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Hemerocallis 'African Gold'

(African Gold Daylily)

Common Names

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Common Names in English:

African Gold Daylily

Description

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Family Hemerocallidaceae

A family of flowering plants that includes daylilies and New Zealand flax. The genus Hemerocallis was assigned its own family name in 1982 by Dahlgren and Clifford. (See pp. 36-39, "Biosystematics ," by Barr Daylily Journal, vol. 42, no. 2, fall 1987. Not all authorities agree, and some place the genus in the family Asparagales. In the family, pedicels are articulated, septal nectaries infralocular, and the ovary superior. Other details: Habit various; flavonols, napthoquinones, saponins +; roots often swollen; mucilage cells 0; raphides 0; cuticular wax rodlets parallel; leaves (spirally) 2-ranked, conduplicate to flat-conduplicate, keeled , the keel unifacial , sheath closed ; inflorescence various, (bracteoles lateral ); pedicel usu. articulated; (flowers monosymmetric , median tepal of outer whorl adaxial - Hemerocallis), T tube short (1/2 way - Hemerocallis; 0), filaments often ornamented, (anthers centrifixed), pollen usu. trichotomosulcate, infra-locular septal nectaries +, 1-many tenuinucellate ovules/carpel, nucellar cap +, chalazal nucellus well developed; endosperm usu. helobial, stigma dry (wet); fruit also a berry (nut, schizocarp); seeds ovoid , (with strophiole/aril); endosperm hemicellulosic, embryo also short; n = 4 [Agrostocrinum], 8, 9, 11, 12, chromosomes 0.8-10 µm long; (cotyledon not photosynthetic - Dianella), epicotyl long or not (hypocotyl 0; collar +), primary root well developed, branched or not.

Genus Hemerocallis

Herbs, perennial , scapose , clump-forming , rhizomatous , from fibrous or fleshy contractile roots often enlarged at ends; rhizomes spreading . Leaves many, basal, sessile, 2-ranked, bases sheathing ; blade long-linear, keeled , apex acuminate. Inflorescences 2, in terminal helicoid cyme, or solitary. Flowers mostly diurnal and ephemeral , slightly irregular, showy; tepals 6, connate basally into short, funnelform to campanulate tube , distinct parts imbricate, spreading, inner broader than outer; stamens 6, adnate to throat of perianth tube; filaments curved upward, distinct, unequal; anthers dorsifixed , 2-locular, linear-oblong, dehiscence introrse ; ovary superior, green, 3-locular, conic, septal nectaries present; style curved upwards; stigma indistinctly 3-lobed or capitate. Fruits capsular , leathery, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds rarely produced (sterile ) or many. x = 11.

Species 15-30: introduced ; temperate zones worldwide; temperate e Asia.

Hemerocallis is important economically as medicinal, poisonous, edible, and/or horticultural plants , which have been in Chinese culture for thousands of years (W. Erhardt 1992) . Hemerocallin, a root neurotoxin , can be both poisonous and useful medicinally as an analgesic, diuretic, arsenic-poisoning antidote, and treatment for schistosomiasis (J. A. Duke and E. S. Ayensu 1985; W. Erhardt 1992; Hu S. Y. 1968) . In Asia, flowers (buds and perianths), shoots , and tuberous roots (following suitable preparation) are important foods (G. Kunkel 1984) . Daylilies are among the most popular North American garden plants. Registered cultivars of Hemerocallis now exceed 38,000, including more than 13,000 named clones of H. fulva (G. Grosvenor 1999; R. M. Kitchingman 1985; R. W. Munson Jr. 1989; W. B . Zomlefer 1998) .

Hemerocallis has been included in a broadly circumscribed segregate family Hemerocallidaceae with 13-18 genera mainly from the Southern Hemisphere, especially Australia (W. B. Zomlefer 1998; H. T. Clifford et al. 1998), or placed alone in a monotypic Hemerocallidaceae (A. L. Takhtajan 1997) . The dwarf , yellow-flowered Hemerocallis minor P. Miller, grass-leaf daylily, has been reported as a local escape in Oregon.[1]

Physical Description

Flowers: Bloom Period: late midseason • Flower Color: goldyellow-orange

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 24-36" tall.

