Common Names
Common Names in English:
Shooting Star Hoya
Description
Family Apocynaceae
Trees
, shrubs
, or vines
, rarely subshrubs
or herbs, with latex or rarely watery juice. Leaves simple
, opposite, rarely whorled
or alternate, pinnately veined; stipules absent or rarely present. Inflorescences cymose
, terminal
or axillary
, with bracteoles. Flowers bisexual
, 5- [or 4]-merous, actinomorphic
. Calyx 5- or rarely 4-partite, quincuncial, basal glands
usually present. Corolla 5- or rarely 4-lobed, salverform
, funnelform
, urceolate
, or rarely rotate, lobes
overlapping to right
or left, rarely valvate
. Stamens 5 or rarely 4; filaments
short; anthers
mostly sagittate
, free
or connivent into a cone adherent
to pistil head
, dehiscing longitudinally, base
rounded
, cordate, sagittate, or prolonged into an empty spur; pollen granular
; disc ringlike or cup-shaped, 2-5-lobed, or absent. Ovaries superior, rarely half-inferior, connate
or distinct
, 1- or 2-locular; ovules (1 or) 2-numerous per locule. Style
1; pistil head capitate, conical
, or lampshade-shaped, base stigmatic, apex 2-cleft and not stigmatic
. Fruit a berry, drupe, capsule, or follicle. Seeds with or without coma; endosperm thick and often horny
, scanty, sometimes absent; embryo straight or nearly so, cotyledons often large, radicle terete
.
About 155 genera and 2000 species distributed primarily in the tropics and subtropics, poorly represented in the temperate regions
. Of the 44 genera and 145 species present in China, one genus and 38 species are endemic, and nearly 95% of the taxa grow in the southern and southwestern portions of the country.
Fruit type is highly diversified in the family
, and it is diagnostic of many genera. Genera 1-4 produce
1, 2-celled berries
from a flower; genus 5 produces 2, 1-celled berries from a flower; 6 and 7 produce mostly fleshy
follicles containing deeply indented
seeds with ruminate
endosperm; 8 has follicles and winged
seeds; 9 produces follicles and seeds with 2 comas; 10-12 have follicles with globose
seeds; 13-18 have drupes mostly with fleshy mesocarp; 19 has samaroid
fruit; 20 has spiny
capsules with seeds winged all around; and 21-44 have free or fused follicles and comose
seeds. Double
flowers are known only from cultivated forms of Nerium oleander, Tabernaemontana divaricata, and Wrightia religiosa.
Plants
of the Apocynaceae are often poisonous and are rich in alkaloids or glycosides, especially in the seeds and latex. Some species are valuable sources of medicine, insecticides
, fibers, and rubber.Bingtao Li, Antony J. M. Leeuwenberg & David J. Middleton "Apocynaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 143. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Genus Hoya
Subshrubs
or lianas, epiphytic or epilithic
, often twining
or climbing
by adventitious roots
. Leaves opposite, fleshy
, papery
, or membranous. Inflorescences extra-axillary
or sometimes terminal
, umbel-like, producing a succession
of globose
or flat-top-ped clusters
; old rachis thick, with contiguous
pedicel scars
. Calyx small, with basal glands
. Corolla fleshy, rotate, reflexed
, [or campanulate
]; lobes
valvate
, often densely hairy
or scurfy
inside. Corona
lobes 5, depressed
patent
or adnate
vertically to gynostegium, fleshy, glossy when dried, inner angle
a tooth
incumbent
on anthers
, outer angle rounded or acute; margin
revolute
, longitudinally grooved
basally. Stamens short connate
, apical membrane
of anthers appressed
against stigma head
; pollinia 2 per pollinarium
, oblong
, erect
, with raised, translucent
margin. Stigma head discoid, rounded
or subapiculate. Follicles often solitary, cylindric-fusiform.
At least 100 species: SE Asia to Oceania; 32 species in China."Hoya". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 228. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Physical Description
Habit: Evergreen .
Flowers: Bloom Period: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December. • Flower Color: near white, pale yellow, white
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 12-18" tall.
Biology
Growth
Culture: Space 6-9" apart.
Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.5
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 11. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Flowering Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Superorder:
Gentiananae
(
)
- Thorne Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Gentianales
(
)
- Bromhead, 1838
- Family:
Apocynaceae
(
)
- A.l. De Jussieu, 1789
- Dogbane Family
- Subfamily:
Asclepiadoideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Marsdenieae
(
)
- Genus:
Hoya
(
)
- R. Brown, Prodr. 459. 1810.
- Milkweed
- Specific epithet:
multiflora
- Blume
- Botanical name: - Hoya multiflora Blume
- Specific epithet:
multiflora
- Blume
- Genus:
Hoya
(
- Tribe:
Marsdenieae
(
- Subfamily:
Asclepiadoideae
(
- Family:
Apocynaceae
(
- Order:
Gentianales
(
- Superorder:
Gentiananae
(
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Centrostemma multiflorum (Blume) Decne.
