Holcus lanatus

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Poaceae

Annual or perennial herbs, or tall woody bamboos . Flowering stems (culms ) jointed , internodes hollow or solid; branches arising singly from nodes and subtended by a leaf sheath and 2-keeled prophyll, often fascicled in bamboos. Leaves arranged alternately in 2 ranks , differentiated into sheath, blade , and an adaxial erect appendage at sheath/blade junction (ligule) ; leaf sheath surrounding and supporting culm-internode, split to base or infrequently tubular with partially or completely fused margins , modified with reduced blade in bamboos (culm sheaths) ; leaf blades divergent, usually long, narrow and flat, but varying from inrolled and filiform to ovate , veins parallel, sometimes with cross-connecting veinlets (especially in bamboos) ; ligule membranous or a line of hairs . Inflorescence terminal or axillary , an open, contracted , or spikelike panicle, or composed of lax to spikelike racemes arranged along an elongate central axis, or digitate, paired , or occasionally solitary; axillary inflorescences often many, subtended by spatheoles (specialized bladeless leaf sheaths) and gathered into a leafy compound panicle; spikelets often aggregated into complex clusters in bamboos. Spikelets composed of distichous bracts arranged along a slender axis (rachilla) ; typically 2 lowest bracts (glumes ) empty, subtending 1 to many florets ; glumes often poorly differentiated from accompanying bracts in bamboos. Florets composed of 2 opposing bracts enclosing a single small flower, outer bract (lemma) clasping the more delicate, usually 2-keeled inner bract (palea) ; base of floret often with thickened prolongation articulated with rachilla (callus) ; lemma often with apical or dorsal bristle (awn ), glumes also sometimes awned . Flowers bisexual or unisexual ; lodicules (small scales representing perianth) 2, rarely 3 or absent, 3 to many in bamboos, hyaline or fleshy ; stamens 3 rarely 1, 2, 6, or more in some bamboos, hypogynous, filaments capillary , anthers versatile; ovary 1-celled, styles (1 or) 2(rarely 3), free or united at base, topped by feathery stigmas, exserted from sides or apex of floret. Fruit normally a dry indehiscent caryopsis with thin pericarp firmly adherent to seed, pericarp rarely free, fleshy in some bamboos; embryo small or large; hilum punctate to linear .

About 700 genera and 11,000 species: widely distributed in all regions of the world.[1]

Genus Holcus

Annuals or perennials . Leaf blades flat. Inflorescence a moderately to densely contracted panicle. Spikelets laterally compressed , disarticulating below glumes , florets 2, lower floret bisexual , upper floret staminate; rachilla usually curved and hooked below bisexual floret, often shortly extended above staminate floret; glumes subequal , papery , enclosing florets, strongly keeled , lower glume 1-veined, upper glume 3-veined; lemmas cartilaginous , shiny, rounded on back, veins indistinct, apex obtuse or 2-toothed, upper lemma or both awned ; awn arising from upper 1/3 of lemma back, geniculate , hooked or straight; palea slightly shorter than lemma, membranous.

Eight species: N Africa, SW Asia, Europe; one species (introduced ) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Open ground , meadows, moist places; an adventive occasionally cultivated as a meadow grass .[3].

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Aira holcus-lanatus (L.) Vill.
2. Avena lanata (L.) Cav.
3. Avena lanata (L.) Koeler
4. Avena lanata (Linnaeus) Koeler
5. Ginannia lanata (L.) F. T. Hubb.
6. Nothoholcus lanatus (L.) Nash
7. Notholcus lanatus (Linnaeus) Nash Ex Hitchcock.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Sp. pl. 2:1048. 1753

Name verified on 08-May-1992 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 20-Nov-2007

Similar Species

Members of the genus Holcus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 108 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

H. acicularis · H. aciculatus · H. aestivalis · H. 'Alan Cook' · H. albus · H. alpinus · H. annus · H. annuus · H. arcticus · H. arduini · H. arenarius · H. argenteus · H. asper · H. atropurpureus · H. australis · H. avenaceus · H. biaristatus · H. bicolor · H. blanichii · H. borealis · H. bulbosa · H. caerulescens · H. caespitosus · H. cafer · H. caffrorum · H. capillaris · H. carar · H. cernuus · H. ciliatus · H. compactus · H. cylindricus · H. decolorans · H. densus · H. distachyos · H. dochna · H. dora · H. duna · H. durieui · H. durra · H. effusus · H. elatior · H. elongatus · H. exiguus · H. fauriei · H. ferrugineus · H. fragrans · H. fulvus · H. gayanus · H. glaucus · H. grandiflorus · H. gryllus · H. halapensis · H. halepensis · H. hybridus · H. lanatus (Common Velvet Grass) · H. lanatus 'Albovariegatus' · H. lanatus var. soboliferus · H. lappaceus · H. latifolius · H. laxus · H. mollis (Creeping Velvet Grass) · H. mollis 'Albovariegatus' (Creeping Velvet Grass) · H. mollis 'Jackdaw's Cream' · H. mollis 'Variegatus' · H. mollis 'White Fog' · H. montanus · H. monticola · H. muticus · H. natans · H. nervosus · H. niger · H. nigerrimus · H. nitidus · H. notarisii · H. nutans · H. odoratus · H. oriolis · H. pallidus · H. parviflorus · H. pertusus · H. plumosus · H. racemosus · H. redolens · H. repens · H. reuteri · H. rigidus · H. rubens · H. saccharatus · H. saccharoides · H. savii · H. serratus · H. setifolius · H. setiger · H. setiglumis · H. setiglumis duriensis · H. setosus · H. sorghum · H. sorghum var. sudanensis · H. spicatus · H. striatus

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Further Reading

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• Flora der gef�rsteten Grafshaft Tirol, des Landes Vorarlberg und des F�rstenthumes Liechtenstein. Nach eigenen und fremden Beobachtungen, Sammlungen und den Litteraturquellen bearb. von K.W. v. Dalla Torre und Ludwig Grafen von Sarnthein. Innsbruck, Verlag der Wagner'-schen Universit�ts-Buchhandlung, 1900-1913. GER url p. 90, p. 91.
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• Flora hibernica: comprising the flowering plants, ferns, Charace, Musci, Hepatic, Lichenes and Alg of Ireland: arranged according to the natural system with a synopsis of the genera according to the Linnan system / by James Townsend Mackay. Dublin: W. Curry jun., 1836. ENG url p. 301.
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• Flora piacentina; ossia, Enumerazione sistematica delle piante della provincia di Piacenza, coll'indicazione delle loro stazioni, dei caratteri principali di ciascuna famiglia, dei nomi italiani, di quelli del dialetto Piacenza, Tip. F. Solari, 1877. ITA url p. 317.
• Flora van Helder; handleiding tot het bestemmen der in en om Helder, huisduinen en het koegras wildgroeiende en op openbare plaatsen algemeen aangeplante kruiden, heesters en boomen bewerkt door Julie Hoek en H.C. Redeke. Helder, C. de Boer, 1901. DUT url p. 18, p. 57.
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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 14, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 62 providers.
• "Holcus lanatus". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 334. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 14, 2007:

• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Joint Nature Conservation Committee - Vegetation surveys of coastal shingle in Great Britain
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2661720
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-41773
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13537060
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:405034-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 19209
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 41773
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA37010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: NOLA2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 39921

Footnotes

1. Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng-ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Yang Guangyao, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova & Klaus Ammann "Poaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 22. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Zhen-lan Wu & Sylvia M. Phillips "Holcus". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 316, 334. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Holcus lanatus". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 334. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

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