Ilex ambigua

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Genus Ilex

Usually dioecious shrubs or trees . Leaves coriaceous , often spinose and shiny above; stipules caducous . Flowers 4-5-merous, bisexual or unisexual with vestigial remains of either sex. Corolla rotate. Style absent or obsolete , stigma lobed . Drupe fleshy , pyrenes 2-5, rarely more.

400 species, tropical and subtropical areas of both hemispheres. Represented in Pakistan by 2 species (excluding 1 cultivated species) .[1]

Physical Description

Landscaping

Care: Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system . Feeding should be done in early spring or late autumn with a fertilizer formulated for acid-loving broad-leaved evergreens, such as cottonseed meal , rhododendron fertilizer, Miracid®, etc. If pruning becomes necessary, do it in early spring before new growth begins, trimming towards a symmetrical shape .

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,737 meters (0 to 5,699 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 36-48" apart. Propagate from cuttings. Plant your holly in early spring , before new growth begins and mulch with a 2- to 4-inch layer of wood chips , sawdust, pine needles , ground bark or other coarse material to keep the roots cool and moist.

Soil: Requires well-drained, slightly acid, fertile soil.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to partial shade. Although semi-shade is preferable in midsummer, the more light it has the more dense its foliage will be.

Moisture: Water Requirements: Keep the soil moist during the summer growing season , but allow it to dry somewhat in early fall to allow the new growth to mature enough to resist winter damage.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Ilex beadlei Ashe • Ilex buswellii Small • Ilex caroliniana Trel. Ex Small • Ilex montana var. beadlei (Ashe) Fern. • Ilex montana var. mollis (Gray) Britt.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Ilex

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 299 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

