Heliotropium indicum

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Boraginaceae

Herbs perennial , biennial, or annual , less often lianas, shrubs , or trees , usually bristly or scabrous-pubescent. Leaves simple , exstipulate , alternate, rarely opposite, entire or serrate at margin . Inflorescences often double scorpioid cymes, rarely solitary; bracts present or absent. Flowers bisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic. Calyx usually 5-parted or lobed , mostly persistent . Corolla tubular , campanulate , rotate, funnelform , or salverform ; tube appendages 5, rarely more, mostly trapeziform, rarely absent, sometimes a ring of hairs present; limb usually 5-parted; lobes overlapping, rarely twisted in bud. Stamens 5, inserted on corolla tube or rarely at throat , included or rarely exserted; anthers introrse , 2-loculed, usually dorsifixed at base , less often medifixed , dehiscence longitudinal . Nectaries at base of corolla tube or on disc below ovary. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate; locules 2 and each with 2 ovules, or 4 and each with 1 ovule; ovules nearly atropous , semianatropous, or anatropous . Style terminal or gynobasic , branched or not. Gynobase flat, fastigiate , or subulate . Fruit 1-4-seeded drupes or nutlets (mericarps) ; nutlets mostly dry, often ornamented with wings , prickles and/or glochids (stiff bristles with barbed or anchorlike tips ) . Seeds vertical or oblique , coat membranous; embryo straight, less often curved ; cotyledons flat, fleshy .

About 156 genera and 2500 species: temperate and tropical regions , centered in the Mediterranean region; 47 genera and 294 species in China, of which four genera and 156 species are endemic.[1]

Genus Heliotropium

Herbs annual or perennial , rarely subshrubs , pubescent or strigose , rarely scabrous . Leaves alternate, less often opposite, sessile or petiolate . Cymes terminal , rarely axillary , unilateral , scorpioid, bracteate or not. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla white or light bluish purple, less often yellow, cylindric or funnelform , strigose outside, glabrous and rarely appressed pubescent inside; throat frequently pubescent; limb 5-parted; lobes orbicular , sometimes linear , margin with folds or undulate . Filaments extremely short; anthers included . Ovary completely or incompletely divided into 4 lobes; ovules 4. Style terminal; stigma conical or ringlike. Fruit nutletlike dry drupes, without evident mesocarp at maturity, endocarp bony, dividing into 4 1-seeded or 2 2-seeded mericarps. Seeds straight or curved , usually with a thin endosperm.

About 250 species: tropical and temperate regions ; ten species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Hills , river banks, open waste places; 0-700 m [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,028 meters (0 to 9,934 feet).[4]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Growth

Culture: Space 18-24" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Heliotropium horizontale Small • Heliotropium leavenworthii Torr. • Heliotropium polyphyllum var. horizontale (Small) R. W. Long • Tiaridium indicum (L.) Lehm.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Heliotropium

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 50 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

H. amplexicaule (Clasping Heliotrope) · H. angiospermum (Butterfly Heliotrope) · H. anomalum (Pacific Heliotrope) · H. anomalum Hook. & Arn. var. argenteum Gray (Polynesian Heliotrope) · H. anomalum var. anomalum (Polynesian Heliotrope) · H. anomalum var. argenteum (Polynesian Heliotrope) · H. arborescens (Common Heliotrope) · H. arborescens L. 'Mini Marine' (Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Alba' (Cherry Pie Plant) · H. arborescens 'Atlantis' (Atlantis Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Blue Wonder' (Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Cherry Pie' (Cherry Pie Heliotrope Heliotropium Arborescens) · H. arborescens 'Fragrance Mix' (Common Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Fragrant Delight' (Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Iowa' (Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Kleha07520' (Heliotrope 'kleha07520') · H. arborescens 'Marine' (Marine Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Nagano' (Nagano Heliotrope) · H. confertifolium (Leafy Heliotrope) · H. convolvulaceum (Bindweed Heliotrope) · H. convolvulaceum (Nutt.) Gray var. californicum (Greene) I.M.Johnst. (Phlox Heliotrope) · H. convolvulaceum var. californicum (Phlox Heliotrope) · H. convolvulaceum var. convolvulaceum (Phlox Heliotrope) · H. curassavicum (Cola De Mico) · H. curassavicum var. curassavicum (Salt Heliotrope) · H. curassavicum var. obovatum (Seaside Heliotrope) · H. curassavicum var. oculatum (Seaside Heliotrope) · H. europaeum (European Heliotrope) · H. fruticosum (Key West Heliotrope) · H. glabriusculum (Greeneye Heliotrope) · H. greggii (Fragrant Heliotrope) · H. guanicense (Cotorrilla) · H. indicum (India Heliotrope) · H. lagoense (Antilles Heliotrope) · H. microphyllum (Littleleaf Heliotrope) · H. molle (Soft Heliotrope) · H. peruviana (Cherry Pie) · H. polyphyllum (Many-Leaved Heliotrope) · H. pringlei (Pringle Heliotrope) · H. procumbens (Four-Spike Heliotrope) · H. procumbens var. depressum (Fourspike Heliotrope) · H. procumbens var. procumbens (Fourspike Heliotrope) · H. racemosum (Coastal-Plain Heliotrope) · H. ramosissimum (Wavy Heliotrope) · H. supinum (Dwarf Heliotrope) · H. tenellum (Pasture Heliotrope) · H. ternatum (Bushy Heliotrope) · H. texanum (Texas Heliotrope) · H. torreyi (Jerusalem Artichoke) · H. undulatifolium (Turnsole Heliotrope)

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 31, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program
• GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
• , Vascular Plant Herbarium
• Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University Herbaria
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, Plants of Papua New Guinea
• SysTax, Botanische Staatssammlung Munchen
• SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
• SysTax, SysTax
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2654502
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-31638
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13745802
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:116938-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 18825
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 31638
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDBOR0J0E0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: TIIN
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 42580

Footnotes

1. Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl & Rudolf V. Kamelin "Boraginaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 329. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Heliotropium". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 338. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Heliotropium indicum". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 341. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Mean = 142.120 meters (466.273 feet), Standard Deviation = 497.260 based on 1,078 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.