Heliotropium curassavicum

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

This native Hawaiian seaside heliotrope is unusual because of its lack of hairs .

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Boraginaceae

Herbs perennial , biennial, or annual , less often lianas, shrubs , or trees , usually bristly or scabrous-pubescent. Leaves simple , exstipulate , alternate, rarely opposite, entire or serrate at margin . Inflorescences often double scorpioid cymes, rarely solitary; bracts present or absent. Flowers bisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic. Calyx usually 5-parted or lobed , mostly persistent . Corolla tubular , campanulate , rotate, funnelform , or salverform ; tube appendages 5, rarely more, mostly trapeziform, rarely absent, sometimes a ring of hairs present; limb usually 5-parted; lobes overlapping, rarely twisted in bud. Stamens 5, inserted on corolla tube or rarely at throat , included or rarely exserted; anthers introrse , 2-loculed, usually dorsifixed at base , less often medifixed , dehiscence longitudinal . Nectaries at base of corolla tube or on disc below ovary. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate; locules 2 and each with 2 ovules, or 4 and each with 1 ovule; ovules nearly atropous , semianatropous, or anatropous . Style terminal or gynobasic , branched or not. Gynobase flat, fastigiate , or subulate . Fruit 1-4-seeded drupes or nutlets (mericarps) ; nutlets mostly dry, often ornamented with wings , prickles and/or glochids (stiff bristles with barbed or anchorlike tips ) . Seeds vertical or oblique , coat membranous; embryo straight, less often curved ; cotyledons flat, fleshy .

About 156 genera and 2500 species: temperate and tropical regions , centered in the Mediterranean region; 47 genera and 294 species in China, of which four genera and 156 species are endemic.[1]

Genus Heliotropium

Herbs annual or perennial , rarely subshrubs , pubescent or strigose , rarely scabrous . Leaves alternate, less often opposite, sessile or petiolate . Cymes terminal , rarely axillary , unilateral , scorpioid, bracteate or not. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla white or light bluish purple, less often yellow, cylindric or funnelform , strigose outside, glabrous and rarely appressed pubescent inside; throat frequently pubescent; limb 5-parted; lobes orbicular , sometimes linear , margin with folds or undulate . Filaments extremely short; anthers included . Ovary completely or incompletely divided into 4 lobes; ovules 4. Style terminal; stigma conical or ringlike. Fruit nutletlike dry drupes, without evident mesocarp at maturity, endocarp bony, dividing into 4 1-seeded or 2 2-seeded mericarps. Seeds straight or curved , usually with a thin endosperm.

About 250 species: tropical and temperate regions ; ten species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,509 meters (0 to 11,512 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual , Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 15-18" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.6 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Heliotropium

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 50 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