Biology

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Growth

Culture: Space 24-36" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

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Similar Species

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Members of the genus Hemerocallis

There are approximately 39043 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

H. '120th Anniversary' (Daylily) · H. 'A.E. Kunderd' (Daylily) · H. 'A.E. Radford' (Daylily) · H. 'A.M. Foote' (Daylily) · H. 'Aaaah Beautiful Pinwheel' · H. 'Aabaa' (Aabaa Daylily) · H. 'Aabaca's Abacus' (Aabacas Abacus Daylily) · H. 'Aabaca's Aba' (Aabacas Aba Daylily) · H. 'Aabachee' (Aabachee Daylily) · H. 'Aachen' (Daylily) · H. 'Aadell Curtis' (Daylily) · H. 'Aahme' (Daylily) · H. 'Aarons Rod' (Daylily) · H. 'Aaron and Lisa' (Aaron and Lisa Daylily) · H. 'Aaron Bolton' (Aaron Bolton Daylily) · H. 'Aaron Boylan' (Aaron Boylan Daylily) · H. 'Aaron Boy' (Aaron Boy Daylily) · H. 'Aaron Brown' · H. 'Aaron Edward' · H. 'Aaron Leonard' (Aaron Leonard Daylily) · H. 'Aaron's Beard' · H. 'Aaron's Dinner Plate' (Daylily) · H. 'Aaron's Little Whopper' (Daylily) · H. 'Aaron's Rod' · H. 'Aaron's Whopper' (Daylily) · H. 'Abalone' (Abalone Daylily) · H. 'Abalone Angel' (Daylily) · H. 'Abalone Island' (Abalone Island Daylily) · H. 'Abalone Pink' (Abalone Pink Daylily) · H. 'Abba' (Abba Daylily) · H. 'Abbeville Sunset' (Abbeville Sunset Daylily) · H. 'Abbey' · H. 'Abbey Choir' (Abbey Choir Daylily) · H. 'Abbey Dore Court' (Abbey Dore Court Daylily) · H. 'Abbey Gavin' (Daylily) · H. 'Abbey Lane' (Daylily) · H. 'Abbie' (Daylily) · H. 'Abbie Boy' (Abbie Boy Daylily) · H. 'Abbirose' (Daylily) · H. 'Abbots Robes' (Abbots Robes Daylily) · H. 'Abbott' (Daylily) · H. 'Abbott's Magic' (Daylily) · H. 'Abbot's Magic' (Daylily) · H. 'Abbreviation' (Daylily) · H. 'Abby Aldrich Rockefeller' (Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Daylily) · H. 'Abby Morgan' · H. 'Abby Reade' · H. 'Abby Russell' (Abby Russell Daylily) · H. 'Abcada' (Daylily) · H. 'Abc Kristin' · H. 'Abdullah' (Daylily) · H. 'Abednego' (Abednego Daylily) · H. 'Abel' (Abel Daylily) · H. 'Abendstern' (Daylily) · H. 'Abenstern' (Abenstern Daylily) · H. 'Aberdeen' (Aberdeen Daylily) · H. 'Aberdeen Beauty' (Daylily) · H. 'Aberdeen Lea' (Daylily) · H. 'Aberration' · H. 'Abex' (Abex Daylily) · H. 'Abide With Me' (Daylily) · H. 'Abiding Angel' (Daylily) · H. 'Abiding Goddess' (Abiding Goddess Daylily) · H. 'Abiding Joy' (Daylily) · H. 'Abiding Love' · H. 'Abiding Strength' (Abiding Strength Daylily) · H. 'Abigail Adams' (Abigail Adams Daylily) · H. 'Abigail Hall' · H. 'Abigail Williams' · H. 'Abigale' (Daylily) · H. 'Abigale My Love' (Abigale My Love Daylily) · H. 'Abilene Crab Claws' · H. 'Abilene Flaming Glory' · H. 'Abilene Goat Track' · H. 'Abilene Golden Boy' (Daylily) · H. 'Abilene Horned Toad' · H. 'Abilene Joyce's Pick' · H. 'Abilene Nan' (Daylily) · H. 'Abilene Pink Mama' · H. 'Abilene Pretty Lady' (Daylily) · H. 'Abilene Soso Queen' (Daylily) · H. 'Abilene Westend' · H. 'Abinadi' (Abinadi Daylily) · H. 'Ablaze' (Daylily) · H. 'Ablazing Rimfire' (Ablazing Rimfire Daylily) · H. 'Abluted Pink' (Abluted Pink Daylily) · H. 'Abnakis' (Abnakis Daylily) · H. 'Abnaki Crossing' · H. 'Abordale' (Daylily) · H. 'Abounding in Love' · H. 'Abounding Joy' (Daylily) · H. 'Abounding Rose' (Daylily) · H. 'About Face' (Daylily) · H. 'About Time' (About Time Daylily) · H. 'Abou Ben Adhem' (Daylily) · H. 'Above and Beyond' (Daylily) · H. 'Above Suspicion' (Above Suspicion Daylily) · H. 'Above the Clouds' · H. 'Above the Crowd' (Daylily) · H. 'Above the Salt' (Daylily)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Gerald B. Straley & Frederick H. Utech "Hemerocallis". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 51, 53, 57, 219. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Last Revised: 2009-05-18