Interesting Facts
Description
Family Moraceae
Trees
, shrubs
, vines
, or rarely herbs, frequently with milky
or watery latex, sometimes spiny
. Stipules present, frequently caducous
. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite; petiole
often present and well-defined; leaf blade
simple
, sometimes with cystoliths
, margin
entire or palmately lobed
, venation
pinnate or palmate. Inflorescences axillary
, frequently paired
, racemose, spicate
, capitate, or rarely cymose
, sometimes a fig or syconium with flowers completely enclosed within a hollow receptacle. Flowers unisexual
(plants
monoecious or dioecious), small to very small. Calyx lobes
(1 or) 2-4(-8), free
or connate
, imbricate or valvate
. Corolla absent. Male flowers: stamens as many as and opposite to calyx lobes (except in Artocarpus), straight or inflexed
in bud; anthers
1- or 2-loculed, crescent-shaped to top-shaped; pistillode
(rudimentary
sterile
pistil) often present. Female flowers: calyx lobes usually 4; ovary superior, semi-inferior, or inferior, 1(or 2) -loculed; ovules 1 per locule, anatropous
or campylotropous; style branches 1 or 2; stigmas usually filiform
. Fruit usually a drupe, rarely an achene, enveloped by an enlarged calyx and/or immersed
in a fleshy
receptacle, often joined into a syncarp. Seed solitary; endosperm present or absent.
Between 37 and 43 genera and 1100–1400 species: widespread in tropical
and subtropical
areas, less common in temperate
areas; nine genera and 144 species (26 endemic, five introduced
) in China.
Economically, the most important species are those of Morus and Maclura associated with the production
of silk
. Some species in Broussonetia, Maclura, and Morus are important for paper making; some species in Artocarpus, Ficus, and Morus have edible fruit; and some species of Artocarpus and Broussonetia are used for furniture or timber.[1]
Habitat
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,936 meters (0 to 16,194 feet).[2]
Ecology: Occurring in rainforest up to 1,600 m. [3].
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Rosidae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Urticanae
()
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Urticales
()
- Perleb, 1826
- Family:
Moraceae
()
- (Dumort., 1829) Gaudich., in Trinius, 1835, nom. cons.
- mulberries
- Tribe:
Castilleae
()
- Genus:
Helicostylis
()
- Trécul, 1847
- Specific epithet:
tomentosa
- (Poepp. & Endl.) Rusby
- Botanical name: - Helicostylis tomentosa (Poepp. & Endl.) Rusby
- Specific epithet:
tomentosa
- (Poepp. & Endl.) Rusby
- Genus:
Helicostylis
(
- Tribe:
Castilleae
(
- Family:
Moraceae
(
- Order:
Urticales
(
- Superorder:
Urticanae
(
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Similar Species
Members of the genus Helicostylis
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 0 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
More Info
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Further Reading
- Botanical Museum leaflets, Harvard University. 29 1983 Cambridge, Mass.: Botanical Museum, Harvard University, 1932- url p. 254.
- Flora Costaricensis / William Burger, editor. 40 1977 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1977. url p. 188.
- Flora of Peru / by J. Francis Macbride; B.E. Dahlgren, editor. 13 1937 Chicago, U.S.A.: Field Museum of Natural History, [1937] url p. 280, p. 329.
- Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden. 6 1996 St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden, url p. 235.
- Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 31.
- Spermatophytes, mostly Peruvian. by J. Francis Macbride. 11 1931 Chicago [Ill.]: Field Museum of Natural History, [1931] url p. 16.
- World Plant Conservation Bibliography WCMC, Royal Botanic Gardens url p. 175.
- Chang Siushih, Wu Chengyih & Cao Ziyu. 1998. Moroideae. In: Chang Siushih & Wu Chengyih, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 23(1): 1219.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 16, 2012.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. Helicostylis tomentosa. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 15, 2008:
- Botanical Research Institute of Texas: Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program
- GBIF-Spain: Real Jardin Botanico (Madrid), Vascular Plant Herbarium (MA)
- Herbarium of the University of Aarhus: The AAU Herbarium Database
- Herbier de la Guyane
- Missouri Botanical Garden
- SysTax
- SysTax: Herbarium Universitat Ulm
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3461657
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13754907
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:584303-1
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 119541-2
- IUCN ID: 213393
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 744127
Footnotes
- Zhengyi Wu, Zhe-Kun Zhou & Michael G. Gilbert "Moraceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 21. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 468.530 meters (1,537.172 feet), Standard Deviation = 783.490 based on 341 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. Helicostylis tomentosa. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2012. [back]
