Heliotropium curassavicum
(Cola De Mico, Quail Plant, Salt Heliotrope, Seaside Heliotrope)Overview:
This native Hawaiian seaside heliotrope is unusual because of its lack of hairs.
Conservation Status
Population Analysis
- For the 835,580 species in the Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons), we average 4.30 observations each in our database; for the Seaside Heliotrope, we have 538 observations. Compared to other species in this Class, this species is extremely common.
- A two-sample t-test can be used to determine whether the trend in observations of the Seaside Heliotrope is the same as the trend in observations of Magnoliopsida. Is this species just as common, as a proportion of all observations, as it once was? The answer is yes, changes in observation rate of this species do not significantly differ from changes in observation rate of its Class.
Taxonomy
- Kingdom: Plantae
- Plants
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
- Vascular Plants
- Class: Magnoliopsida
- Dicotyledons
- Order: Lamiales
- Family: Incurvarioidea
- Subfamily: Heliotropioideae
- Genus: Heliotropium
(hee-lee-oh-TROH-pee-um)
Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 130. 1753. - Heliotrope
- Specific epithet: curassavicum L.
- Botanical name: Heliotropium curassavicum L.
- Specific epithet: curassavicum L.
- Genus: Heliotropium
(hee-lee-oh-TROH-pee-um)
Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 130. 1753. - Heliotrope
- Subfamily: Heliotropioideae
- Family: Incurvarioidea
- Order: Lamiales
- Class: Magnoliopsida
- Dicotyledons
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
- Vascular Plants
Notes:
Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Place of publication: Sp. pl. 1:130. 1753
Name verified on 20-May-1992 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 23-Aug-1994
Physical Description
Genus Heliotropium:
Herbs annual or perennial, rarely subshrubs, pubescent or strigose, rarely scabrous. Leaves alternate, less often opposite, sessile or petiolate. Cymes terminal, rarely axillary, unilateral, scorpioid, bracteate or not. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla white or light bluish purple, less often yellow, cylindric or funnelform, strigose outside, glabrous and rarely appressed pubescent inside; throat frequently pubescent; limb 5-parted; lobes orbicular, sometimes linear, margin with folds or undulate. Filaments extremely short; anthers included. Ovary completely or incompletely divided into 4 lobes; ovules 4. Style terminal; stigma conical or ringlike. Fruit nutletlike dry drupes, without evident mesocarp at maturity, endocarp bony, dividing into 4 1-seeded or 2 2-seeded mericarps. Seeds straight or curved, usually with a thin endosperm.
About 250 species: tropical and temperate regions; ten species in China.[1]
Habit: Subshrub, Shrub, Forb/herb
Flowers: Bloom Period: March, April, May, June, July, August. • Flower Color: lavender, near white, violet, white
Images:
Distribution
Range and Population
Caribbean
Native: Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Virginia.
Reproduction
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Growth
Culture: Space 15-18" apart.
Soil: Minimum pH: 6.6 • Maximum pH: 8.5
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun.
Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High
Similar Species
Members of the genus Heliotropium:
There are approximately 939 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: H. aucheri carmanicum · H. bacciferum erosum · H. curassavicum oculatum · H. dasycarpum transoxanum · H. longiflorum undulatifolium · H. luzonicum angustissimum · H. luzonicum sublucens · H. pectinatum harareense · H. pectinatum mkomaziense · H. pectinatum septentrionale · H. rariflorum hereroense · H. spathulatum oculatum · H. strigosum brevifolium · H. suaveolens bocconei · H. 'Purple Prince' · H. abbreviatum · H. abyssinicum · H. acutiflorum · H. adenense · H. adenogynum · H. aegyptiacum · H. aenigmatum · H. aequoreum · H. aetnicum · H. aff. wagneri · H. affghanum · H. africanum · H. agdense · H. albiflorum · H. albo-villosum · H. albohispidum · H. albrechtii · H. album · H. alcyonium · H. aleppicum · H. alii · H. ambainense · H. ambiguum · H. amboinense · H. americanum · H. ammophilum · H. amnis-edith · H. amplexicaule (Clasping Heliotrope) · H. anchusaefolium · H. anchusanthum · H. anchusifolium f. grandiflorum · H. anchusifolium f. medium · H. anchusifolium f. parviflorum · H. anchusifolium var. angustifolium · H. anchusifolium var. latifolium · H. anderssonii · H. andinum · H. angiospermum (Butterfly Heliotrope) · H. angustissimum · H. anisophyllum · H. anomalium · H. anomalum (Pacific Heliotrope) · H. anomalum Hook. & Arn. var. anomalum Hook. & Arn. · H. anomalum Hook. & Arn. var. argenteum Gray (Polynesian Heliotrope) · H. anomalum var. anomalum · H. anomalum var. argenteum · H. antiatlanticum · H. apertum · H. apiculatum · H. applanatum · H. arbainense · H. arborescens (Common Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Alba' (Cherry Pie Plant) · H. arborescens 'Album' · H. arborescens 'Atlanta' · H. arborescens 'Atlantis' (Atlantis Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Blue Wonder' (Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Chatsworth Park' · H. arborescens 'Chatsworth' · H. arborescens 'Chequerboard' · H. arborescens 'Cherry Pie' (Cherry Pie Heliotrope Heliotropium Arborescens) · H. arborescens 'Dame Alice de Hales' · H. arborescens 'Florence Nightingale' · H. arborescens 'Fowa' · H. arborescens 'Fragrance Mix' (Common Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Fragrant Delight' (Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Gatton Park' · H. arborescens 'Helio0901' · H. arborescens 'Iowa' (Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Klehelio' · H. arborescens 'Lord Roberts' · H. arborescens 'Marine' (Marine Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Marino 2000' · H. arborescens 'Mary Fox' · H. arborescens 'Midnight' · H. arborescens 'Mrs J.W. Lowther' · H. arborescens 'Nagano' (Nagano Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Netherhall White' · H. arborescens 'P.K. Lowther' · H. arborescens 'President Garfield' · H. arborescens 'President Roosevelt' · H. arborescens 'Princess Marina' · H. arborescens 'Reva' · H. arborescens 'Seifel' · H. arborescens 'Super Marine'
Bibliography
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- Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976–. Flora of Libya. (F Libya)
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- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
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- Pérez-Moreau, R. L. 1984–. Flora Chaqueña (Formosa, Chaco y Santiago del Estero). (F Chaquena)
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- Spellman, D. L. et al. A list of the monocotyledoneae/dicotyledonae of Belize. Published in Rhodora v. 77 & 83, 1975 & 1981 (L Belize)
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Notes
Contributors:
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 15, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 37 providers.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)
Data Sources:
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:
- Australian National Herbarium
- , Australian National Herbarium
- Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
- Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
- Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México
- GBIF-Spain, Hortus Botanicus Sollerensis Herbarium
- GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
- GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
- , Vascular Plant Herbarium
- Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
- , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
- SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
- SysTax, SysTax
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Lund Botanical Museum
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
- University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
- Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
- Utah Valley State College
- , Utah Valley State College Herbarium
Identifiers:
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 31635
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13745805
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:116784-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDBOR0J080
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: HECUO
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 42215
Footnotes:
- "Heliotropium". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 338. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
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