Notes
An accepted name
in the RHS Horticultural Database.
Place of publication
: Catalogus 49. 1823 (Bijdr. 16:1064. 1827)
Name
verified on 13-Mar-2003 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 13-Mar-2003
Similar Species
Members of the genus Hoya
There are approximately 464 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
H. 'Chouke' (Hoya) · H. 'Christine' (Hoya) · H. 'Freckles' · H. 'HSI 037' (Wax Plant) · H. 'Iris Marie' (Hoya) · H. 'Joy' (Hoya) · H. 'Mathilde' (Hoya) · H. 'Minibelle' (Wax Plant) · H. 'Noelle' (Hoya) · H. 'Nova' (Hoya) · H. 'Phillippines IML 831' (Hoya) · H. 'PNG 4' (Hoya) · H. 'Rainforest Beauty' (Hoya) · H. 'Ruthie' (Hoya) · H. 'Shepherdell' (Hoya) · H. 'Shibata' · H. 'Strawberries & Cream' (Hoya) · H. 'Sunrise' (Hoya) · H. acicularis · H. acuminata · H. acuta · H. aeschynanthoides · H. affinis · H. africana · H. alagensis · H. alata · H. alba · H. albens · H. albiflora (Hoya) · H. aldrichii · H. alexicaca · H. amoena · H. andalensis · H. angustifolia · H. angustisepala · H. anulata (Hoya) · H. apiculata · H. archboldiana (Hoya) · H. archboldiana x onychoides (Hoya) · H. ariadna · H. arnottiana (Hoya) · H. attenuata · H. australis (Australian Waxflower) · H. australis keysii (Hoya) · H. australis rupicola · H. australis sanae · H. australis subsp. australis · H. australis subsp. oramicola · H. australis subsp. rupicola · H. australis subsp. sana · H. australis subsp. tenuipes · H. balansae · H. bandaensis · H. barbata · H. bella (Beautiful Hoya) · H. bella 'Variegata' (Beautiful Hoya) · H. benguetensis · H. benquetensis · H. betchei · H. betchei var. tutuilense · H. bhutanica · H. bicarinata (Pua-Hoku-Hihi) · H. bicknellii · H. bicolor · H. bilobata · H. blashernaezii · H. bonii · H. bordenii · H. brevialata · H. bulusanensis · H. buotii · H. burmaensis · H. burtoniae (Hoya) · H. cagayanensis · H. callistophylla (Hoya) · H. calycina (Hoya) · H. calycina subsp. glabrifolia · H. campanulata (Hoya) · H. camphorifolia (Hoya) · H. cardiophylla · H. carnosa (Hindu Rope) · H. carnosa 'Compacta' · H. carnosa 'Exotica' · H. carnosa 'Grey Ghost' (Porcelain Flower) · H. carnosa 'Hindu Rope' · H. carnosa 'Holliana' (Dwarf Carnosa) · H. carnosa 'Hummel's Compacta' · H. carnosa 'Jungle Gardens' · H. carnosa 'Krinkle 8' (Porcelain Flower) · H. carnosa 'Krinkle Eight' · H. carnosa 'Krinkle' · H. carnosa 'Latifolia' · H. carnosa 'Nana' · H. carnosa 'Picta' (Exotic Wax Plant) · H. carnosa 'Princess' · H. carnosa 'Prolifica' · H. carnosa 'Red Princess' · H. carnosa 'Rubra' (Krimson Princess Hoya) · H. carnosa 'Sherry' (Porcelain Flower) · H. carnosa 'Tricolor' (Krimson Queen Hoya)
Bibliography
- Backer, C. A. & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. 1963–1968. Flora of Java. (F Java)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. (F China)
- Erhardt, W. et al. 2000. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 16. Auflage. (Zander ed16) [lists as H. multiflora (Decne.) Blume].
- Henderson, M. B. 1974. Malayan wild flowers.
- Hoyan 2:36–37.
- Judd, Campbell, Kellog & Donoghue: Plant Systematics, a phylogenetic approach
- Judd, W.S., Campbell, C.S., Kellog, E.A. & Donoghue, M.J. (2002): Plant Systematics: a phylogenetic approach, Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass.
- Merrill, E. D. 1922–1926. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants. (F Philipp) [= Centrostemma multiflorum (Blume) Decne.].
- Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition). (F ChinaEng)
- Tsiang Ying & Li Ping-tao. 1977. Apocynaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 63: 1-249.
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Notes
Contributors
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 25, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
- MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 18, 2008.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (May 02, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 25, 2007:
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5839313
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15068160
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:98577-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 19403
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 606684