I. ambigua (Carolina Holly) · I. ambigua f. channellii (Carolina Holly) · I. ambigua f. mollis (Carolina Holly) · I. ambigua f. montana (Carolina Holly) · I. amelanchier (Sarvis Holly) · I. anomala (Hawai'i Holly) · I. aquifolium (Broad-Leaved Silver Holly) · I. aquifolium f. albopicta (English Holly) · I. aquifolium f. aureopicta (English Holly) · I. aquifolium var. Siberia Limsi (Siberian English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Alaska' (English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Angustifolia' (Narrowleaf English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Argenteo-marginata' (Variegated English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Big Bull' (English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Campus Variegated' (Campus Variegated Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Ciliata Major' (Ciliata Major English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Crispa Aurea' (English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Ferox Argentea' (Silver Hedgehog English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Golden Milkboy' (English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Gold Coast' (English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Lichtenthalii' (Narrowleaf English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Lily Gold' (English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Monler' (Sparkler® English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Monvila' (Gold Coast® English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Moonlight' (English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Myrtifolia' (English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Northern Lights' (Holly 'northern Lights') · I. aquifolium 'Pendula' (Weeping Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Phantom Gold' (English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Pinto' (English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Silver Milkmaid' (English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Silver Queen' (English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Teufel's Zero' (English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Twenty Below' (English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Variegata' (English Holly) · I. aquifolium 'Yule Glow' (English Holly) · I. attenuata (Topal Holly) · I. attenuata f. buxtonica (Topel Holly) · I. attenuata 'Iabof' (Holly 'iabof') · I. cassine (Dahoon) · I. cassine f. glabra (Dahoon Holly) · I. cassine f. hirtella (Dahoon Holly) · I. cassine var. cassine (Dahoon) · I. cassine var. latifolia (Dahoon) · I. collina (Long-Stalked Holly) · I. cookii (Cook's Holly) · I. coriacea (Bay-Gail Holly) · I. cornuta (Chinese Holly) · I. cornuta x latifolia (Holly) · I. cornuta 'Berries Jubilee' (Berries Jubilee Holly) · I. cornuta 'Burfordii' (Burford Holly) · I. cornuta 'Burfordii Nana' (Dwarf Burford Holly) · I. cornuta 'Carissa' (Carissa Holly) · I. cornuta 'Carolina Sentinel' (Holly) · I. cornuta 'Dazzler' (Chinese Holly) · I. cornuta 'Dwarf Burford' (Dwarf Burford Chinese Holly) · I. cornuta 'National' (National Holly) · I. cornuta 'Needlepoint' (Needlepoint Holly) · I. cornuta 'O'spring' (Chinese Holly) · I. cornuta 'Rotunda' (Dwarf Chinese Holly) · I. cornuta 'Sunrise' (Sunrise Variegated Chinese Holly) · I. cornuta 'Willowleaf' (Chinese Holly) · I. creanata'Sky Pencil' (Sky Pencil Holly) · I. crenata (Box-Leaved Holly) · I. crenata f. multicrenata (Japanese Holly) · I. crenata var. convexa f. convexa (Box-Leaved Holly) · I. crenata var. Excelsa Schwoebel (Upright Schwoebel Holly) · I. crenata 'Steeds' (Steeds Japanese Holly) · I. crenata 'Beehive' (Box-Leaved Holly) · I. crenata 'Bennett's Compacta' (Bennett's Compact Holly) · I. crenata 'Chesapeake' (Chesapeake Holly) · I. crenata 'Dwarf Pagoda' (Box-Leaved Holly) · I. crenata 'Glory' (Box-Leaved Holly) · I. crenata 'Golden Gem' (Box-Leaved Holly) · I. crenata 'Golden Heller' (Golden Heller's Japanese Holly) · I. crenata'Green Luster' (Green Luster Japanese Holly) · I. crenata 'Green Lustre' (Box-Leaved Holly) · I. crenata 'Helleri' (Box-Leaved Holly) · I. crenata 'Hoogendorn' (Box-Leaved Holly) · I. crenata 'Ivory Tower' (Box-Leaved Holly) · I. crenata 'Jersey Pinnacle' (Box-Leaved Holly) · I. crenata 'Mariesii' (Box-Leaved Holly) · I. crenata 'Nigra' (Nigra Japanese Holly) · I. crenata 'Northern Beauty' (Northern Beauty Japanese Holly) · I. crenata 'Rocky Creek' (Box-Leaved Holly) · I. crenata 'Sentinel' (Box-Leaved Holly) · I. crenata 'Skypencil' (Japanese Holly) · I. crenata 'Sky Pencil' (Box-Leaved Holly) · I. crenata 'Snowflake' (Box-Leaved Holly) · I. crenata 'Soft Touch' (Box-Leaved Holly) · I. crenata 'Steed's Upright' (Japanese Holly) · I. crenata 'Variegata' (Box-Leaved Holly) · I. cuthbertii (Cuthbert's Holly) · I. cyrtura (Ilex) · I. decidua (Deciduous Holly) · I. decidua 'Council Fire' (Council Fire Deciduous Holly) · I. decidua 'Red Cascade' (Deciduous Holly) · I. decidua 'Red Escort' (Possum Haw Holly) · I. decidua 'Sentry' (Sentry Deciduous Holly) · I. decidua 'Warren's Red' (Deciduous Holly)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A practical guide to garden plants, containing descriptions of the hardiest and most beautiful annuals and biennials, hardy herbaceous and bulbous perennials, hardy water and bog plants, flowering and ornamental trees and shrubs, conife London;Longmans, Green, 1901. url p. 301.
• Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. New York, New York Academy of Sciences. url p. 100, p. 98.
