Hibiscus dasycalyx

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes

Overview

Critically Endangered

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Malvaceae

Herbs, shrubs , or less often trees ; indumentum usually with peltate scales or stellate hairs . Leaves alternate, stipulate , petiolate ; leaf blade usually palmately veined, entire or various lobed . Flowers solitary, less often in small cymes or clusters , axillary or subterminal , often aggregated into terminal racemes or panicles, usually conspicuous , actinomorphic , usually bisexual (unisexual in Kydia) . Epicalyx often present, forming an involucre around calyx, 3- to many lobed. Sepals 5, valvate , free or connate . Petals 5, free, contorted, or imbricate, basally adnate to base of filament tube . Stamens usually very many, filaments connate into tube; anthers 1-celled. Pollen spiny . Ovary superior, with 2-25 carpels, often separating from one another and from axis; ovules 1 to many per locule; style as many or 2 × as many as pistils, apex branched or capitate. Fruit a loculicidal capsule or a schizocarp, separating into individual mericarps, rarely berrylike when mature (Malvaviscus) ; carpels sometimes with an endoglossum (a crosswise projection from back wall of carpel to make it almost completely septate . Seeds often reniform , glabrous or hairy , sometimes conspicuously so.

About 100 genera and ca. 1000 species: tropical and temperate regions of N and S Hemisphere; 19 genera (four introduced ) and 81 species (24 endemic, 16 introduced) in China.

Molecular studies have shown that the members of the Bombacaceae, Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Tiliaceae form a very well-defined monophyletic group that is divided into ten also rather well-defined clades, only two of which correspond to the traditional families Bombacaceae and Malvaceae. Some of the remaining groups are included entirely within either of the remaining families but others cut across the traditional divide between the Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae. A majority of authors , most notably Bayer and Kubitzki (Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 5: 225-311. 2003), has favored including everything within a greatly enlarged Malvaceae, and treating the individual clades as subfamilies. The alternative view is that the individual clades should be treated as a series of ten families: Bombacaceae (Bombacoideae), Brownlowiaceae (Brownlowioideae), Byttneriaceae (Byttnerioideae), Durionaceae (Durionoideae), Helicteraceae (Helicteroideae), Malvaceae (Malvoideae), Pentapetaceae (Dombeyoideae), Sparrmanniaceae (Grewioideae), Sterculiaceae (Sterculioideae), and Tiliaceae (Tilioideae) (Cheek in Heywood et al. , Fl. Pl. Fam. World. 201-202. 2007) . For the present treatment, we prefer to retain the familiar, traditional four families, so as to maintain continuity with the treatments in FRPS, and to await a consensus on the two alternative strategies for dealing with the very widely accepted clades.

The traditional Malvaceae coincides exactly with one of the major clades. The only possible problem is the relationship with the Bombacaceae, which also has primarily 1-loculed anthers, and some authorities have suggested that the Bombacaceae should be included within the Malvaceae.

Members of the Malvaceae are important as fiber crops (particularly cotton, Gossypium) . Young leaves of many species can be used as vegetables, and species of Abelmoschus and Hibiscus are grown as minor food crops. Many species have attractive flowers and an ever-increasing selection is grown as ornamentals . Several have been cultivated for a very long time, particularly species of Hibiscus, and some of these are not known in the wild.Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert & Laurence J. Dorr "Malvaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 240, 264,299, 302. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Genus Hibiscus

Shrubs , subshrubs , trees , or herbs. Leaf blade palmately lobed or entire , basal veins 3 or more. Flowers axillary , usually solitary, sometimes subterminal and ± congested into a terminal raceme , 5-merous, bisexual . Epicalyx lobes 5 to many, free or connate at base , rarely very short (H. schizopetalus) or absent (H. lobatus) . Calyx campanulate , rarely shallowly cup-shaped or tubular , 5-lobed or 5-dentate, persistent . Corolla usually large and showy, variously colored , often with dark center; petals adnate at base to staminal tube . Filament tube well developed, apex truncate or 5-dentate; anthers throughout or only on upper half of tube. Ovary 5-loculed or, as a result of false partitions, 10-loculed; ovules 3 to many per locule; style branches 5; stigmas capitate. Fruit a capsule, cylindrical to globose , valves 5, dehiscence loculicidal and sometimes partially septicidal or indehiscent (H. vitifolius Linnaeus) . Seeds reniform , hairy or glandular verrucose .

