Heuchera rubescens

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Saxifragaceae

Herbs or shrubs , rarely trees or vines . Leaves simple or compound , usually alternate or opposite, usually exstipulate . Flowers usually in cymes, panicles, or racemes , rarely solitary, usually bisexual , rarely unisexual , hypogynous or ± epigynous , rarely perigynous, usually biperianthial, rarely monochlamydeous , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic, 4- or 5(-10) -merous. Sepals sometimes petal-like. Petals usually free , sometimes absent. Stamens (4 or) 5-10 or many; filaments free; anthers 2-loculed; staminodes often present. Carpels 2, rarely 3-5(-10), usually ± connate ; ovary superior or semi-inferior to inferior, 2- or 3-5(-10) -loculed with axile placentation , or 1-loculed with parietal placentation , rarely with apical placentation; ovules usually many, 2- to many seriate , crassinucellate or tenuinucellate , sometimes with transitional forms; integument 1- or 2-seriate; styles free or ± connate. Fruit a capsule or berry, rarely a follicle or drupe. Seeds albuminous , rarely not so; albumen of cellular type, rarely of nuclear type; embryo small.

About 80 genera and 1200 species: worldwide; 29 genera (two endemic), and 545 species (354 endemic, seven introduced ) in China.

During the past several years, cladistic analyses of morphological, chemical, and DNA data have made it clear that the recognition of the Saxifragaceae sensu lato (Engler, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 18a: 74-226. 1928) is untenable. Among the angiosperm families, Saxifragaceae sensu lato may in fact represent the most extreme example of a polyphyletic assemblage . For example, recent analyses of DNA sequence data indicate that these taxa represent at least ten separate evolutionary lines , many of which are only distantly related to one another (Morgan & Soltis, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80: 631-660. 1993; Soltis & Soltis, Amer. J. Bot. 84: 504-522. 1997) . Furthermore, very large molecular phylogenetic analyses of hundreds of angiosperms indicate that these separate lineages are distributed among four of the six traditionally recognized subclasses of dicotyledons (Savolainen et al. , Syst. Biol. 49: 306-362. 2000; Soltis et al., Nature 402: 402-404. 1999) . These recent studies have also greatly clarified how this phylogenetically diverse assemblage should be divided into families and treated taxonomically (see The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG), Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85: 531-553. 1998) . Recent studies of DNA sequence data have clarified both the circumscription and affinities of a narrowly defined Saxifragaceae (Saxifragaceae sensu stricto) and Hydrangeaceae (Soltis et al., Amer. J. Bot. 82: 504-514. 1995; Savolainen et al., loc. cit. ; Soltis et al., loc. cit. 1999) . Saxifragaceae sensu stricto should consist only of Saxifragoideae, a group of about 30 herbaceous genera. Members of Saxifragaceae sensu stricto from the Chinese flora include Astilbe, Astilboides, Bergenia, Chrysosplenium, Mitella, Mukdenia, Oresitrophe, Rodgersia, Saxifraga, Tanakaea, Tiarella, and the recently described Saniculiphyllum. Close relatives of Saxifragaceae sensu stricto include Itea, Penthorum, and Ribes. These genera, the sole members of Iteoideae, Penthoroideae, and Ribesioideae, respectively, are also best treated in separate families: Iteaceae, Penthoraceae, and Grossulariaceae (see APG, loc. cit.) . These taxa, as well as several others, such as Crassulaceae, are basal to a large assemblage of taxa, most of which were traditionally placed in Rosidae . Sequence data also indicate that Parnassia (the sole member of the Parnassioideae) is a more derived member of the rosid alliance , most closely related to Brexia and Lepuropetalon (also part of Saxifragaceae sensu lato) and Celastraceae. Parnassia and Lepuropetalon should be placed in Parnassiaceae with Brexia part of an expanded Celastraceae (APG, loc. cit.) .

Both morphological and molecular data indicate that Hydrangeoideae and Escallonioideae are, in contrast, allied with taxa traditionally placed in Asteridae. Hydrangeoideae are a well-defined, monophyletic lineage that should be treated as Hydrangeaceae. In China they include Cardiandra, Decumaria, Deinanthe, Deutzia, Dichroa, Hydrangea, Kirengeshoma, Philadelphus, Pileostegia, Platycrater, and Schizophragma, and are closely allied with families such as Cornaceae, Loasaceae, and Nyssaceae. Escallonioideae appear to be polyphyletic, and this group of approximately 14 genera is in need of thorough study. Members of this subfamily are allied with several different lineages of higher asterids. Polyosma, the only member of Escallonioideae in China, appears closely allied with Caprifoliaceae (Xiang & Soltis in Boufford & Ohba, Sino-Japanese Flora: its Characteristics and Diversification, 1998) .[1]

Physical Description

Landscaping

Care: Deer resistant. Very easy. Tolerates dry shade.

