Hieracium gracile

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Compositae

The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Tribe Lactuceae

The Lactuceae are a tribe of closely related genera of the sunflower family that are easily recognized because the flowering heads are composed of wholly of ligulate florets that are usually 5-lobed. Another very distinguishing feature is the milky sap . Although not apparent without magnification, the pollen is distinctive in that the spines are more or less restricted to discrete ridges or flanges on the surface of the grain. In other members of the family the spines are distributed more or less evenly over the surface of the pollen grain . The pappus usually consists of scales or stiff hairs . -- Gerald D. Carr.

Genus Hieracium

Perennials , (5 ) 20 150+ cm; taprooted (rootstocks sometimes woody, branched; stolons produced in some taxa) . Stems usually 1, usually erect , usually branched distally, sometimes throughout, sometimes scapiform , glabrous or hairy (induments often complex , see discussion) . Leaves basal, basal and cauline, or cauline; petiolate or sessile; blades mostly elliptic , lanceolate, oblanceolate , oblong , or spatulate , margins entire, denticulate , or dentate [laciniate to pinnatifid ] (faces glabrous or hairy, induments often complex, see discussion) . Heads borne singly or in corymbiform , paniculiform , thyrsiform, umbelliform, or nearly racemiform arrays. Peduncles (terminal and axillary ) not inflated , often bracteate . Calyculi 0 or of 3 13( 16+), deltate to lanceolate or linear bractlets (in 1 2+ series; sometimes intergrading with phyllaries) . Involucres hemispheric or campanulate to cylindric , 3 9[ 12+] mm diam. Phyllaries 5 21( 40+) in 2+ series, lanceolate to linear, subequal to unequal (reflexed in fruit), margins usually little, if at all, scarious , apices obtuse to acute or acuminate. Receptacles flat, pitted , glabrous, epaleate. Florets 6 150+; corollas usually yellow, sometimes white or ochroleucous , sometimes tinged with cyan or red, rarely orange (then often drying scarlet or purplish) . Cypselae usually red-brown or black (tan in H. horridum), usually ± columnar or prismatic , sometimes ± urceolate (slightly bulbous proximally and narrower distally) or nearly fusiform , not distinctly beaked , ribs (or grooves ) usually 10, faces glabrous; pappi persistent (fragile), of 20 80+, distinct , white, sordid , stramineous , or rufous , ± equal or unequal, barbellulate bristles in 1 2+ series. x = 9.

Species 250 1000+: North America, Mexico, Central America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa.

Most plants referable to Hieracium are apomictic (reproducing from asexually produced seeds) . Apomictic reproduction often results in perpetuation of morphologic variants at populational and regional levels. Temptation to name such variants as species has proven irresistible to some botanists; upward of 9,000 species names have been published in Hieracium. Circumscriptions of "species" in Hieracium seem to be more artificial than in most genera of composites . Under these circumstances, I feel it would be irresponsible to recognize any infraspecific taxa here. For the most part, the "species" recognized here are those that have been recognized in local and regional floras of the past 50 or so years. Accepted names and/or changes in synomymies for some species reflect changes suggested by J. H. Beaman (1990), A. Cronquist (1980), and E. G. Voss (1972 1996, vol. 3) . I have maintained a traditional generic circumscription of Hieracium. Some other botanists exclude some species (including numbers 1 6 here) from Hieracium and treat them in Pilosella Hill , which differs from Hieracium in having stolons often produced, ribs of cypselae slightly projecting distally, and bristles of the pappi in one series. For Greenland, T. W. Böcher et al. (1968) reported 18 species of Hieracium: 16 said to be endemic to Greenland plus H. alpinum Linnaeus (known from Greenland and Eurasia ) and H. groenlandicum Arvet-Touvet (= H. vulgatum Fries; known from Greenland and continental North America) . Following H. J. Scoggan (1978 1979, part 4), I have placed 15 names of Greenland "endemics" as synonyms of other names. The type of the 16th "endemic," H. trigonophorum Oskarsson, is probably conspecific with that of H. alpinum. In my key and descriptions , "piloso-hirsute" refers to surfaces with scattered to crowded, tapered, whiplike, straight or curly, smooth to ± barbellate hairs mostly (0.5 ) 2 8( 15+) mm (sometimes called "setae") ; "stellate-pubescent" refers to surfaces with scattered to crowded, ± dendritically branched (often called, but seldom truly, "stellate") hairs mostly 0.05 0.2+ mm (such surfaces are sometimes described as "floccose") ; and "stipitate-glandular" refers to surfaces with scattered to crowded gland-tipped hairs mostly 0.2 0.8( 1.2+) mm. Surfaces of stems, leaves, peduncles, and phyllaries may be glabrous or may bear one, two, or all three of the types of hairs mentioned here; other induments are seldom encountered in hieraciums of the flora area. Given the complexity of the reproductive modes among the plants and the likelihood of misidentifications of vouchers , I have not included chromosome numbers for species. Sexual hieraciums are usually diploids (2n = 18) and the apomictic hieraciums are usually triploids (2n = 27) .

