Hieracium longipilum

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Compositae

The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Tribe Lactuceae

The Lactuceae are a tribe of closely related genera of the sunflower family that are easily recognized because the flowering heads are composed of wholly of ligulate florets that are usually 5-lobed. Another very distinguishing feature is the milky sap . Although not apparent without magnification, the pollen is distinctive in that the spines are more or less restricted to discrete ridges or flanges on the surface of the grain. In other members of the family the spines are distributed more or less evenly over the surface of the pollen grain . The pappus usually consists of scales or stiff hairs . -- Gerald D. Carr.

Genus Hieracium

Perennials , (5 ) 20 150+ cm; taprooted (rootstocks sometimes woody, branched; stolons produced in some taxa) . Stems usually 1, usually erect , usually branched distally, sometimes throughout, sometimes scapiform , glabrous or hairy (induments often complex , see discussion) . Leaves basal, basal and cauline, or cauline; petiolate or sessile; blades mostly elliptic , lanceolate, oblanceolate , oblong , or spatulate , margins entire, denticulate , or dentate [laciniate to pinnatifid ] (faces glabrous or hairy, induments often complex, see discussion) . Heads borne singly or in corymbiform , paniculiform , thyrsiform, umbelliform, or nearly racemiform arrays. Peduncles (terminal and axillary ) not inflated , often bracteate . Calyculi 0 or of 3 13( 16+), deltate to lanceolate or linear bractlets (in 1 2+ series; sometimes intergrading with phyllaries) . Involucres hemispheric or campanulate to cylindric , 3 9[ 12+] mm diam. Phyllaries 5 21( 40+) in 2+ series, lanceolate to linear, subequal to unequal (reflexed in fruit), margins usually little, if at all, scarious , apices obtuse to acute or acuminate. Receptacles flat, pitted , glabrous, epaleate. Florets 6 150+; corollas usually yellow, sometimes white or ochroleucous , sometimes tinged with cyan or red, rarely orange (then often drying scarlet or purplish) . Cypselae usually red-brown or black (tan in H. horridum), usually ± columnar or prismatic , sometimes ± urceolate (slightly bulbous proximally and narrower distally) or nearly fusiform , not distinctly beaked , ribs (or grooves ) usually 10, faces glabrous; pappi persistent (fragile), of 20 80+, distinct , white, sordid , stramineous , or rufous , ± equal or unequal, barbellulate bristles in 1 2+ series. x = 9.

Species 250 1000+: North America, Mexico, Central America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa.

Most plants referable to Hieracium are apomictic (reproducing from asexually produced seeds) . Apomictic reproduction often results in perpetuation of morphologic variants at populational and regional levels. Temptation to name such variants as species has proven irresistible to some botanists; upward of 9,000 species names have been published in Hieracium. Circumscriptions of "species" in Hieracium seem to be more artificial than in most genera of composites . Under these circumstances, I feel it would be irresponsible to recognize any infraspecific taxa here. For the most part, the "species" recognized here are those that have been recognized in local and regional floras of the past 50 or so years. Accepted names and/or changes in synomymies for some species reflect changes suggested by J. H. Beaman (1990), A. Cronquist (1980), and E. G. Voss (1972 1996, vol. 3) . I have maintained a traditional generic circumscription of Hieracium. Some other botanists exclude some species (including numbers 1 6 here) from Hieracium and treat them in Pilosella Hill , which differs from Hieracium in having stolons often produced, ribs of cypselae slightly projecting distally, and bristles of the pappi in one series. For Greenland, T. W. Böcher et al. (1968) reported 18 species of Hieracium: 16 said to be endemic to Greenland plus H. alpinum Linnaeus (known from Greenland and Eurasia ) and H. groenlandicum Arvet-Touvet (= H. vulgatum Fries; known from Greenland and continental North America) . Following H. J. Scoggan (1978 1979, part 4), I have placed 15 names of Greenland "endemics" as synonyms of other names. The type of the 16th "endemic," H. trigonophorum Oskarsson, is probably conspecific with that of H. alpinum. In my key and descriptions , "piloso-hirsute" refers to surfaces with scattered to crowded, tapered, whiplike, straight or curly, smooth to ± barbellate hairs mostly (0.5 ) 2 8( 15+) mm (sometimes called "setae") ; "stellate-pubescent" refers to surfaces with scattered to crowded, ± dendritically branched (often called, but seldom truly, "stellate") hairs mostly 0.05 0.2+ mm (such surfaces are sometimes described as "floccose") ; and "stipitate-glandular" refers to surfaces with scattered to crowded gland-tipped hairs mostly 0.2 0.8( 1.2+) mm. Surfaces of stems, leaves, peduncles, and phyllaries may be glabrous or may bear one, two, or all three of the types of hairs mentioned here; other induments are seldom encountered in hieraciums of the flora area. Given the complexity of the reproductive modes among the plants and the likelihood of misidentifications of vouchers , I have not included chromosome numbers for species. Sexual hieraciums are usually diploids (2n = 18) and the apomictic hieraciums are usually triploids (2n = 27) .

