Overview
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Vulnerable |
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Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Diablo Rock-Rose, Mt. Diablo Helianthella
Description
Family Compositae
The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.
Genus Helianthella
Perennials
, 20-150 cm. Stems erect
, usually branched. Leaves basal and cauline; opposite (proximal
) and alternate; usually petiolate
(at least proximal) ; blades
(usually 3- or 5-nerved from at or near bases
) elliptic
, lanceolate, lance-linear
, linear
, oblanceolate
, ovate
, ovate-lanceolate, or spatulate
, bases mostly cuneate, margins
entire, faces
glabrous
or hairy
. Heads radiate
, borne singly or (2-15+) in corymbiform
arrays. Involucres campanulate
to hemispheric
or broader, 10-50 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent
, 22-32+ in ± 3 series (mostly deltate-ovate or ovate to lanceolate, linear, or oblong
, subequal
or unequal, outer sometimes foliaceous
). Receptacles ± convex
, paleate (paleae falling with cypselae, conduplicate
, scarious
or chartaceous
). Ray florets 8-21, neuter
; corollas ± yellow. Disc florets 30-200+, bisexual
, fertile
; corollas yellow or purple to brown, tubes
shorter than or equaling throats
, lobes
5, deltate (abaxially hairy). Cypselae (brownish) ± compressed
, obovate
to obcordate
(margins usually ± winged
, usually ± ciliate
, faces glabrous or strigose
) ; pappi 0, or persistent, of 2 ± subulate
scales
plus 0-4+ shorter, lacerate
scales (sometimes all ± connate
). x = 15.
Species 9: w North America, n Mexico.[1]
Physical Description
Species Helianthella castanea
Plants 15-45 cm. Cauline leaves: largest proximal to mid stems; blades sometimes ± 3-nerved, oblong or elliptic to broadly-oblanceolate, 10-15 cm, faces sparsely hirsute (mostly abaxially and near margins ). Heads borne singly, erect . Involucres hemispheric , 25-40 mm diam. Phyllaries (usually outer 3-4+ foliaceous , 3-10 cm, curling over heads ) lanceolate to lance-oblong (margins usually ciliate , abaxial faces densely pubescent or glabrate ). Paleae chartaceous , relatively firm. Ray florets 12-21; laminae (10-) 20-30 mm. Disc corollas yellow. Cypselae weakly compressed (plump in middles , edges thin, faces, glabrous ) ; pappi 0 or of 2 ± subulate scales . 2n = 30. [source]
Habit: Forb/herb
Flowers: Bloom Period: April, May.
Habitat
Grassy hillsides; 0-1200 m [2].
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 862 meters (0 to 2,828 feet).[3]
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Campanulanae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Asterales
(
)
- Lindley, 1833
- Family:
Compositae
(
)
- Giseke, 1792, nom. cons., nom. alt.
- Genus:
Helianthella
(
)
- J. Torrey & A. Gray, 1842
- Little sunflower [Generic name Helianthus and Latin -ella, diminutive]
- Specific epithet:
castanea
- Greene, Erythea. 1: 127. 1893.
- Chestnut [Classical Latin, from Greek kastanaion karuon, nut from Castania, probably referring either to Kastanaia in Pontus or Castana in Thessaly]
- Botanical name: - Helianthella castanea Greene Greene, Erythea. 1: 127. 1893.
- Specific epithet:
castanea
- Greene, Erythea. 1: 127. 1893.
- Chestnut [Classical Latin, from Greek kastanaion karuon, nut from Castania, probably referring either to Kastanaia in Pontus or Castana in Thessaly]
- Genus:
Helianthella
(
- Family:
Compositae
(
- Order:
Asterales
(
- Superorder:
Campanulanae
(
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Helianthella
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 12 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
H. californica (California Helianthella) · H. californica Gray var. shastensis W.A.Weber (Shasta Helianthella) · H. californica var. californica (California Helianthella) · H. californica var. nevadensis (Nevada Helianthella) · H. californica var. shastensis (Shasta Helianthella) · H. castanea (Diablo Rock-Rose) · H. microcephala (Purpledisk Helianthella) · H. parryi (Dwarf Rockrose) · H. quinquenervis (Fivenerve Helianthella) · H. uniflora (Oneflower Helianthella) · H. uniflora var. douglasii (Douglas' Helianthella) · H. uniflora var. uniflora (Oneflower Helianthella)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- 1997 IUCN red list of threatened plants Cambridge: IUCN, World Conservation Union, 1998 url p. 174.
- Erythea. a journal of botany, West American and general. 1 1893 Berkeley, Calif., University of California, 1893-1922. url p. 174, p. 264.
- Flora Franciscana. An attempt to classify and describe the vascular plants of middle California. By Edward L. Greene. San Francisco, Cubery & Co., Printers, 1891-97. url p. 410.
- Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 616, p. 620.
- Weber, W. A. 1948. The genus Helianthella in Oregon. Madroño 9: 186-189.
- Weber, W. A. 1952. The genus Helianthella (Compositae). Amer. Midl. Naturalist 48: 1-35.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby FA, Roskov YR, Orrell TM, Nicolson D, Paglinawan LE, Bailly N, Kirk PM, Bourgoin T, van Hertum J, eds (2008). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2008 Annual Checklist Taxonomic Classification. CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 01, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
- "Helianthella castanea". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 115, 117. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 01, 2008:
- Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2658667
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-37594
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13749736
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:211942-1
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 37594
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAST4M020
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: HECA2
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 41696
Footnotes
- William A. Weber "Helianthella". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 65, 66, 67, 114. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Helianthella castanea". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 115, 117. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 365.000 meters (1,197.507 feet), Standard Deviation = 317.220 based on 22 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