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,998 meters (0 to 9,836 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 24-30" apart.

Soil: Prefers moist, well-drained organic soil. Best growth in rich soil dappled with shade. • Minimum pH: 4.6 • Maximum pH: 6.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to part shade.

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High • Water Requirements: Water regularly.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : Torr. Publication : Exped. Great Salt Lake 388 1852

Similar Species

Members of the genus Heuchera

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 403 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

H. abramsii (Abrams Alumroot) · H. alba (White Alumroot) · H. alpestris (San Bernardino Mountain Alumroot) · H. americana (Alum Root) · H. americana var. americana (American Alumroot) · H. americana var. hirsuticaulis (American Alumroot) · H. americana var. hispida (American Alumroot) · H. americana var. hispida (Pursh) E.Wells (American Alumroot) · H. americana 'Bartram' (Alumroot) · H. americana 'Biddulph Brown' (Alumroot) · H. americana 'Cascade Dawn' (Alumroot) · H. americana 'Chocolate Ruffles' (Chocolate Ruffles Coral Bells) · H. americana 'Chocolate Veil' (Alumroot) · H. americana 'Dale's Strain' (Alumroot) · H. americana 'Emerald Veil' (Alumroot) · H. americana 'Garnet' (Alumroot) · H. americana 'Ginger Ale' (Alum Root) · H. americana 'Green Spice' (Alumroot) · H. americana 'Lss Rocky Road' (Alumroot) · H. americana 'Montrose Ruby' (Montrose Ruby Heuchera) · H. americana 'Purple Sails' (Alumroot) · H. americana 'Ruby Ruffles' (Alumroot) · H. americana 'Ruby Veil' (Alumroot) · H. americana 'Velvet Cloak' (Alumroot) · H. americana 'Velvet Night' (Alumroot) · H. bracteata (Alum Root) · H. brevistaminea (Laguna Heuchera) · H. caespitosa (Tufted Alum-Root) · H. caroliniana (Carolina Alum-Root) · H. chlorantha (Green-Flower Alum-Root) · H. cuneata (Alumroot) · H. cylindrica (Coral Flower) · H. cylindrica Douglas ex Hook. var. cylindrica (Roundleaf Alumroot) · H. cylindrica Douglas ex Hook. var. septentrionalis Rosendahl, Butters & Lakela (Roundleaf Alumroot) · H. cylindrica f. valida (Roundleaf Alumroot) · H. cylindrica var. alpina (Alpine Alumroot) · H. cylindrica var. cylindrica (Roundleaf Alumroot) · H. cylindrica var. glabella (Beautiful Alumroot) · H. cylindrica var. orbicularis (Poker Alumroot) · H. cylindrica var. septentrionalis (Roundleaf Alumroot) · H. cylindrica 'Greenfinch' (Alumroot) · H. cylindrica 'Green Marble' (Alumroot) · H. duranii (Duran's Alumroot) · H. easthamii (Eastham Alumroot) · H. eastwoodiae (Senator Mine Alum-Root) · H. elegans (Urn-Flower Alumroot) · H. elegans 'Bella Blanca' (Alumroot) · H. flabellifolia (Bridger Mountain Alum-Root) · H. flabellifolia Rydb. var. flabellifolia Rydb. (Bridger Mountain Alumroot) · H. flabellifolia Rydb. var. subsecta Rosendahl, Butters & Lakela (Bridger Mountain Alumroot) · H. flabellifolia var. flabellifolia (Bridger Mountain Alumroot) · H. flabellifolia var. subsecta (Bridger Mountain Alumroot) · H. glabra (Alpine Alumroot) · H. glomerulata (Chiricahua Mountain Alum-Root) · H. grossulariifolia (Gooseberry-Leaf Alumroot) · H. grossulariifolia Rydb. var. grossulariifolia Rydb. (Gooseberryleaf Alumroot) · H. grossulariifolia var. grossulariifolia (Gooseberryleaf Alumroot) · H. grossulariifolia var. tenuifolia (Gooseberryleaf Alumroot) · H. hallii (Front Range Alum-Root) · H. hirsutissima (Shaggy-Hair Alumroot) · H. hirsutissima 'Santa Rosa' (Alumroot) · H. longiflora (Goldeneye) · H. maxima (Island Alum Root) · H. merriamii (Merriam Alumroot) · H. merriamii 'Primrose Path Selection' (Alumroot) · H. micrantha (Crevice Alum-Root) · H. micrantha 'Palace Purple' (Alumroot) · H. micrantha f. acuta (Alumroot) · H. micrantha Lindl. ssp. diversifolia (Rydb.) R.B. & L. (Crevice Alumroot) · H. micrantha var. diversifolia (Crevice Alumroot) · H. micrantha var. erubescens (Crevice Alumroot) · H. micrantha var. hartwegii (Hartweg's Alumroot) · H. micrantha var. macropetala (Crevice Alumroot) · H. micrantha var. micrantha (Crevice Alumroot) · H. micrantha var. micrantha Douglas ex Lindl. (Crevice Alumroot) · H. micrantha var. pacifica (Pacific Alumroot) · H. micrantha var. pacifica Rosendahl, Butters & Lakela (Pacific Alumroot) · H. micrantha 'Bressingham Bronze' (Alumroot) · H. micrantha 'Martha Roderick' (Alumroot) · H. micrantha 'Painted Lady' (Alumroot) · H. micrantha 'Ruffles' (Alumroot) · H. micrantha 'Strawberry Swirl' (Alumroot) · H. novomexicana (New Mexico Alum-Root) · H. parishii (Mill Creek Alumroot) · H. parviflora (Little-Flowered Alumroot) · H. parviflora var. parviflora (Littleflower Alumroot) · H. parviflora var. puberula (Littleflower Alumroot) · H. parvifolia (Little-Leaf Alum-Root) · H. parvifolia var. arizonica (Little-Leaf Alumroot) · H. parvifolia var. arizonica Rosendahl, Butters & Lakela (Arizona Alumroot) · H. parvifolia var. flavescens (Littleleaf Alumroot) · H. parvifolia var. flavescens (Rydb.) Rosendahl, Butters & Lakela (Littleleaf Alumroot) · H. parvifolia var. major (Littleleaf Alumroot) · H. parvifolia var. major Rosendahl, Butters & Lakela (Littleleaf Alumroot) · H. parvifolia var. microcarpa (Littleleaf Alumroot) · H. parvifolia var. microcarpa Rosendahl, Butters & Lakela (Littleleaf Alumroot) · H. parvifolia var. nivalis (Littleleaf Alumroot) · H. parvifolia var. parvifolia (Littleleaf Alumroot) · H. parvifolia var. utahensis (Utah Alumroot) · H. parvifolia var. utahensis (Rydb.) Garrett (Utah Alumroot)

