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• Taxonomy
• Physical Description
• Distribution
• Reproduction
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes
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Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms:

1. Hypecoum grandiflorum Benth.

Notes:

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Physical Description

Family Papaveraceae:

Herbs or subshrubs, shrubs, or small trees, annual, biennial, or perennial, scapose or caulescent, usually from taproots, sometimes from rhizomes; sap clear, white, or colored, often sticky. Stems leafy or naked, erect, spreading, or decumbent, simple or branching. Leaves basal and/or cauline, alternate to opposite or whorled, simple, without stipules, petiolate or sessile; blade unlobed or with 1-3 odd-pinnate, subpalmate, or palmate orders of lobes. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, unifloral or else multifloral and cymiform, racemose, umbelliform, corybiform, or paniculate, pedunculate or subsessile; bracts usually present. Flowers radially symmetric, pedicellate or sessile; receptacle sometimes expanded and forming cup or ring beneath calyx (only in Eschscholzia, Meconella, and Platystemon ) ; perianth and androecium sometimes perigynous; sepals caducous, 2 or 3, distinct or connate, usually obovate; petals distinct, usually obovate, mostly 2 times number of sepals, sometimes more or absent; stamens many or 4-15 (only in Meconella and Canbya ) ; anthers 2-locular; pistil 1, 2-18[-22]-carpellate; ovary 1-2-locular or incompletely to completely multilocular by placental intrusion; placentas 2 or more, parietal; style 1 or absent; stigmas or stigma lobes 2-many. Fruits capsular, dehiscence valvate, poricidal, or transverse, or carpels dissociating and breaking transversely into 1-seeded segments (only in Platystemon ) . Seeds usually many, small, sometimes arillate or carunculate.

Genera 25-30 (17 genera, 63 species in the flora) : worldwide, mainly Northern Hemisphere.

According to W. R. Ernst (1962b), Papaveraceae "may be divided conveniently into four subfamilies." His scheme is followed here, but with the subfamilies taken up in alphabetic order; they seem to be natural groups, but their phylogenetic interrelationships are not yet clear. Similarly, the evolutionary relationships within the subfamilies remain ambiguous, and the genera in each are listed alphabetically. Subfamily Chelidonioideae Ernst includes genera 1-5; subf. Eschscholzioideae Ernst, genera 6-7; subf. Papavaroideae Ernst, genera 8-14; and subf. Platostamenoideae Ernst, genera 15-17.^[1]

Habit: Forb/herb

Images:

Distribution

Range and Population

North America

Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Similar Species

Members of the genus Hypecoum:

There are approximately 52 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus: H. aegypitacum · H. aegyptiacum · H. aequilobum · H. albescens · H. alpinum · H. angustilobum · H. arcuatum · H. armatum · H. caucasicum · H. chinense · H. deuteroparviflorum · H. dimidiatum · H. dureai · H. duriaei · H. erectum · H. ferrugineomaculatum · H. geslini · H. glaucescens · H. gracile · H. imbeibe · H. imberbe (Sicklefruit Hypecoum) · H. imberbe pseudograndiflorum · H. imberbe subsp. pseudograndiflorum · H. imperata · H. inberbe · H. lactiflorum · H. leptocarpum · H. littorale · H. millefolium · H. nodosum · H. parviflorum · H. patens · H. pendulum (Nodding Hypecoum) · H. pendulum var. parviflorum · H. ponticum · H. procumbens · H. procumbens atropunctatum · H. procumbens f. laxum · H. procumbens f. parviflorum · H. procumbens fragrantissimum · H. procumbens imberbe · H. procumbens procumbens · H. procumbens subsp. atropunctatum · H. procumbens subsp. fragrantissimum · H. procumbens subsp. imberbe · H. pseudo-grandiflorum · H. pseudograndiflorum · H. refractum · H. tetragonum · H. torulosum · H. trilobum · H. trullatum

Members of the genus Platystigma:

There are approximately 6 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus: P. californicum · P. denticulatum · P. lineare · P. linearis (Narrowleaf Queen Poppy) · P. myristiceum · P. oreganum

Bibliography

• Ernst, W. R. 1962. A Comparative Morphology of the Papaveraceae. Ph.D. dissertation. Stanford University.
• Ernst, W. R. 1962b. The genera of Papaveraceae and Fumariaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 43: 315-343.
• Ernst, W. R. 1967. Floral morphology and systematics of Platystemon and its allies Hesperomecon and Meconella (Papaveraceae: Platystemonoideae). Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 47: 25-70.
• Fedde, F. 1936. Papaveraceae. In: H. G. A. Engler et al., eds. 1924+. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2. 26+ vols. Leipzig and Berlin. Vol. 17b, pp. 5-145.
• Fedde, F. 1909. Papaveraceae-Hypecoideae et Papaveraceae-Papaveroideae. In: H. G. A. Engler, ed. 1900-1953. Das Pflanzenreich. 107 vols. Berlin. Vol. 40[IV,104], pp. 1-430.
• Grey-Wilson, C. 1993. Poppies: A Guide to the Poppy Family in the Wild and in Cultivation. Portland.
• Gunn, C. R. 1980. Seeds and fruits of Papaveraceae and Fumariaceae. Seed Sci. Techn. 8: 3-58.
• Gunn, C. R. and M. J. Seldin. 1976. Seeds and Fruits of North American Papaveraceae. Washington. [U.S.D.A. Agric. Res. Serv., Techn. Bull. 1517.]
• Harms, H. 1936. Reihe Rhoeadales. In: H. G. A. Engler et al., eds. 1924+. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2. 26+ vols. Leipzig and Berlin. Vol. 17b, pp. 1-4.
• Hutchinson, J. 1925. Contributions towards a phylogenetic classification of flowering plants: V. The genera of Papaveraceae. Bull. Misinform. Kew 1925: 161-168.
• Kadereit, J. W. 1993. Papaveraceae. In: K. Kubitzki et al., eds. 1990+. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. 2+ vols. Berlin etc. Vol. 2, pp. 494-506.
• Stermitz, F. R. 1968. Alkaloid chemistry and the systematics of Papaver and Argemone. Recent Advances Phytochem. 1: 161-183.

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Notes

Contributors:

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 12, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 10 providers.

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:

• Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Herbarium Willing
• GBIF-Spain, Botánica, Universidad de León: LEB-Cormo
• GBIF-Spain, Dirección General de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación de la Junta de Extremadura(DGIDTI): HSS
• GBIF-Spain, Herbario Universidad de Málaga: MGC-Cormófitos
• GBIF-Spain, Hortus Botanicus Sollerensis Herbarium
• GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Almería, HUAL
• GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas: FCO
• Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Israel Nature and Parks Authority
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum

Identifiers:

• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 503126
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13760006
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:673240-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDFUM05010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: HYGR4
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 43626

Footnotes:

1. Robert W. Kiger "Papaveraceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.