[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,180 meters (0 to 10,433 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Chlorocrepis tristis< /i> (Willd. Ex Spreng.) Á. Löve & D. Löve Gracilis (Hook.) W. A. Weber • Hieracium triste Willd. ex Spreng. var. gracile (Hook.) A. Gray • Pilosella Gracilis

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Fl. bor.-amer. 1:298. 1833

Name verified on 14-May-2007 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 14-May-2007

Similar Species

Members of the genus Hieracium

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 163 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

H. acranthophorum (Tunugdliarfik Hawkweed) · H. acranthophorum var. acranthophorum (Tunugdliarfik Hawkweed) · H. acranthophorum var. isortoquense (Tunugdliarfik Hawkweed) · H. albiflorum (White Hawkweed) · H. alleghaniense (Alleghany Hawkweed) · H. alpinum (Alpine Hawkweed) · H. amitsokense (Royal Hawkweed) · H. angmagssalikense (Blackstyle Hawkweed) · H. argutum (Southern Hawkweed) · H. argutum var. argutum (Southern Hawkweed) · H. arvense (Perennial Sowthistle) · H. atramentarium (Hawkweed) · H. atratum (Polar Hawkweed) · H. aurantiacum (Orange Hawkweed) · H. bolanderi (Bolander Hawkweed) · H. caespitosum (Field Hawkweed) · H. canadense (Canada Hawkweed) · H. canadense var. canadense (Canadian Hawkweed) · H. canadense var. canadense Michx. (Canadian Hawkweed) · H. canadense var. divaricatum (Canadian Hawkweed) · H. canadense var. divaricatum Lepage (Canadian Hawkweed) · H. canadense var. fasciculatum (Canadian Hawkweed) · H. canadense var. subintegrum (Canadian Hawkweed) · H. canadense var. subintegrum Lepage (Canadian Hawkweed) · H. carneum (Huachuca Hawkweed) · H. cernuiforme (Hawkweed) · H. cynoglossoides (Hounds-Tongue Hawkweed) · H. devoldii (Devold's Hawkweed) · H. dutillyanum (Hawkweed) · H. eugenii (Neria Hawkweed) · H. fassettii (Fassett's Hawkweed) · H. fassettii Lepage var. wisconsinense Lepage (pro nm.) (Wisconsin Hawkweed) · H. fassettii var. fassettii (Fassett's Hawkweed) · H. fassettii var. mendicum (Fassett's Hawkweed) · H. fassettii var. wisconsinense (Wisconsin Hawkweed) · H. fendleri (Yellow Hawksbeard) · H. fendleri var. discolor (Yellow Hawkweed) · H. fendleri var. discolor Gray (Yellow Hawkweed) · H. fendleri var. fendleri (Fendler's Hawkweed) · H. fendleri var. fendleri