holly)

Overview

Yellow fruited selection of Possumhaw Holly.

This is a yellow-fruited selection that reportedly holds the fruit for a long period.

Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in English:

Deciduous Holly, Possum Haw, Possum Haw Holly, Possumhaw

Common Names in unspecified:

Possumhaw

Description

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Genus Ilex

Usually dioecious shrubs or trees . Leaves coriaceous , often spinose and shiny above; stipules caducous . Flowers 4-5-merous, bisexual or unisexual with vestigial remains of either sex. Corolla rotate. Style absent or obsolete , stigma lobed . Drupe fleshy , pyrenes 2-5, rarely more.

400 species, tropical and subtropical areas of both hemispheres. Represented in Pakistan by 2 species (excluding 1 cultivated species) .[1]

Physical Description

ID Features: Alternate leaf arrangement. Dense, rigid, multibranched habit. Deciduous. Red fruit. Small, imbricate buds, brown. Tiny white flowers. Yellow fall color. Suckers.

Habit: A deciduous, multibranched and multi-stemmed small tree . Branches are held horizontally. Suckers .

Flowers: Tiny, white flowers. Dioecious. Not ornamentally important. • Bloom Period: June. • Flower Color: near white, white

Seeds: Fruit: Bright yellow fruit on female plants only. 0.25' in diameter. Ripen in September. Showy. Persists.

Foliage: Tiny, narrow, dark green, shallowly toothed , oval to ovate glossy evergreen . • Summer foliage: Alternate leaf arrangement . Simple , deciduous leaves. 1.5" to 3" long. Cuneate leaf margins. Dark green leaf color. Pubescent . • Fall foliage: Yellow fall color.

Size/Age/Growth

Growth Rate: Slow. • Size: 9' to 18' tall and slightly less as wide.

Landscaping

Landscape Uses: As a foundation plant. Hedges . Borders . In mass planting . Screen . Winter fruit effect. Patio tree . Wet sites. • Liabilities: No serious pest problems. Can become leggy . • Care: Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system . Feeding should be done in early spring or late autumn with a fertilizer formulated for acid-loving broad-leaved evergreens, such as cottonseed meal , rhododendron fertilizer, Miracid®, etc. If pruning becomes necessary, do it in early spring before new growth begins, trimming towards a symmetrical shape .

Habitat

Zone 5.

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,401 meters (0 to 7,877 feet).[2]

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Prefers acidic soil. Tolerates wet sites. Full sun to partial shade.

Soil: Requires well-drained, slightly acid, fertile soil. • Minimum pH: 4.5 • Maximum pH: 6.0

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Moisture: Water Requirements: Keep the soil moist during the summer growing season , but allow it to dry somewhat in early fall to allow the new growth to mature enough to resist winter damage.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Brongniart, 1843
        Subclass: Asteridae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Celastranae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Order: Aquifoliales () - Senft, 1856
        Family: Aquifoliaceae () - Bercht. & J. Presl, 1825, nom. cons.
        Genus: Ilex () - C. Linnaeus, 1753 - Holly
        Specific epithet: decidua - Walt.
        Botanical name: - Ilex decidua Walt.

Synonyms

Ilex curtissii (Fern.) Small • Ilex decidua var. curtissii Fern.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Ilex

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 299 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

More Info

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The ecology of the Apalachicola Bay system: an estuarine profile / by Robert J. Livingston (Department of Biological Science, Florida State University); prepared for National Coastal Ecosystems Team, Division of Biological Services, Research and Development, Fish an Washington, D.C.: The Service, [1984] url p. 21.
The flora of Tennessee and a philosophy of botany: respectfully dedicated to the citizens of Tennessee / by Augustin Gattinger. Nashville: Press of Gospel Advocate Pub. Co., 1901. url p. 115, p. 25.
The ornithology of Illinois. Part I. Descriptive catalogue. By Robert Ridgway. Part II. Economic ornithology. By S. A. Forbes. Pub. by the authority of the state Legislature. Springfield, Ill.: H. W. Rokker, printer, 1889-95. url p. 10, p. 10, p. 17.
The silva of North America a description of the trees which grow naturally in North America exclusive of Mexico / by Charles Sprague Sargent; illustrated with figures and analyses drawn from nature by Charles Edward Faxon and engraved by Philibert and Eugè ne Picart. Boston;Houghton, Mifflin, 1891 url .
The silva of North America: a description of the trees which grow naturally in North America exclusive of Mexico /by Charles Sprague Sargent. .. illustrated with figures and analyses drawn from nature by Charles Edward Faxon. .. 1 1891 Boston, New York: Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1891-1902. url p. 113, p. 118, p. 127, p. 98, p. xi, tab. XLIX.
The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 1641, p. 2691, p. 2695, p. 2696, p. 2698, p. 2699.
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Notes

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Contributors

Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed May 2, 2012.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 21, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 10 providers.
Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 24, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 21, 2007:

Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México
Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2651768
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-27998
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13743511
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:83222-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 19700
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 27998
International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 83222-1
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAQU010E0
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ILDEC
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 57

Footnotes

"Ilex". in Flora of Pakistan Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Mean = 145.480 meters (477.297 feet), Standard Deviation = 153.840 based on 816 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

Ilex decidua

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Description

Genus Ilex

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Similar Species

Members of the genus Ilex

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