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Hypericum calycinum

(Aaron's Beard, Aarons Beard, Creeping St Johnswort, Rose of Sharon)

Overview:

This temperate representative of the family lacks a milky or brightly colored latex and has bisexual flowers. However, the floral details are otherwise typical for the family.

Conservation Status

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Population Analysis

  • For the 835,580 species in the Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons), we average 4.30 observations each in our database; for the Creeping St Johnswort, we have 97 observations. Compared to other species in this Class, this species is moderately common.
  • A two-sample t-test can be used to determine whether the trend in observations of the Creeping St Johnswort is the same as the trend in observations of Magnoliopsida. Is this species just as common, as a proportion of all observations, as it once was? The answer is yes, changes in observation rate of this species do not significantly differ from changes in observation rate of its Class.

Uses as Product: Berry/Nut/Seed Product: No • Christmas Tree Product: No • Fodder Product: No • Fuelwood Product: None • Lumber Product: No • Naval Store Product: No • Nursery Stock Product: Yes • Post Product: No • Protein Potential: Low • Pulpwood Product: No • Veneer Product: No

Edibility: Palatable Browse Animal: Low • Palatable Graze Animal: Low • Palatable Human: No • Toxicity: None

Taxonomy

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Notes:

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication: Mant. pl. 1:106. 1767

Name verified on 30-Aug-2002 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 21-Jun-2007

Physical Description

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Genus Hypericum:

[Trees or] shrubs, subshrubs, or perennial herbs, glabrous or with simple hairs, with translucent ("pale") and often opaque, black or reddish ("dark") glands, laminar (immersed and sometimes abaxial) and marginal or intramarginal. Leaves opposite [or whorled], sessile or short petiolate, venation pinnate to palmate [or rarely dichotomous], margin entire or gland-fringed. Inflorescence cymose. Flowers bisexual, homostylous [or heterostylous], stellate or cupped. Sepals 5 and quincuncial or rarely 4 and decussate, unequal or equal, free or partly united. Petals (4 or) 5, contorted, golden to lemon yellow [or rarely white], abaxially sometimes tinged or veined red, persistent or deciduous after anthesis, usually asymmetric. Stamens in [4 or]5 fascicles, free and antipetalous, or some united to form apparently 4 or 3 fascicles with compound fascicle(s) antisepalous, or irregular and apparently not fasciculate, persistent or deciduous, each single fascicle with up to 70[-120] stamens; filaments slender, free from nearly base [or to 2/3 united] or apparently completely free; anthers small, dorsifixed or ± basifixed, dehiscing longitudinally, with gland on connective; sterile fascicles (fasciclodes) absent [very rare]. Ovary 3-5-loculed with axile placentae or ± completely 1-loculed with (2 or) 3[-5] parietal placentae, each placenta with [2 or] few to many ovules; styles (2 or) 3-5, free or partly to completely united, ± slender; stigmas small or ± capitate. Fruit a septicidal capsule or rarely ± indehiscent, valves often with oil-containing vittae or vesicles. Seeds small, often carinate or narrowly unilaterally winged; testa variously sculptured, not arillate [very rarely carunculate]; embryo slender, straight, with distinct slender cotyledons.

About 460 species: almost cosmopolitan except for arctic and desert areas and most of the lowland tropics; 64 species (33 endemic) in China.[1]

Habit: spreading evergreen groundcover. • Growth Form: Rhizomatous • Shape and Orientation: Erect

Flowers: Buttercup yellow flowers. Blooms early to mid-summer. • Bloom Period: Early Summer • Flower Conspicuous: Yes

Seeds: Seed Spread Rate: None • Fruit/Seed Conspicuous: No • Cold Stratification Required: No

Foliage: Foliage Color: Green • Summer foliage: Oval green leaves. • Foliage Porosity Summer: Moderate • Foliage Porosity Winter: Porous • Foliage Texture: Medium • Fall Conspicuous: No • Leaf Retention: No

Images:

Distribution

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Range and Population

North America

Native: .

Landscaping

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Landscape Uses: A good groundcover for partial shade. Edging. Borders. Mass planting. • Care: Deer resistant.

Reproduction

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Duration: Perennial • Coppice Potential: No • Progagated by Bulbs: No • Propagated by Bare Root: No • Propagated by Container: Yes • Propagated by Corms: No • Propagated by Cuttings: No • Propagated by Seed: No • Propagated by Sod: No • Propagated by Sprigs: Yes • Propagated by Tubers: No • Fruit/Seed Persistence: No • Fruit/Seed Persistence: No

Growth

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Culture: Space 18-24" apart.