Sch.Bip. (Fendler Hawkweed) · H. fendleri var. mogollense (Mogollon Hawkweed) · H. fendleri var. mogollense Gray (Mogollon Hawkweed) · H. fernaldii (Fernald's Hawkweed) · H. flagellare (Hawkweed) · H. flagellare var. amauracron (Hawkweed) · H. flagellare var. cernuiforme (Hawkweed) · H. flagellare var. flagellare (Hawkweed) · H. flagellare var. glatzense (Hawkweed) · H. flagellare var. pilosius (Hawkweed) · H. flagellare Willd. (pro sp.) var. flagellare Willd. (pro sp.) (Hawkweed) · H. floribundum (Hawkweed) · H. lactucella (Lindenleaf Rosemallow) · H. fuscatrum (Hawkweed) · H. gracile (Alpine Hawkweed) · H. gracile var. alaskanum (Alaska Hawkweed) · H. gracile var. alaskanum Zahn (Alaska Hawkweed) · H. gracile var. detonsum (Low Alpine Hawkweed) · H. gracile var. gracile (Slender Hawkweed) · H. gracile var. yukonense (Yukon Hawkweed) · H. gracile var. yukonense Porsild (Yukon Hawkweed) · H. greenei (Greene's Hawkweed) · H. greenii (Maryland Hawkweed) · H. groenlandicum (Greenland Hawkweed) · H. grohii (Groh's Hawkweed) · H. gronovii (Gronovis Hawkweed) · H. horridum (Prickly Hawkweed) · H. hyparcticum (Arctic Hawkweed) · H. inuloides (Butterfly Hawkweed) · H. ivigtutense (Holsteinsborg Hawkweed) · H. kalmii (Kalm's Hawkweed) · H. kalmii var. kalmii (Kalm's Hawkweed) · H. lachenalii (Common Hawkweed) · H. lactucella (Hawkweed) · H. laevigatum (Smooth Hawkweed) · H. lanatum (Hairy Hawkweed) · H. lemmonii (Lemmon's Hawkweed) · H. lividorubens (Cow Hawkweed) · H. lividorubens var. lividorubens (Cow Hawkweed) · H. lividorubens var. pseudostylum (Cow Hawkweed) · H. lividorubens var. subnudulum (Cow Hawkweed) · H. longiberbe (Long-Bearded Hawkweed) · H. longipilum (Hairy Hawkweed) · H. maculatum (Spotted Hawkweed) · H. marianum (Hawkweed) · H. megacephalon (Coastal Plain Hawkweed) · H. lactucella (Crevice Alumroot) · H. lactucella (Showy Goldeneye) · H. murorum (Wall Hawkweed) · H. musartutense (Musartut Hawkweed) · H. nepiocratum (Lindenows Fjord Hawkweed) · H. paniculatum (Allegheny Hawkweed) · H. lactucella (Littleflower Alumroot) · H. lactucella (Littleleaf Alumroot) · H. perpropinquum (Hawkweed) · H. pilosella (Mouse-Ear Hawkweed) · H. pilosella pseudosedunense (Mouse-Ear Hawkweed) · H. pilosella var. niveum (Mouseear Hawkweed) · H. pilosella var. pilosella (Mouseear Hawkweed) · H. piloselloides (King-Devil Hawkweed) · H. pilosius (Hawkweed)

