Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Afrikaans:
Witgemmerlelie
Common Names in English:
'awapuhi-Ke'oke'o, Butterfly Ginger, Butterfly Ginger Lily, Butterfly Lily, Butterfly-Ginger, Butterfly-Lily, Cinnamon-Jasmine, Garland Flower, Garland Lily, Garland-Flower, Ginger Lily, Ginger-Lily, Gingerlily, Whi, White Garland-Lily, White Ginger, White Ginger-Lily, White-Ginger
Common Names in Hawaiian:
'awapuhi-Ke'oke'o
Description
Family Zingiberaceae
Herbs perennial
, terrestrial
, rarely epiphytic, aromatic
, with fleshy
, tuberous
or non-tuberous rhizomes, often with tuber-bearing roots
. Stems usually short, replaced by pseudostems formed by leaf sheaths
. Leaves distichous, simple
, those toward base
of plant usually bladeless and reduced to sheaths; leaf sheath open; ligule usually present; petiole
present or not, located between leaf blade
and sheath, cushionlike in Zingiber; leaf blade suborbicular or lanceolate to narrowly strap-shaped
, rolled longitudinally in bud, glabrous
or hairy
, midvein
prominent
, lateral
veins usually numerous
, pinnate, parallel, margin
entire. Inflorescence terminal
on pseudostems or on separate, short, sheath-covered shoots
arising from rhizomes, cylindric
or fusiform
, sometimes globose
, lax
to dense, few to many flowered, sometimes with bracteolate
cincinni in bract axils and then a thyrse
, sometimes a raceme
or spike; bracts and bracteoles present, often conspicuous
, colored
. Flowers bisexual
, epigynous
, zygomorphic. Calyx usually tubular
, thin, split on 1 side, sometimes spathelike, apex 3-toothed or -lobed. Corolla proximally tubular, distally 3-lobed; lobes
varying in size and shape
. Stamens or staminodes 6, in 2 whorls. Lateral 2 staminodes of outer whorl petaloid, or forming small teeth at base of labellum, or adnate
to labellum, or absent. Median
staminode of outer whorl always reduced. Labellum formed from lateral 2 staminodes of inner whorl. Fertile
stamen median, of inner whorl; filament
long or short; anther
locules 2, introrse
, dehiscing by slits or occasionally pores
; connective
often extended basally into spurs and/or apically into a crest
. Ovary inferior, 3-loculed initially, 1- or 3-loculed when mature
; ovules ± numerous per locule; placentation parietal
, basal, or axile
. Developed style 1, very thin, placed in a furrow in filament and between anther locules; stigma appearing above anther, funnelform
, papillose
, ± wet, margin often ciliate
. Stylodes 2, reduced to nectaries at apex of ovary. Fruit a capsule, fleshy or dry, dehiscent
or indehiscent, sometimes berrylike. Seeds few to many, arillate
; aril often lobed
or lacerate
.
About 50 genera and 1300 species: pantropical
with center of diversity
in S and SE Asia, some species in America and subtropical
and warm-temperate Asia; 20 genera (one endemic) and 216 species (141 endemic, four introduced
) in China.[1]
Genus Hedychium
Pseudostems well -developed, 1--3 m.
Inflorescences projecting
from tip
of pseudostem, dense, conelike [lax
]; bracts of main axis crowded [not crowded], [2.5--]4--6[--7] cm, ovate
to lanceolate [or almost circular]; cincinni sessile, [1--]2--3[--6]-flowered, enclosed in bracts; bracteoles small, inconspicuous, hidden by bracts. Flowers: calyx cylindric
, 3-toothed or -lobed, split down
one side [not split]; corolla tube
slender, lobes
linear
; filament
linear, tubular-incurved, enclosing style; anther
long-exserted, not spurred
, terminal
appendage
none; lateral
staminodes large, petal-like, lip oblong
, plane
, 2-lobed. Fruits capsule, globose
. x
= 17.
Species ca.