H. amplexicaule (Clasping Heliotrope) · H. angiospermum (Butterfly Heliotrope) · H. anomalum (Pacific Heliotrope) · H. anomalum Hook. & Arn. var. argenteum Gray (Polynesian Heliotrope) · H. anomalum var. anomalum (Polynesian Heliotrope) · H. anomalum var. argenteum (Polynesian Heliotrope) · H. arborescens (Common Heliotrope) · H. arborescens L. 'Mini Marine' (Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Alba' (Cherry Pie Plant) · H. arborescens 'Atlantis' (Atlantis Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Blue Wonder' (Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Cherry Pie' (Cherry Pie Heliotrope Heliotropium Arborescens) · H. arborescens 'Fragrance Mix' (Common Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Fragrant Delight' (Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Iowa' (Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Kleha07520' (Heliotrope 'kleha07520') · H. arborescens 'Marine' (Marine Heliotrope) · H. arborescens 'Nagano' (Nagano Heliotrope) · H. confertifolium (Leafy Heliotrope) · H. convolvulaceum (Bindweed Heliotrope) · H. convolvulaceum (Nutt.) Gray var. californicum (Greene) I.M.Johnst. (Phlox Heliotrope) · H. convolvulaceum var. californicum (Phlox Heliotrope) · H. convolvulaceum var. convolvulaceum (Phlox Heliotrope) · H. curassavicum (Cola De Mico) · H. curassavicum var. curassavicum (Salt Heliotrope) · H. curassavicum var. obovatum (Seaside Heliotrope) · H. curassavicum var. oculatum (Seaside Heliotrope) · H. europaeum (European Heliotrope) · H. fruticosum (Key West Heliotrope) · H. glabriusculum (Greeneye Heliotrope) · H. greggii (Fragrant Heliotrope) · H. guanicense (Cotorrilla) · H. indicum (India Heliotrope) · H. lagoense (Antilles Heliotrope) · H. microphyllum (Littleleaf Heliotrope) · H. molle (Soft Heliotrope) · H. peruviana (Cherry Pie) · H. polyphyllum (Many-Leaved Heliotrope) · H. pringlei (Pringle Heliotrope) · H. procumbens (Four-Spike Heliotrope) · H. procumbens var. depressum (Fourspike Heliotrope) · H. procumbens var. procumbens (Fourspike Heliotrope) · H. racemosum (Coastal-Plain Heliotrope) · H. ramosissimum (Wavy Heliotrope) · H. supinum (Dwarf Heliotrope) · H. tenellum (Pasture Heliotrope) · H. ternatum (Bushy Heliotrope) · H. texanum (Texas Heliotrope) · H. torreyi (Jerusalem Artichoke) · H. undulatifolium (Turnsole Heliotrope)

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Further Reading

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• Torrey, J. Report on the United States and Mexican boundary survey: made under the direction of the secretary of the Interior /by William H. Emory, major First Cavalry, and United States commissioner. 2(1) 1859 Washington: C. Wendell, printer, 1857-59. url p. 136.
• Transactions and proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. [Edinburgh]: The Society, 1891-1970. url p. 100.
• Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. [St. Louis: Academy of Science of St. Louis], 1860-1958. url p. 444.
• Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia. Adelaide, Australia: The Society, 1890-1903. url p. 113.
• Transactions of the. .. annual meetings of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: Kansas Pub. House, 1883-1901. url p. 63.
• Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820, : undertaken by command of His majesty the King of Bavaria by Dr. Joh.Babt. von Spix and Dr. C. F. Phil. von Martius / London, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green;1824. url p. 101.
• Travels of Ruiz, Pavón, and Dombey in Peru and Chile (1777-1788) / by Hipólito Ruiz; with an epilogue and official documents added by Agustín Jesús Barreiro; translation by B.E. Dahlgren. 21 1940 Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1940. url p. 307.
• Tulane studies in zoology and botany. 24 1983 New Orleans: Tulane University, [1968- url p. 126, p. 30.
• University of California publications in botany. Berkeley, Calif., University of California Press, 1902-2001. url p. 155.
• Wrightia. 2 1959-1963 Richardson, Tex. [etc.]University of Texas at Dallas. url p. 13, p. 14, p. 15, p. 159.
• Year book - Carnegie Institution of Washington. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington url p. 65.
• Zoe:a biological journal. 2 1892 San Diego, Calif. [etc.]Zoe Publishing Co. url p. 365.
• [Pamphlets on agriculture in Guam] S.l.: s.n., 1905-1916 url p. 291.
• Wang Wen-tsai, Liu Yu-lan, Zhu Ge-ling, Lian Yong-shan, Wang Jing-quan & Wang Qing-rui in Kung Xian-wu & Wang Wen-tsai, eds. 1989. Boraginaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 64(2): 1-253.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 31, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México
• GBIF-Spain, Hortus Botanicus Sollerensis Herbarium
• GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
• GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
• , Vascular Plant Herbarium
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
• SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
• SysTax, SysTax
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
• Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
• Utah Valley State College
• , Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2654499
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-31635
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13745805
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:116784-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 18822
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 31635
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDBOR0J080
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: HECUO
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 42215

Footnotes

1. Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl & Rudolf V. Kamelin "Boraginaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 329. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Heliotropium". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 338. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 528.030 meters (1,732.382 feet), Standard Deviation = 652.010 based on 904 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.