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Further Reading

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• A flora of northwest America containing brief descriptions of all the known indigenous and naturalized plants growing without cultivation north of California, west of Utah, and south of British Columbia / Portland, Or.: [s.n.], 1901. url .
• A flora of northwest America, containing brief descriptions of all the known indigenous and naturalized plants growing without cultivation north of California, west of Utah, and south of British Columbia. Portland, Or., 1903. url .
• A report upon the boreal flora of the Sierra Nevada of California / by Frank Jason Smiley. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1921. url p. 406.
• Alpine flora of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Illustrated with water-colour drawings and photographs by Mrs. Charles Schäffer. New York, London, G. P. Putnam's sons, 1907. url p. 282.
• Appendix C., vegetation/agricultural resources of the Beal Project area / prepared for Beal Mountain Mining, Inc.; prepared by Ken L. Scow, L. Dean Culwell. Helena, Mont.: Western Technology and Engineering, [1988] url .
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. 7 1920 [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 367, p. 514, p. 846, p. 904.
• Bulletin / University of Montana. Missoula: University of Montana, 1901-1910. url p. 46.
• Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden. Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., url p. 184.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 28 1901 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870-1996 url p. 111, p. 440, p. 571.
• Catalogue of Canadian plants. .. Montreal [etc.]1883-1902. url , p. 557, p. 557.
• Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1892- url .
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 22 1920-1927 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 418, p. 419, p. 547, p. 627, p. 632.
• Dedication papers: scientific papers presented at the dedication of the laboratory building and plant houses, April 19-21, 1917. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1918. url p. 251, p. 294.
• First report on the flora of Wyoming / Aven Nelson. Laramie: Wyoming Experiment Station, 1896. url p. 144.
• Flora of Colorado, Fort Collins, Col., Experiment Station, 1906. url .
• Flora of Colorado, by P. A. Rydberg, PH. D. Fort Collins, Col., Experiment Station, 1906. url p. 406.
• Flora of Colorado, by P.A. Rydberg. Fort Collins, Col., Experiment Station, 1906. url p. 406, p. 406.
• Flora of New Mexico / by E.O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. Washington: G.P.O., 1915. url p. 627.
• Flora of southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho / by Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie. Lancaster, Pa.: New Era, 1914. url p. 251.
• Flora of southern British Columbia and Vancouver Island: with many references to Alaska and northern species / by Joseph Kaye Henry. Toronto: W.J. Gage, c1915. url p. 330.
• Flora of the Queen Charlotte Islands. [Ottawa: Queen's Printer], 1968-. url p. 536.
• Flora of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent plains, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and neighboring parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, and British Columbia, by P. A. Rydberg... New York, The author, 1917. url p. 1028.
• Flora of the Yellowstone National Park / by Frank Tweedy. Washington, D.C.: Published by the author, 1886. url p. 50.
• Flora of the northwest coast, including the area west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains, from the forty-ninth parallel south to the Calapooia Mountains on the south border of Lane County, Oregon. Lancaster, Pa., Press of the New Era Printing Company, 1915. url .
• Flora of the northwest coast: including the area west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains, from the forty-ninth parallel south to the Calapooia Mountains on the south border of Lane County, Oregon / by Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie. Lancaster, Pa.: Press of the New era printing company, 1915. url p. 357.
• Flora of the southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho, Lancaster, Pa., Press of the New Era Printing Company, 1914. url .
• Flora of the state of Washington / by Charles V. Piper. Washington: G.P.O., 1906 url p. 547.
• Flora of the state of Washington. By Charles V. Piper. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1906. url p. 547.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1987 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 205, p. 79.
• Hooker, W. J. Flora boreali-americana, or, the botany of the northern parts of British America: compiled principally from the plants collected by Dr. Richardson &amp; Mr. Drummond on the late northern expeditions, under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. To which are added (by permission of the Horticultural society of London, ) those of Mr. Douglas, from north-west America, and of other naturalists /by Sir William Jackson Hooker. 1 1840 London, H.G. Bohn [1829]-1840. url p. 298.
• Leaflets of western botany. San Fransisco:[J. T. Howell], 1932-1966. url p. 280, p. 296.
• Memoirs / Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Brooklyn, N.Y.: The Garden, 1918-1936. url p. 251, p. 294.