More Info

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Further Reading

• 1997 IUCN red list of threatened plants Cambridge: IUCN, World Conservation Union, 1998 url p. 545.
• A flora of California, by Willis Linn Jepson. San Francisco, Calif., Cunningham, Curtis & Welch, 1909- url p. 136, p. 137.
• A popular California flora: or, Manual of botany for beginners with illustrated introductory lessons, especially adapted to the Pacific Coast; to which is added an analytical key to west coast botany, containing brief descripti by Volney Rattan. San Francisco: Whitaker & Ray, 1896. url p. 56.
• A report upon the boreal flora of the Sierra Nevada of California / by Frank Jason Smiley. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1921. url p. 215.
• American plants. .. [Descriptions, bibliographical notes, synonymy, and other information, comp. from many sources] Charles Russell Orcutt, editor. San Diego, Calif., [1907]-1910. url p. 619.
• An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] url p. 379, p. 381, p. 382.
• Annual report. United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories. 1st-12th, 1867-1878. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1867-83. url p. 482.
• Bibliographical index to North American botany; or, Citations of authorities for all the recorded indigenous and naturalized species of the flora of North America, with a chronological arrangement of the synonymy. by Sereno Watson. Washington, Smithsonian Institution, 1878. url p. 326.
• Botanic contributions relating to the flora of western North America [by] Gray, Engelmann, Torrey [and] Fre?mont. v.p., 1843-53 url p. 388.
• Botany Cambridge, Mass., John Wilson and Son, 1880 url p. 200.
• Botany. Cambridge, Mass.Welch, Bigelow, University Press, 1876-80. url p. 200.
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. 22 1905 [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 108, p. 110, p. 536, p. 904.
• Bulletin of the California Academy of Sciences. [S.l.: The Academy], 1884- url p. 136.
• Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. Los Angeles, Calif.: The Academy, 1902-1971. url , p. 42, p. 43.
• Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories / Department of the Interior. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1874- url p. 236.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- url p. 39, p. 43.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 2 1891-1894 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 109, p. 120, p. 190, p. 256, p. 28, p. 6, p. 99.
• Elementary flora of the Northwest, Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Company[c1914] url .
• Exploration and survey of the Valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah: including a reconnoissance of a new route through the Rocky Mountains / Philadelphia: Lippincott, Gramabo & Co., 1852. url p. 388, p. 482.
• Exploration and survey of the valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah, including a reconnoissance of a new route through the Rocky Mountains. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo & Co., 1852. url p. 482.
• Field book of western wild flowers, by Margaret Armstrong in collaboration with J.J. Thornber. .. with five hundred illustrations in black and white, and forty-eight plates in color drawn from nature by the author. London, C. [sic] P. Putnam's Sons, 1915. url p. 588, p. 588.
• Flora Franciscana. An attempt to classify and describe the vascular plants of middle California. By Edward L. Greene. San Francisco, Cubery & Co., Printers, 1891-97. url p. 194.
• Flora of southern and Lower California: a check-list of the flowering plants and ferns / by Charles Russell Orcutt. San Diego, Calif.: [s.n.], 1885. url p. 5.
• Florists' review Chicago: Florists' Pub. Co. url .
• Garden and forest; a journal of horticulture, landscape art and forestry. New York: The Garden and forest publishing co., 1888-97. url p. 323.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1987 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 559.
• Journal of the International Garden Club. New York, International garden club. url p. 221.
• Key to the Rocky Mountain flora. Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and British Columbia. New York, [c1919] url .
• Leaflets of western botany. San Fransisco:[J. T. Howell], 1932-1966. url p. 148, p. 53.
• National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- url p. 205.
• New manual of botany of the central Rocky mountains (vascular plants) Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Company[c1909] url .