Soil: Soil: Organic, well-drained soil. • Adapted to Medium Textured: Adapted to Medium Textured Soils • Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: Yes • Anaerobic Tolerance: None • Salinity Tolerance: Low • CaCO3 Tolerance: Low • Minimum pH: 5.5 • Maximum pH: 7.5 • Fertility Requirement: Medium

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun/part shade. • Shade Tolerance: Tolerant

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: Medium • Minimum Precipitation: 30 • Maximum Precipitation: 60 • Moisture Use: Medium

Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): -43°F. • Minimum Frost Free Days: 130 • Cold Hardiness: 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a. (map)

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Hypericum:

There are approximately 1,751 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: H. aegypticum maroccanum · H. aegypticum webbii · H. campestre tenue · H. nitidum exile · H. oaxacanum veracrucense · H. pauciflorum involutum · H. rumeliacum apollinis · H. arnoldianum · H. baethuricum · H. cyathiflorum · H. dawsonianum · H. dummeri · H. intermedium · H. laschii · H. moseranum · H. nothum · H. reinosae · H. rundeshageni · H. 'Anthos' · H. 'Arcadia' · H. 'Archibald' · H. 'Bosaapol' · H. 'Bosafan' · H. 'Bosafunk' · H. 'Bosaivy' · H. 'Bosajum' · H. 'Bosakin' · H. 'Bosamag' · H. 'Bosamyst' · H. 'Bosaney' · H. 'Bosaome' · H. 'Bosapin' · H. 'Bosarock' · H. 'Bosasca' · H. 'Bosaswe' · H. 'Bosavani' · H. 'Bright Blossom' · H. 'Eastleigh Gold' · H. 'Erfru' · H. 'Esmamber' · H. 'Esmfashion' · H. 'Esmopal' · H. 'Gemo' · H. 'Gold Penny' · H. 'Golden Beacon' · H. 'Goldstern' · H. 'Hidcote Gold' · H. 'Hidcote Silver Ghost' · H. 'Hidcote Variegated' (St. Johns Wort) · H. 'Hyro' · H. 'Kolmagif' · H. 'Kolmarest' · H. 'Kolmbeau' · H. 'Kolmblac' · H. 'Kolmdream' · H. 'Kolmfa' · H. 'Kolmfir' · H. 'Kolmgia' · H. 'Kolmoran' · H. 'Kolmpin' · H. 'Kolmred' · H. 'Kolmsweet' · H. 'Kolsum' · H. 'Locke' · H. 'Mrs Brabazon' · H. 'Quality First' · H. 'Red Condor' · H. 'Red Headed Woman' · H. 'Rowallane' · H. 'Summer Sunshine' · H. 'Sungold' · H. 'Taubertal' · H. 'Verputa' · H. abilianum · H. acerosum · H. aciculare · H. aciferum · H. acmosepalum · H. acostanum · H. acuminatum · H. acutifolium · H. acutisepalum · H. acutum · H. acutum boeticum · H. acutum f. humile · H. acutum f. patulum · H. acutum subsp. boeticum · H. acutum subsp. undulatum · H. acutum undulatum · H. acutum var. imperforatum · H. acutum var. rotundifolium · H. acutum var. undulatum · H. addingtonii · H. adenocarpum · H. adenocladum · H. adenophorum · H. adenophyllum · H. adenotrichum · H. adpressum · H. adpressum f. spongiosum

Bibliography

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  • Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. (F Turk)
  • Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. (Zander ed13)
  • Esebeck, H. von (1980b): Bodendecker - Palmengarten (Frankfurt) 44(2), pp. 108-109
  • Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. (Dict Gard)
  • Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR. (F USSR)
  • Krüssmann, G. 1984. Handbuch de Laubgeholze, Engl. translat. (Krussmann)
  • Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
  • Rehder, A. 1949. Bibliography of cultivated trees and shrubs. (Rehder)
  • Robson, N. K. B. 1970. Shrubby Asiatic Hypericum species in cultivation. J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 95:489.
  • Robson, N. K. B. 1985. Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Guttiferae) 3. Sections 1. Campylosporus to 6a. Umbraculoides. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 12(4):228–230.
  • Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea. (F Eur)
  • Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds. (Invasive Pl Spec)
  • Willis, J. H. 1970–1972. A handbook to plants in Victoria. (F VictWillis)

More Info

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Notes

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Contributors:

  • Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
  • Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 25, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 19 providers.
  • USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 25, 2007:

Identifiers:

Footnotes:

  1. Xi-wen Li & Norman K. B. Robson "Hypericum". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 1, 2. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

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Last Revised: May 15, 2008