• Mount Rainier: a record of exploration / edited by Edmond S. Meany. New York: Macmillan, 1916. url p. 259.
• Mountain wild flowers of America: a simple and popular guide to the names and descriptions of the flowers that bloom above the clouds / by Julia W. Henshaw. Boston: Ginn, 1906. url p. 3, p. 311, p. 378, p. xvii.
• Mountain wild flowers of America; a simple and popular guide to the names and descriptions of the flowers that bloom above the clouds, by Julia W. Henshaw. Toronto, Briggs, 1906. url , p. 3, p. 311, p. 378, p. 378.
• Mountain wild flowers of Canada; a simple and popular guide to the names and descriptions of the flowers that bloom above the clouds, Julia W. Henshaw. Toronto, Briggs, 1906. url p. 378.
• New manual of botany of the central Rocky mountains (vascular plants) Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Company[c1909] url .
• North American fauna. Washington: Fish and Wildlife Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U. S. Govt. Print. Off. url p. 168, p. 30, p. 53, p. 66, p. 67, p. 77, p. 79.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 371.
• Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Boston: Metcalf and Co., 1846-1958 url p. 392.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 695.
• Publications in botany / Ottawa: The Museum, 1969- url p. 68.
• Results of a biological survey of Mount Shasta, California, Washington, Govt Print. Off., 1899. url , , , .
• Results of a biological survey of mount Shasta, California, by C. Hart Merriam, chief of Divison of Biological Survey. Washington, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Div. of Biological Survey: 1899. url p. 168, p. 67, p. 75, p. 77, p. 79.
• Sensitive plant species surveys, Butte District, Beaverhead and Madison Counties, Montana / by Bonnie L. Heidel and Jim Vanderhorst, for Bureau of Land Management. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1996] url , p. 65.
• Sensitive plant surveys in the Big Belt and Elkhorn Mountains, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Region 1, Helena National Forest, Montana / prepared by Jackie M. Poole and Bonnie L. Heidel; prepared for Helena National Forest. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1993] url , .
• Sensitive plant surveys in the Gallatin National Forest, Montana / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst; prepared for U.S. Forest Service, Gallatin National Forest. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1994]. url p. 71.
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• Survey for Botrychium paradoxum in the vicinity of Storm Lake, Deerlodge National Forest / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst; prepared for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c1993. url p. 55.
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• The University of Missouri studies. [Columbia]: The University, 1905-1918. url p. 188, p. 40.
• The flora of Boulder, Colorado, and vicinity, by Francis Potter Daniels. .. [Columbia, Mo.]The University of Missouri, 1911. url p. 40.
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• The mammals and life zones of Oregon. By Vernon Bailey. Washington[U.S. Govt. Print. Off.]1936. url p. 30.
• Torrey, J. & A. Gray A flora of North America: containing abridged descriptions of all the known indigenous and naturalized plants growing north of Mexico, arranged according to the natural system /by John Torrey and Asa Gray. New York: Wiley &amp; Putnam, 1838-[1843]. url p. 478.
• University of California publications in botany. Berkeley, Calif., University of California Press, 1902-2001. url p. 406.
• Vascular plant and sensitive plant species inventory for the highland mountains, Deerlodge National Forest; prepared for Deerlodge National Forest / prepared by Peter Lesica. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1992] url p. 21, p. 41.
• Vegetation and flora of the Line Creek Plateau area, Carbon County, Montana / prepared by Peter Lesica and the Montana Natural Heritage Program; prepared for USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1993] url p. 27.
• Wild flowers of the North American mountains. New York, McBride, 1917. url p. 362, p. 372, p. 44.
• Beaman, J. H. 1990. Revision of Hieracium (Asteraceae) in Mexico and Central America. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 29: 177.
• Fernald, M. L. 1943c. Notes on Hieracium. Rhodora 45: 317325.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 20, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 11 providers.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 20, 2007:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2658736
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-37709
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13749899
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:290163-2
• GRIN Nomen Number: 452164
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 37709
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAST4W0J0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: HITRG2 HIG
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 42973

Footnotes

1. John L. Strother "Hieracium". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 219, 278, 279. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 1,438.860 meters (4,720.669 feet), Standard Deviation = 661.840 based on 293 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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