• Occasional papers - San Diego Society of Natural History. San Diego, The Society. url p. 65.
• Papilio. New York, New York Entomological Club. url p. 237.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 192, p. 397.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, The Academy. url p. 53.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 8 1885 Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 496.
• Report upon United States Geographical surveys west of the one hundredth meridian, Washington, Govt. print. off., 1875-89. url .
• Rocky mountain flowers; an illustrated guide for plantlovers and plant-users; with twenty-five plates in color and twenty-one plates in black and white [by] Frederic Edward Clements...and Edith Schwartz Clements... 1914 New York city, the H.W. Wilson company, 1914. url p. 192.
• Smithsonian contributions to knowledge. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1848-1916. url p. 63, p. 64.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. 15 1878 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. url p. 326.
• Spring flora of the Wasatch region / by A.O. Garrett. Salt Lake City: Skelton Publishing, 1911. url p. 39.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 26.
• The Great Basin naturalist. 48 1988 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 106, p. 116, p. 173, p. 173, p. 234, p. 27, fig. 3, page 280, p. 294, p. 38, p. 56, p. 620, p. 624, p. 95.
• The Plant world. Baltimore [etc.]Plant World Association [etc.] url p. 183.
• The flora of southwestern Colorado / by T.S. Brandegee. Washington: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 1876. url p. 236.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 1474, p. 1475.
• The vegetation of a desert mountain range as conditioned by climatic factors, Washington, D. C., Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1915. url , .
• The weekly florists' review. Chicago: Florists' Pub. Co., 1897-1912. url p. 74.
• Torrey, J. Report on the United States and Mexican boundary survey: made under the direction of the secretary of the Interior /by William H. Emory, major First Cavalry, and United States commissioner. 2(1) 1859 Washington: C. Wendell, printer, 1857-59. url p. 69.
• Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences. New York: New York Academy of Sciences. url p. 239, p. 326, p. 66.
• University of California publications in botany. Berkeley, Calif., University of California Press, 1902-2001. url p. 16, p. 215, p. 83.
• Watson, S. Botany /by Sereno Watson, aided by Daniel C. Eaton, and others. 5 1871 Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1871. url p. 96.
• Zoe:a biological journal. 5 1903 San Diego, Calif. [etc.]Zoe Publishing Co. url p. 149, p. 162, p. 205, p. 205, p. 318, p. 318.
• Hwang Shu-mei, Wei Chao-fen, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih &
• Hwang Shu-mei, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 35(1): 1-406.
• Jin Shu-ying. 1995. Saxifragaceae (2) [Parnassioideae, Hydrangeoideae, Escallonioideae, Iteoideae, Ribesioideae]. In: Lu Ling-ti &
• Pan Jin-tang. 1992. Saxifragaceae (1) [Penthoroideae, Saxifragoideae]. In: Pan Jin-tang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 34(2): 1-309

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed May 2, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 23, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 06, 2007:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
• Utah Valley State College
• , Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2649681
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-24373
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13742898
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:791401-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 452163
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 24373
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 791401-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDSAX0E100
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: HERUP HERU
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 42877

Footnotes

1. Jin-tang Pan, Cuizhi Gu, Shumei Huang, Chao-fen Wei, Shu-ying Jin, Lingdi Lu, Shinobu Akiyama, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, James Cullen, Richard J. Gornall, Ulla-Maj Hultgård, Hideaki Ohba & Douglas E. Soltis "Saxifragaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 269. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 1,583.860 meters (5,196.391 feet), Standard Deviation = 446.720 based on 245 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.