[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Fields , prairies, roadsides; 100-400 m [2].

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Hieracium

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 163 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

H. acranthophorum (Tunugdliarfik Hawkweed) · H. acranthophorum var. acranthophorum (Tunugdliarfik Hawkweed) · H. acranthophorum var. isortoquense (Tunugdliarfik Hawkweed) · H. albiflorum (White Hawkweed) · H. alleghaniense (Alleghany Hawkweed) · H. alpinum (Alpine Hawkweed) · H. amitsokense (Royal Hawkweed) · H. angmagssalikense (Blackstyle Hawkweed) · H. argutum (Southern Hawkweed) · H. argutum var. argutum (Southern Hawkweed) · H. arvense (Perennial Sowthistle) · H. atramentarium (Hawkweed) · H. atratum (Polar Hawkweed) · H. aurantiacum (Orange Hawkweed) · H. bolanderi (Bolander Hawkweed) · H. caespitosum (Field Hawkweed) · H. canadense (Canada Hawkweed) · H. canadense var. canadense (Canadian Hawkweed) · H. canadense var. canadense Michx. (Canadian Hawkweed) · H. canadense var. divaricatum (Canadian Hawkweed) · H. canadense var. divaricatum Lepage (Canadian Hawkweed) · H. canadense var. fasciculatum (Canadian Hawkweed) · H. canadense var. subintegrum (Canadian Hawkweed) · H. canadense var. subintegrum Lepage (Canadian Hawkweed) · H. carneum (Huachuca Hawkweed) · H. cernuiforme (Hawkweed) · H. cynoglossoides (Hounds-Tongue Hawkweed) · H. devoldii (Devold's Hawkweed) · H. dutillyanum (Hawkweed) · H. eugenii (Neria Hawkweed) · H. fassettii (Fassett's Hawkweed) · H. fassettii Lepage var. wisconsinense Lepage (pro nm.) (Wisconsin Hawkweed) · H. fassettii var. fassettii (Fassett's Hawkweed) · H. fassettii var. mendicum (Fassett's Hawkweed) · H. fassettii var. wisconsinense (Wisconsin Hawkweed) · H. fendleri (Yellow Hawksbeard) · H. fendleri var. discolor (Yellow Hawkweed) · H. fendleri var. discolor Gray (Yellow Hawkweed) · H. fendleri var. fendleri (Fendler's Hawkweed) · H. fendleri var. fendleri Sch.Bip. (Fendler Hawkweed) · H. fendleri var. mogollense (Mogollon Hawkweed) · H. fendleri var. mogollense Gray (Mogollon Hawkweed) · H. fernaldii (Fernald's Hawkweed) · H. flagellare (Hawkweed) · H. flagellare var. amauracron (Hawkweed) · H. flagellare var. cernuiforme (Hawkweed) · H. flagellare var. flagellare (Hawkweed) · H. flagellare var. glatzense (Hawkweed) · H. flagellare var. pilosius (Hawkweed) · H. flagellare Willd. (pro sp.) var. flagellare Willd. (pro sp.) (Hawkweed) · H. floribundum (Hawkweed) · H. lactucella (Lindenleaf Rosemallow) · H. fuscatrum (Hawkweed) · H. gracile (Alpine Hawkweed) · H. gracile var. alaskanum (Alaska Hawkweed) · H. gracile var. alaskanum Zahn (Alaska Hawkweed) · H. gracile var. detonsum (Low Alpine Hawkweed) · H. gracile var. gracile (Slender Hawkweed) · H. gracile var. yukonense (Yukon Hawkweed) · H. gracile var. yukonense Porsild (Yukon Hawkweed) · H. greenei (Greene's Hawkweed) · H. greenii (Maryland Hawkweed) · H. groenlandicum (Greenland Hawkweed) · H. grohii (Groh's Hawkweed) · H. gronovii (Gronovis Hawkweed) · H. horridum (Prickly Hawkweed) · H. hyparcticum (Arctic Hawkweed) · H. inuloides (Butterfly Hawkweed) · H. ivigtutense (Holsteinsborg Hawkweed) · H. kalmii (Kalm's Hawkweed) · H. kalmii var. kalmii (Kalm's Hawkweed) · H. lachenalii (Common Hawkweed) · H. lactucella (Hawkweed) · H. laevigatum (Smooth Hawkweed) · H. lanatum (Hairy Hawkweed) · H. lemmonii (Lemmon's Hawkweed) · H. lividorubens (Cow Hawkweed) · H. lividorubens var. lividorubens (Cow Hawkweed) · H. lividorubens var. pseudostylum (Cow Hawkweed) · H. lividorubens var. subnudulum (Cow Hawkweed) · H. longiberbe (Long-Bearded Hawkweed) · H. longipilum (Hairy Hawkweed) · H. maculatum (Spotted Hawkweed) · H. marianum (Hawkweed) · H. megacephalon (Coastal Plain Hawkweed) · H. lactucella (Crevice Alumroot) · H. lactucella (Showy Goldeneye) · H. murorum (Wall Hawkweed) · H. musartutense (Musartut Hawkweed) · H. nepiocratum (Lindenows Fjord Hawkweed) · H. paniculatum (Allegheny Hawkweed) · H. lactucella (Littleflower Alumroot) · H. lactucella (Littleleaf Alumroot) · H. perpropinquum (Hawkweed) · H. pilosella (Mouse-Ear Hawkweed) · H. pilosella pseudosedunense (Mouse-Ear Hawkweed) · H. pilosella var. niveum (Mouseear Hawkweed) · H. pilosella var. pilosella (Mouseear Hawkweed) · H. piloselloides (King-Devil Hawkweed) · H. pilosius (Hawkweed)