About 200 species: tropical and subtropical regions; 25 species (12 endemic, four introduced ) in China.

According to recent molecular studies (Pfeil et al. , Syst. Bot. 27: 333-350. 2002), Hibiscus is paraphyletic, and as more taxa are sampled and a more robust phylogeny is constructed, the genus undoubtedly will be recast. Species of other genera of Hibisceae found in China, such as Abelmoschus, Malvaviscus, and Urena, fall within a monophyletic Hibiscus clade. Decaschistia, which is currently placed in the Decaschisteae, also falls within this clade, but only a single Australian species was sampled and this may not be representative of the genus as a whole. Given the unsettled taxonomy of Hibiscus, we are choosing to be conservative, recognizing the paraphyletic nature of Abelmoschus, Malvaviscus, Urena, and possibly Decaschistia, and refraining from recognizing additional segregates of Hibiscus such as Fioria and Talipariti, which themselves may not be monophyletic.

The large colorful flowers of many species mean that the genus is of great horticultural interest."Hibiscus". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 264, 286,294. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Physical Description

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 15-18" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Hibiscus dasycalyx Blake & Shiller
2. Hibiscus dasycalyx S. F. Blake & Shiller, 1958

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : J. Wash . Acad. Sci. 48:277. 1958

Name verified on 22-Dec-1995 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 27-Aug-1996

Similar Species

Members of the genus Hibiscus

There are approximately 8984 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

H. corrugatus · H. hongjinma · H. superbus · H. telfziriae · H.'Albert Behnke' (Albert Behnke Hardy Hibiscus) · H. 'Alicante' · H. 'Ankara' · H. 'Antie-Di' · H. 'Aurora' · H. 'Barcelona' · H. 'Bari' · H. 'Bordeaux' (Bordeaux Hardy Hibiscus) · H. 'Burning Sensation' · H. 'Cadiz' · H. 'Calcutta' · H. 'Candy Wind' · H. 'Cannes' · H. 'Capri Wind' · H. 'Carlton' · H. 'Caroline' · H. 'Cathy' · H. 'Como' · H. 'Copenhagen' · H. 'Coppertone' · H. 'Corine Grant' · H. 'Dev' · H. 'Didier Silvestre' · H. 'Dixie Belle' · H. 'El Nino' · H. 'Fehcarm' · H. 'Great Orange' · H. 'Hawaian Girl' · H. 'Hollanda' · H. 'Janine Grant' · H. 'Janine Sauzier' · H. 'Koniger' · H. 'La Vaillante' · H. 'Lae Orange' · H. 'Laurie' · H. 'Lavender Queen' · H. 'Lookitthat' (Tropical Hibiscus) · H. 'Marjorie Beard' (Marjorie Beard Hibiscus) · H. 'Marushika' · H. 'Moesiana' · H. 'Monique' · H. 'Morning Glory' · H. 'Moy Grande' (Big Red Hibiscus) · H. 'Nadine Nicolin' · H. 'Old Yella' · H. 'Pama' · H.'Pinot Noir' (Pinot Noir Hardy Hibiscus) · H. 'Princess Margaret' · H. 'Red Flyer' (Red Flyer Mallow) · H. 'Rising Sun' · H. 'Roxane' · H. 'Russian Violet' · H. 'Sanseev' · H. 'Sheer Joy' · H. 'Southern Belle Mix' (Southern Belle Hibiscus) · H. 'Sunshine Bright Orange' · H. 'Sunshine Bright Red' · H. 'Sunshine Dark Orange' · H. 'Sunshine Orange' · H. 'Sunshine Purple' · H. 'Sunshine Yellow' · H.'Tropical Braid' (Tropical Braid Hibiscus) · H. 'Vinod' · H. 'Yellow Fever' · H. 'Zette' · H. abelmoschus var. genuinus · H. abutiloides · H. abyssinicus · H. acalpulcensis · H. acapulcensis · H. acerifolius · H. acetosaefolius · H. acetosella (African Rose Mallow) · H. acetosella 'Maple Sugar' (African Rose Mallow) · H. acetosella 'Red Shield' (African Rose Mallow) · H. acetosifolius · H. acetosus · H. achanioides · H. acicularis · H. aculeatus (Comfortroot) · H. acuminatus · H. acutus · H. adenosiphon · H. adoensis · H. adscendens · H. adscensionis · H. aestuans · H. aethiopicus · H. affinis · H. africanus · H. agioxillos · H. ahlensis · H. albiflorus · H. albus · H. allenii · H. althaeifolia