50: introduced
; North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Australia; native
, Asia and Madagascar.[2]
Physical Description
Species Hedychium coronarium
Leaf blades
oblanceolate
or narrowly elliptic
, 28--48 ´ 4--7 cm. Inflorescences erect
, 15--19 ´ 12--17 cm; bracts of main axis green; proximal
bracts ovate
, concave
, 4--5.5 ´ 2--4.5 cm, apex obtuse
or apiculate
; distal bracts lance-oblong or ovate, 4--6 ´ 1--2.5 cm, apex rounded
or apiculate. Flowers: perianth and staminodes white. [source]
Naturalized
populations have been reported several times from southern Louisiana, but the specimens I have seen are sterile
and cannot be identified with certainty. There is also an old report from near Brunswick, Georgia (J. K
. Small 1933, unpublished ms
.), but I have seen no specimens from the state. [source]
Habit: Forb/herb
Flowers: Bloom Period: May, June, July, August, September, October. • Flower Color: near white, white
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 4-6' tall.
Habitat
Swamps , shores of lakes and streams ; 0--50 m. Introduced [3].
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,028 meters (0 to 9,934 feet).[4]
Biology
Diet
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Culture: Space 18-24" apart.
Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.5
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Light Shade.
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Liliopsida
(
)
- Scopoli, 1760
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Zingiberanae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Zingiberales
(
)
- Grisebach, 1854
- Family:
Zingiberaceae
(
)
- Lindley, 1835
- Ginger Family
- Subfamily:
Zingiberoideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Zingibereae
(
)
- Genus:
Hedychium
(
)
- J. Konig in A. J. Retzius, Observ. Bot. 3: 73--74. 1783.
- [Greek edys, sweet, and chion, snow, for the fragrant white flowers]
- Specific epithet:
coronarium
- J. Konig in A. J. Retzius, Observ. Bot. 3: 73--74. 1783.
- Botanical name: - Hedychium coronarium J.Koenig
- Specific epithet:
coronarium
- J. Konig in A. J. Retzius, Observ. Bot. 3: 73--74. 1783.
- Genus:
Hedychium
(
- Tribe:
Zingibereae
(
- Subfamily:
Zingiberoideae
(
- Family:
Zingiberaceae
(
- Order:
Zingiberales
(
- Superorder:
Zingiberanae
(
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
(
- Class:
Liliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
. Latest taxonomic
scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000.
Place of publication
: Retzius, Observ. Bot. 3:73. 1783.
Name verified on 02-Apr-1999 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 25-Apr-2006.
Similar Species
Members of the genus Hedychium
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 244 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
H. acuminatum · H. album · H. angustifolium · H. 'Anne Bishop' · H. 'Anne S. Bishop' (Flowering Ginger) · H. 'Apricot' · H. aurantiacum (Orange Bottlebrush Ginger) · H. aureum · H. 'Ayo' (Hardy Ginger) · H. barbatum · H. 'Beni-Oiran' (Ginger) · H. 'Beni-oran' · H. 'Betty Ho' · H. biflorum · H. bijiangense · H. bipartitum · H. boloveniorum · H. bordelonianum · H. borneense · H. bousigonianum · H. brevicaule · H. calcaratum · H. candidum · H. carneum · H. 'Carnival' · H. cernuum · H. chrysoleucum · H. 'Cinnabar' · H. coccineum (Orange Bottlebrush Ginger) · H. coccineum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. var. carneum (Roscoe) Baker · H. coccineum 'Disney' · H. coccineum 'Orange Brush' · H. coccineum 'Tara' (Orange Bottlebrush Ginger) · H. coccineum var. angustifolium · H. coccineum var. angustifolium 'Peach' · H. coccineum var. carneum · H. collinum · H. convexum · H. coronarium (Butterfly Ginger Lily) · H. coronarium 'Andromeda' · H. coronarium 'Gold Spot' · H. coronarium 'Orange Spot' · H. coronarium var. coronarium · H. coronarium var. flavescens · H. coronarium var. maximum · H. coronarium var. urophyllum · H. coronarium var. flavum · H. coronarium × ellipticum · H. coronarium × gardnerianum · H. crassifolium · H. cylindricum (Epiphytic Hedychium) · H. 'Daniel Weeks' · H. 'Dave Case' · H. deceptum · H. dekianum · H. densiflorum · H. densiflorum 'Assam Orange' (Hardy Ginger Lily) · H. densiflorum 'Sorung' · H. densiflorum 'Stephen' (Hardy Ginger Lily) · H. denticulatum · H. 'Devon Cream' · H. 'Doctor Moy' · H. 'Double Eagle' · H. 'Dr. Moy' (Hardy Ginger Lily) · H. efilamentosum · H. elatum · H. 