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Further Reading

• An essay toward a natural history of La Salle County, Illinois, in two parts / J. W. Huett. Ottawa, Illinois: Fair-dealer print, 1898. url p. 98.
• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. Addison Brown. New York: Scribner, 1913. url p. 328, p. 330.
• Annual report of the Michigan Academy of Science. Lansing, Mich.: The Academy, 1904. url p. 127.
• Atlas of the rare vascular plants of Ontario / Ottawa: Botany Division, National Museum of Natural Sciences = Division de la botanique, Musée national des sciences naturelles, 1982-1987. url , .
• Botanical survey of Nebraska. Conducted by the Botanical Seminar. I-VII. Lincoln, Neb., 1892-1904. url , , , , , .
• Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. Buffalo, N.Y.: The Society, 1874- url p. 92, p. 92.
• Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. Bloomington, Ill.: The Laboratory, 1876-1918. url p. 168, p. 168, p. 173, p. 187, p. 398, p. 398, p. 398.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 22 1895 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870-1996 url p. 393.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- url p. 131.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 1 1890-1895 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 194, p. 248.
• Erigenia: journal of the Illinois Native Plant Society. Carbondale, Ill.: The Society, 1982- url p. 10.
• Field, forest, and garden botany, a simple introduction to the common plants of the United States east of the Mississippi, both wild and cultivated. New York, Ivison, Phinney, Blakeman, 1869. url p. 207.
• Flora Peoriana; the vegetation in the climate of middle Illinois. Peoria, Ill., J. W. Franks & Sons, 1887. url , , p. 35, p. 52, p. 76.
• Flora of Illinois, containing keys for the identification of the flowering plants and ferns, by George Neville Jones. .. Notre Dame, Ind., The University Press, 1945. url p. 272.
• Flora of Indiana, by Charles C. Deam. Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford printing co., contractor for state printing and binding, 1940. url p. 1016, p. 1018.
• Flora of Nebraska; a list of the conifers and flowering plants of the state with keys for their determination. Plainview, Neb.[c1912] url .
• Flora of Nebraska; a list of the ferns, conifers and flowering plants of the state with keys for their determination. Plainview, Neb., 1923 url p. 201.
• Flora of West Virginia, by Charles Frederick Millspaugh and Lawrence William Nuttall. 1 1896 Chicago, 1896. url p. 233.
• Flora of the southeastern United States; being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and in Oklahom by John Kunkel Small. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 1314.
• Gray's Lessons in botany and vegetable physiology: illustrated by over 360 wood engravings from original drawings by Isaac Sprague: to which is added a copious glossary, or dictionary of botanical terms / by Asa Gray. New York: Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & Co., 1877, c1868. url p. 277.
• Gray's school and field book of botany. Consisting of "Lessons in botany, " and "Field, forest, and garden botany, " bound in one volume. New York: American Book Co., [c1887] url .
• Illinois River Bluffs area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, [and the] State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, Ill.: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1998- url p. 161, p. 180.
• Journal and proceedings of the Hamilton Association. [Hamilton, Ont.]: Printed for the Hamilton Association by the Spector Printing Co., [1884]-1899. url p. 110.
• Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science. Lexington, KY: The Academy, 1998- url p. 119, p. 119, p. 182, p. 182.
• List of Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta growing without cultivation in northeastern North America. Prepared by a Committee of the Botanical Club, American Association for the Advancement of Science. New York, 1894. url p. 347.
• Manual of the Flora of Jackson County, Missouri, By Kenneth K. MacKenzie, assisted by B. F. Bush and others. Kansas City, Mo., s.n., 1902 url p. 186.
• Manual of the botany of the northern United States: including the district east of the Mississippi and north of North Carolina and Tennessee, arranged according to the natural system / by Asa Gray. New York: Ivison, Phinney, Blakeman, 1867. url p. 277.
• Manual of the flora of Jackson County, Missouri. Assisted by B.F. Bush and others. Kansas City, Mo., 1902. url p. 186.
• Manual of the flora of the northern states and Canada / by Nathaniel Lord Britton. New York: Holt, 1905. url p. 903, p. 906.
• Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. 5 1893 - 18 Durham, N.C.: Published for the Club by the Seeman Printery, 1889- url p. 347.
• Michigan flora. Prepared for the thirtieth annual report of the Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture, by W. J. Beal and C. F. Wheeler. Lansing: R. Smith & co., printers, 1892 url .
• Michigan flora: a list of the fern and seed plants growing without cultivation / prepared by W.J. Beal. [Lansing, Mich.]: State Board of Agriculture: 1904. url .
• Miscellaneous papers on the botany of Michigan, by C. K. Dodge. Prepared under the direction of Alexander G. Ruthven. Published as a part of the Annual report of the Board of Geological Survey for 1920. Lansing, Mich., Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford, State Printers, 1921. url p. 222.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 271, p. 422.
• Plant indicators: the relation of plant communities to process and practice. WashingtonCarnegie Institution of Washington1920 url p. 131.