Bibliography

• Carr, W.R.; Orzell, S.; Poole, J.M. (1999). Texas Natural Heritage Program element occurence records. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Endangered Resources Branch. Austin,TX.
• Correll, D.S.; Correll, H.B. 1972. Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 1777p.
• Creech, D. 1996. Research with Native Plants: What the Universities are Doing. Restoration and Management Notes. 14, 2: 192.
• Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the U.S., Canada, and Greenland. In: Kartesz, J.T.; Meacham, C.A., editors. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden. Chapel Hill, NC.
• Kennedy, Kathryn; Poole, J.; Orzell, S. 1990. Status report on Hibiscus dasycalys (Neches River rose-mallow). Albuquerque, NM: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. p.32.
• Klips, R. A. 1995. Amer. J. Bot. 82:1463–1472. [may be best regarded as a variety or subspecies of H. laevis All.].
• Klips, Robert A. 1995. Genetic affinity of the rare eastern Texas endemic Hibiscus dasycalyx; (Malvaceae). American Journal of Botany. 82: 1463-1472.
• McMahan, L.R. 1988. Tale of Two Mallows: Neches river rose mallow. Center for Plant Conservation Newsletter. 3, 4
• Nemec, K. 2000. Do you have the Neches River Rose-mallow Hibiscus dasycalyx. Houston, Texas: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Clear Lake Lead Office.
• Nixon, E.S.; Cunningham, B.L. 1985. Trees, shrubs, and woody vines of East Texas. Nacogdoches, TX: B.L. Cunningham Productions. 240p.
• Poole, J.; Janssen, G.K. Managing and Monitoring Rare and Endangered Plants on Highway Rights-of-way in Texas. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-GTR-283. Proceedings of the Southwestern Rare and Endangered Plant Conference; September 11-14; Flagstaff, AZ. In: Maschinski, J.; Hammond, H.D.; Holter, L., editors. 1996. USDA and US Forest Service. p 8-12.
• SABG. 1990. Native endangered species propagation: Hibiscus dasycalyx. Austin, TX: Unpublished Report by San Antonio Botanical Garden to the Texas Natural Heritage Program Files, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Endangered Resources Branch.
• Scott, Stacy Elizabeth. 1997. The Horticultural Treatment and Introduction of a Rare Wetland Plant: Neches River Rose-Mallow (Hibiscus dasycalyx). [Masters Thesis]: Stephen F. Austin State University. Nacogdoches, Texas.
• Smith, E.; Creech, D. 1995. A propagation and reintroduction strategy for the Neches River Rose Mallow, Hibiscus dasycalyx. Hortscience. 30, 4: 805.
• Feng Kuo-mei. 1984. Malvaceae. In: Feng Kuo-mei, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 49(2): 1-102.
• Feng Kuo-mei. 1984. Malvaceae. In: Feng Kuo-mei, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 49(2): 1-102.

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Notes

Contributors

• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 02, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 17, 2008.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 02, 2008:

• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2647635
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-21627
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 265083
• GRIN Nomen Number: 400631
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 21627
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 560164-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDMAL0H0E0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: HIDA
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 42919

Footnotes

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