Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Chinese:
Wei Shi Da Feng Zi (Taiwan)
Common Names in English:
Chalmogra Nut, Chalmoogra Nut, Jangli Almond (India), Kavati (India), Marotti (India)
Common Names in Hindi:
Calmogara, Chalmogra, Chaulmoogra, Jangli Badam (Seeds), Tuwarak, कालमोगरा
Common Names in Kannada:
Chaalmogra Yenne Mara, Chalmoogra Yenne Mara
Common Names in Malayalam:
Marotti, Neerutti
Common Names in Sanskrit:
Kushtavairi, Turveraka, Tuvaraka, Tuvrak
Common Names in Tamil:
Maravattai, Maravetti, Neeradimuthu (Niradimuttu), Yetti
Common Names in Telugu:
Niradi-Vittulu (Seeds)
Description
Genus Hydnocarpus
Trees
, rarely shrubs
, dioecious, rarely monoecious or polygamous. Leaves alternate; stipules small, usually early caducous
; petiole
usually present, often thickened at apex; leaf blade
leathery, pinnate-veined, margin
entire or toothed
. Flowers hypogynous, in axillary
, branched cymes, these sometimes very short or reduced to fascicles or to a solitary flower, or rarely flowers in long racemelike panicles from trunk
or older branches; bracts small to minute, sometimes persistent
; pedicels articulate
. Sepals (3 or) 4 or 5(or 7-11), imbricate, free
or slightly joined at base
, concave
, becoming reflexed
, caducous. Petals 4 or 5(-14), free or slightly joined at base, each with a thick and usually hairy
scale inside at base. Disk and disk glands absent. Staminate flowers
: stamens 5 to many (more than 100) ; filaments
free, sometimes very short; anthers
oblong
to ovate-cordate, longitudinally dehiscent
, connective
often dilated
; pistillode
present or absent. Pistillate
flowers: staminodes 5 to many, resembling stamens but anthers mostly reduced or absent; ovary superior, 1-loculed, placentas 3-6, each with several ovules; styles 3-6, short, or nearly absent; stigmas flattened, usually reflexed. Fruit baccate
, globose
, or ovoid
, rarely elongate
; pericarp thick and hard, or thin and brittle, exocarp
fibrous
or not, mesocarp
light yellow, usually very hard, endocarp soft. Seeds several to many, angular-ovoid, packed in pulp; testa hard, striate
; aril membranous; endosperm oily; cotyledons large and broad, leaflike, compressed-flat or folded.
About 40 species: tropical
Asia; three species in China.[1]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Rosidae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Violanae
()
- R. Dahlgren Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Malpighiales
()
- C. Martius, 1835
- Family:
Achariaceae
()
- (Benth. & Hook. f., 1867) H. Harms, in Engler & Prantl, 1897, nom. cons.
- Tribe:
Pangieae
()
- Genus:
Hydnocarpus
()
- J. Gaertner, 1788
- Hydnocarpus
- Specific epithet:
pentandra
- (Buch.-Ham) Oken
- Botanical name: - Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch.-Ham) Oken
- Specific epithet:
pentandra
- (Buch.-Ham) Oken
- Genus:
Hydnocarpus
(
- Tribe:
Pangieae
(
- Family:
Achariaceae
(
- Order:
Malpighiales
(
- Superorder:
Violanae
(
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Similar Species
Members of the genus Hydnocarpus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 7 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
H. anthelminthicus (Siamese Chaulmoogra) · H. anthelminticus (Hydnocarpus) · H. kurzii (Chaulmoogra) · H. kurzii f. latifolia (Chaulmoogra) · H. pentandra (Jangli Almond (India)) · H. venenata (Jangli Almond (India)) · H. wightiana (Marotti Oil Tree)
More Info
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- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5417878
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 16646964
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 2005952
Footnotes
- Qiner Yang & Sue Zmarzty "Hydnocarpus". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 112, 113, 114. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
