Hemizonia congesta

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Compositae

The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Genus Hemizonia

Annuals , 5-80 cm. Stems ± erect . Leaves mostly cauline; proximal opposite (forming winter-spring rosettes, sometimes present at flowering), mostly alternate; sessile; blades narrowly elliptic to linear or lance-linear , margins serrulate or entire, faces puberulent , hispidulous , hirsute , strigose , sericeous , or villous (distal leaves sometimes stipitate-glandular as well). Heads radiate , borne singly or in ± paniculiform , racemiform , or spiciform arrays or in glomerules . Peduncular bracts: pit-glands, tack-glands, and/or spines 0. Involucres hemispheric to ± urceolate or globose , 3-8+ mm diam. (usually subtended by calyculi of 5-7 bractlets in H. congesta subsp. calyculata). Phyllaries 5-14 in 1 series (linear to lanceolate or oblanceolate , herbaceous, each usually 1/2 enveloping a subtended ray floret proximally, abaxially pubescent to hirsute or villous, and stipitate-glandular). Receptacles flat to conic, glabrous , paleate (paleae connate , forming cells around all or most individual disc florets , scarious , ± deliquescent). Ray florets 5-14, pistillate , fertile ; corollas white or yellow (often purple-veined abaxially). Disc florets 5-60+, functionally staminate ; corollas white or yellow, tubes shorter than funnelform throats , lobes 5, deltate (anthers ± dark purple; styles glabrous proximal to branches). Ray cypselae ± obcompressed , abaxially gibbous, basal attachments oblique , apices sometimes beaked , beaks inconspicuous, straight, diameters greater than lengths , faces glabrous) ; pappi 0. Disc cypselae 0; pappi 0. x = 14.

Species 1: w North America.

Hemizonia as often circumscribed (to include Centromadia and Deinandra) is polyphyletic; molecular phylogenetic studies have indicated that Centromadia and Deinandra are more closely related to Calycadenia, Holocarpha, and Osmadenia than to Hemizonia in the strict sense, which is most closely related to Blepharizonia, also with 2n = 28 (S. Carlquist et al. 2003). Crosses between taxa of Hemizonia have yielded hybrids of minimal to full fertility ; natural hybrids also have been documented (J. Clausen 1951). All taxa in Hemizonia are self-incompatible. The name H. congesta subsp. congesta has been sometimes misapplied to plants treated here as H. congesta subsp. lutescens; the type of H. congesta corresponds to plants that have been called H. leucocephala, a synonym of H. congesta subsp. congesta (B . G. Baldwin et al. 2001).[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,751 meters (0 to 5,745 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: Data Providers: New Zealand Plant Name Database, Tropicos. GCC LSID: urn :lsid:compositae.org:names:4C73C177-3741-439B-B987-E2F835AC6077

Last scrutiny: 13-Aug-09

Similar Species

Members of the genus Hemizonia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 38 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

H. arida (Red Rock Tarweed) · H. clementina (Catalina Tarweed) · H. congesta (Hayfield Tarweed) · H. congesta calyculata (Hayfield Tarweed) · H. congesta clevelandii (Hayfield Tarweed) · H. congesta congesta (Hayfield Tarweed) · H. congesta luzulifolia (Hayfield Tarweed) · H. conjugens (Otay Tarplant) · H. corymbosa (Coast Tarweed) · H. corymbosa corymbosa (Coastal Tarweed) · H. corymbosa macrocephala (Coastal Tarweed) · H. fasciculata (Clustered Tarweed) · H. filipes (Whitecrown) · H. fitchii (Fitch's Tarweed) · H. floribunda (Tecate Tarweed) · H. halliana (Hall's Tarweed) · H. increscens (Grassland Tarweed) · H. increscens foliosa (Grassland Tarweed) · H. increscens increscens (Grassland Tarweed) · H. increscens villosa (Gaviota Tarplant) · H. kelloggii (Kellogg's Tarweed) · H. lobbii (Three-Ray Tarweed) · H. luzulifolia luzulifolia (Hayfield Tarweed) · H. minthornii (Santa Susana Tarweed) · H. mohavensis (Mohave Tarplant) · H. pallida (Kern Tarplant) · H. paniculata (San Diego Tarweed) · H. parryi (Pappose Tarweed) · H. parryi australis (Pappose Tarweed) · H. parryi congdonii (Pappose Spikeweed) · H. parryi parryi (Pappose Tarweed) · H. parryi rudis (Pappose Tarweed) · H. pentactis (Salinas River Tarplant) · H. pungens (Common Spikeweed) · H. pungens laevis (Common Tarweed) · H. pungens maritima (Common Tarweed) · H. pungens pungens (Common Tarweed) · H. pungens septentrionalis (Common Tarweed)