• Annual report / Florida State Geological Survey. Tallahassee, Fla.: Capital Pub. Co., state printer, url p. 340.
• Bartonia;proceedings of the Philadelphia botanical club. .. 29 - 41 1957 - 19 Philadelphia, Philadelphia Botanical Club, Academy of Natural Sciences. url p. 15, p. 16.
• Botany for academies and colleges: consisting of plant development and structure from seaweed to clematis, Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott company, 1889. url .
• Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. New YorkAmerican Museum of Natural History1881- url p. 100.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 16 1889 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870-1996 url p. 202.
• Chapman, A. W. Flora of the southern United States:containing abridged descriptions of the flowering plants and ferns of Tennessee, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida: arranged according to the natural system /By A. W. Chapman, the ferns by Prof. Daniel C. Eaton. 1860 N. Y.: Ivison, Phinney, 1860. url p. 269.
• Economic botany of Alabama. University, Ala., 1913-1928. url p. 247.
• Field, forest, and garden botany, a simple introduction to the common plants of the United States east of the Mississippi, both wild and cultivated. New York, Ivison, Phinney, Blakeman, 1869. url p. 219.
• Flora of the Southern United States: containing an abridged description of the flowering plants and ferns of Tennessee, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida: arranged according to the natural system. New York, Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & Co., [c1883] url .
• Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url p. 412.
• Florida trees; a handbook of the native and naturalized trees of Florida, by John Kinkel Small. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 62.
• Gray's School and field book of botany: consisting of "Lessons in botany" and "Field, forest, and garden botany" bound in one volume / New York: Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & Co., 1875. url .
• Gray's school and field book of botany, consisting of "Lessons in botany, " and "Field, forest, and garden botany, " bound in one volume / by Asa Gray... New York: American Book co., [1887] url p. 219.
• Hand-list of Coniferae: grown in the Royal botanic gardens. London: Printed for H. M. Stationery off. by Darling & son, Ltd., 1903. url p. 79.
• Hand-list of trees and shrubs, excluding Coniferae, grown in Arboretum. LondonPrinted for H.M. Stationery Off., by Darling1902 url p. 79.
• Holly, yew & box, with notes on other evergreens, by W. Dallimore, and 175 illustrations. The descriptions of the varieties of the common holly are based on the monograph by Thomas Moore. London, John Lane company, 1908. url p. 144.
• Johnson's Gardeners' dictionary and cultural instructor. London, A. T. De La Mare printing and publishing co., ltd.[1916] url p. 708.
• Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. Chapel Hill, N.C. [etc.]Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society [etc.] url p. 129, p. 138, p. 138.
• Native woody plants of the United States, their erosion-control and wildlife values. Washington, U. S. Govt. print. off., 1938. url p. 143.
• North American trees: being descriptions and illustrations of the trees growing independently of cultivation in North America, north of Mexico and the West Indies / New York: H. Holt and Co., 1908. url .
• North American trees; being descriptions and illustrations of the trees growing independently of cultivation in North America, north of Mexico and the West Indies; with the assistance of John Adolph Shafer. New YorkHolt1908 url p. 623.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 426, p. 461.
• Report of the United States Geological Survey of the territories. F.V. Hayden, United States geologist in charge. .. [Final reports or monographs. vol. I]-III, V-XIII. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1873-90. url .
• Synoptical flora of North America. New York, American Book Company, 1878-1895/97 [v.2, pt. 1, 1878] url p. 389, p. 389.
• The American botanist and florist, including lessons in the structure, life growth of plants, together with a simple analytical flora, descriptive of the native and cultivated plants growing in the Atlantic division of the American uni New York, Barnes[n.d.] url p. 208.
• The flora of Tennessee and a philosophy of botany: respectfully dedicated to the citizens of Tennessee / by Augustin Gattinger. Nashville: Press of Gospel Advocate Pub. Co., 1901. url p. 115.
• Transactions of the. .. annual meetings of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: Kansas Pub. House, 1883-1901. url p. 115, p. 98.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed May 2, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 21, 2007:

• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2651762
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-27987
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13743519
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:83027-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 452483
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 27987
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 83025-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAQU01010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ILAM
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 42441

Footnotes

1. "Ilex". in Flora of Pakistan Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 137.000 meters (449.475 feet), Standard Deviation = 187.960 based on 253 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.