• Plantae Fendlerianae Novi-Mexicanae: an account of a collection of plants made chiefly in the vicinity of Santa Fe? New Mexico, by Augustus Fendler /with descriptions of the new species, critical remarks and characters of other undescribed or little known plants from surrounding regions by Asa Gray. 1848 Boston, 1848 url p. 113.
• Publication. Field Columbian Museum. Chicago.: Field Columbian Museum, 1895-1909. url p. 233.
• Report of the Michigan Academy of Science. Lansing, Mich.: The Academy, 1904-1916. url p. 137, p. 200.
• Reports of the Survey. Botanical series. Minneapolis [etc.]1892- url p. 714, p. 715, p. 791.
• Rock River area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, Natural History Survey Division, in conjunction with State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, IL: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1996- url p. 127, p. 20, p. 71, p. 73.
• Small, J. K. Flora of the southeastern United States;being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolin, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana and the Indian territory and in Oklahoma and Texas east of the one-hundredth meridian /by John Kunkel Small. .. 1903 New York: The author, 1903. url p. 1313, p. 1314.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. 31 1888 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. url p. 426, p. 455.
• Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url p. 29, p. 31.
• Synoptical flora of North America. New York, American Book Company, 1878-1895/97 [v.2, pt. 1, 1878] url p. 426.
• Synoptical flora of North America: the Gamopetalae, a second edition of vol. I, pt. II, and vol. II, pt. I / collected by Asa Gray. Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1888. url p. 426.
• The American entomologist. St. Louis: R.P. Studley & Co., 1868-1870. url p. 280.
• The American midland naturalist. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame. url p. 119.
• The Asa Gray bulletin. 2 1953 Ann Arbor, Mich. url p. 192, p. 377, p. xiv.
• The Canadian journal; a repertory of industry, science, and art; and a record of the proceedings of the Canadian Institute. Toronto: Published by H. Scobie for the Council of the Canadian Institute. url p. 223.
• The Metaspermae of the Minnesota Valley: a list of the higher seed-producing plants indigenous to the drainage-basin of the Minnesota River / by Conway MacMillan. Minneapolis: Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota, 1892. url p. 714, p. 715, p. 791.
• The Metaspermae of the Minnesota valley; a list of the higher seed-producing plants indigenous to the drainage-basin of the Minnesota river. Minneapolis[Harrison & Smith, State Printers]1892 url p. 568, p. 714, p. 715, p. 791.
• The Ohio journal of science. Columbus, Ohio, The Ohio State University and the Ohio Academy of Science url p. 68.
• The Ottawa naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 274.
• The University of Kansas science bulletin. 48 1969 [Lawrence]: University of Kansas, 1902-1996. url p. 578.
• The flora of Scott and Muscatine counties. By W.D. Barnes, Fred Reppert [and] A.A. Miller. Davenport, Iowa, 1901 url p. 235.
• The flora of Tennessee and a philosophy of botany: respectfully dedicated to the citizens of Tennessee / by Augustin Gattinger. Nashville: Press of Gospel Advocate Pub. Co., 1901. url p. 161.
• The plants of Michigan; simple keys for the identification of the native seed plants of the state, by Henry Allan Gleason. Ann Arbor, G. Wahr, c1918. url p. 117.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 1183.
• Torrey, J. Report on the United States and Mexican boundary survey: made under the direction of the secretary of the Interior /by William H. Emory, major First Cavalry, and United States commissioner. 2(1) 1859 Washington: C. Wendell, printer, 1857-59. url p. 107, p. 107, p. 248.
• Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. [St. Louis: Academy of Science of St. Louis], 1860-1958. url , p. 1, p. 142, p. 142, p. 142.
• Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science. Springfield, Ill., Illinois State Academy of Science [etc.] url p. 105.
• Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: W.Y. Morgan, 1903- url p. 200.
• Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science. [Lexington, Ky.]Kentucky Academy of Science, 1923-1997. url p. 135, p. 150, p. 166, p. 75, p. 88.
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• Watson, S. Botany /by Sereno Watson, aided by Daniel C. Eaton, and others. 5 1871 Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1871. url p. 199.
• Beaman, J. H. 1990. Revision of Hieracium (Asteraceae) in Mexico and Central America. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 29: 177.
• Fernald, M. L. 1943c. Notes on Hieracium. Rhodora 45: 317325.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 20, 2007:

• Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2658741
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-37714
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13749897
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:219583-1
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 37714
• MoBot NameID: 2710498
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAST4W0X0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: HILO2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 42982

Footnotes

1. John L. Strother "Hieracium". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 219, 278, 279. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Hieracium longipilum". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 280, 285. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.