'Elizabeth' (Hardy Ginger Lily) · H. ellipticum (Hedychium) · H. ellipticum red bracts · H. elwesii · H. emeiense · H. erythrostemon · H. 'F.W. Moore' · H. fastigiatum · H. 'Filigree' · H. flavescens (Cream Garland-Lily) · H. flavum · H. flavum 'Royale' · H. formosum · H. forrestii (Ginger Lily) · H. forrestii var. latebracteatum · H. 'Gahili' · H. gandasulium · H. gardneranum · H. gardnerianum (Kahila Garland-Lily) · H. gardnerianum 'Kahili Fiesta' (Kahili Ginger) · H. gardnerianum 'Roscoe' · H. gardnerianum var. pallidum · H. gardnerianum × spicatum · H. gardnerianum yellow-flowered · H. 'Giant Yellow' · H. giganteum · H. glabrum · H. glaucum · H. 'Golden Butterfly' · H. 'Golden Glow' · H. 'Gold Flame' · H. gomezianum · H. gracile · H. gracillimum
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Further Reading
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- Agricultural news. Bridgetown, Barbados, Bowen and sons;1902-22. ENG url p. 420, p. 438.
- Allgemeine botanische Zeitschrift für Systematik, Floristik, Pflanzengeographie etc. Karlsruhe: J.J. Reiff, 1895-1928. GER url p. 125.
- An introduction to the natural system of botany: or, A systematic view of the organisation, natural affinities, and geographical distribution, of the whole vegetable kingdom: together with the uses of the most important species in medicine, the art by J London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1830. ENG url p. 267, p. 358.
- Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, ENG url p. 119.
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- Die Gartenwelt. Berlin: G. Schmidt, [1897- GER url p. 148.
- Die Rohstoffe des Pflanzenreichs: versuch einer Technischen Rohstofflehre des Pflanzenreiches / Unter Mitwirkung von Max Bemberger, von Julius von Wiesner. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1914. GER url p. 976.
- Ensaio para uma synonimia dos nomes populares das plantas indigenas do Estado de S. Paulo. por Gustavo Edwall. Sô Paulo: Commissô Geogrphica e Geolgica de Sô Paulo, 1906. POR url p. 40, p. 67.
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- Flora Indica; or, Descriptions of Indian plants, by the late William Roxburgh. Edited by Dr. William Carey; to which are added descriptions of plants more recently discovered by Dr. Nathaniel Wallich. Serampore, Printed at the Mission Press, 1820-24. ENG url p. 12, p. 9.
- Flora of Bermuda by Nathaniel Lord Britton New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1918. ENG url p. 572, p. 87.
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Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 18, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 22 providers.
- "Hedychium coronarium". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 18, 2007:
- Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
- Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
- Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
- Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
- , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, Plants of Papua New Guinea
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
- SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
- SysTax, Ilha Solteira, Herbario
- SysTax, SysTax
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- University of Vienna, Institute for Botany - Herbarium WU, Herbarium WU
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2662173
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-42396
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13755786
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:796836-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 18576
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 42396
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 796836-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMZIN04010
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: HECO11
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 41911
Footnotes
- Delin Wu & Kai Larsen "Zingiberaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 322. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Hedychium". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Hedychium coronarium". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 512.430 meters (1,681.201 feet), Standard Deviation = 800.690 based on 270 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