More Info

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Further Reading

• 1997 IUCN red list of threatened plants Cambridge: IUCN, World Conservation Union, 1998 url p. 175.
• Botany Cambridge, Mass., John Wilson and Son, 1880 url p. 364.
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 658.
• California fish and game. [San Francisco, etc.]: State of California, Resources Agency, Dept. of Fish and Game. url p. 180, p. 184, p. 226, p. 227, p. 254.
• Compositae newsletter. Columbus, Ohio: Dept. of Botany, Ohio State University, 1975- url p. 35.
• Hooker, W. J. & G. A. W. Arnott. The botany of Captain Beechey's voyage;comprising an acount of the plants collected by Messrs. Lay and Collie, and other officers of the expedition, during the voyage to the Pacific and Behring's Strait, performed in His Majesty's ship Blossom, under the command of Captain F. W. Beechey. .. in the years 1825, 26, 27, and 28.By Sir William Jackson Hooker. .. and G. A. Walker Arnott. .. 1841 London, H. G. Bohn, 1841. url p. 355.
• Leaflets of western botany. San Fransisco:[J. T. Howell], 1932-1966. url p. 104, p. 296.
• Local races and clines in the marine gastropod Thais lamellosa Gmelin, a population study. Seattle, The Galliostoma Co., 1957. url p. 3, p. 71.
• Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden. 9 1999 St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden, url p. 466.
• Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 46.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 259, p. 260.
• Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Boston [etc.]Boston Society of Natural History. url p. 144.
• Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Made under the direction of the secretary of war, in 1853-[6]. .. 4 1856 Washington, A.O.P. Nicholson, Printer [etc.]1855-60. url p. 109.
• Synoptical flora of North America: the Gamopetalæ, being a second edition of vol. I, part II, and vol. II, part I, collected. London, Iverson, Blakeman, Taylor, and Company;1886. url .
• Taxonomic literature: a selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types (TL2) Utrecht: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, 1976-1988. url p. 224, p. 417.
• The marine algae of the Pacific coast of North America / by William Albert Setchell and Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1919-1925. url .
• Torrey, J. Report on the United States and Mexican boundary survey: made under the direction of the secretary of the Interior /by William H. Emory, major First Cavalry, and United States commissioner. 2(1) 1859 Washington: C. Wendell, printer, 1857-59. url p. 100.
• Year book / Carnegie Institution of Washington. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1903- url p. 310.
• Babcock, E. B. and H. M. Hall. 1924. Hemizonia congesta: A genetic, ecologic, and taxonomic study of the hay-field tarweeds. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 13: 15-100.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• GCC: Global Compositae Checklist. Release date: November 18, 2009
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 20, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 5 providers.
• "Hemizonia congesta". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 289, 291, 292. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 20, 2007:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2658683
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-16828
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13749879
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:213767-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 413091
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 37613
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAST4R060
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: HECOV
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 42642

Footnotes

1. Bruce G. Baldwin, John L. Strother "Hemizonia". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 254, 256, 276, 280, 289, 290, 291, 294. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 222.000 meters (728.346 feet), Standard Deviation = 386.240 based on 225 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.