Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Pacific Oak Fern, Pacific Oakfern, Western Oak Fern
Description
Genus Gymnocarpium
Plants
terrestrial
. Stems long-creeping, stolons absent. Leaves monomorphic
, dying back in winter. Petiole
ca.
1.5--3 times length
of blade
, base
not swollen; vascular bundles
2, lateral
, ± oblong
in cross
section
. Blade broadly deltate, ternate
, or ovate
, 2--3-pinnate-pinnatifid, reduced distally to pinnatifid
apex, herbaceous. Pinnae weakly articulate
to rachis but persistent
, segment margins
entire to crenate
; proximal
pinnae longest, petiolulate
, usually ± inequilateral
with pinnules
on basiscopic side longer
than those on acroscopic
side; costae adaxially grooved
, grooves
not continuous from rachis to costae; indument
lacking or of minute (0.1 mm) glands
abaxially and sometimes along costae adaxially. Veins free
, simple
or forked
. Sori in 1 row
between midrib
and margin, ± round
; indusia absent. Spores brownish, rugose
. x
= 40.
Species 8: north temperate regions
, North America, Eurasia
.[1]
Physical Description
Species Gymnocarpium disjunctum
Stems 1--3 mm diam.; scales 2--4 mm. Fertile leaves usually 20--68 cm. Petiole 12--44 cm with sparse glandular hairs distally; scales 2--6 mm. Blade broadly deltate, 3-pinnate-pinnatifid, 8--24 cm, lax and delicate, abaxial surface and rachis glabrous or with sparse glandular hairs, adaxial surface glabrous. Pinna apex acuminate. Proximal pinnae 5--18 cm, ± perpendicular to rachis, with basiscopic pinnules ± perpendicular to costa; basal basiscopic pinnule sessile, pinnate-pinnatifid (with basal pinnulets, and sometimes 2 adjacent pinnulets, separate), basal basiscopic pinnulet usually longer (sometimes equaling or shorter) than adjacent pinnulet; 2d basal basiscopic pinnule sessile with basal basiscopic pinnulet usually longer than or equaling adjacent pinnulet; basal acroscopic pinnule sessile, with basal basiscopic pinnulet usually longer than or equaling adjacent pinnulet. Pinnae of 2d pair usually sessile with basal basiscopic pinnule longer than or equaling adjacent pinnule and markedly longer than basal acroscopic pinnule; basal acroscopic pinnule distinctly shorter than adjacent pinnule or rarely absent, apex often crenulate , obtuse . Pinnae of 3d pair usually sessile with basal basiscopic pinnule longer than or equaling adjacent pinnule and longer than basal acroscopic pinnule; basal acroscopic pinnule shorter than adjacent pinnule. Ultimate segments of proximal pinnae oblong , crenate to slightly lobed , apex crenulate, acute. Spores 27--31 µm. 2 n = 80. [source]
Habitat
Shaded, rocky slopes and ravines , mixed coniferous woods , moist stream and creek banks; of conservation concern; 0--2400 m [2].
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,062 meters (0 to 6,765 feet).[3]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Moniliformopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997, Nom. Nud.
- Class:
Polypodiopsida
(
)
- Cronquist et al.
- Order:
Polypodiales
(
)
- Link
- Family:
Woodsiaceae
(
)
- (Chapm.) Herter
- Genus:
Gymnocarpium
(
)
- Newman, 1851
- Oak fern [Greek gymnos, naked, and karpos, fruit, referring to the absence of indusia]
- Specific epithet:
disjunctum
- (Rupr.) Ching
- Botanical name: - Gymnocarpium disjunctum (Rupr.) Ching
- Specific epithet:
disjunctum
- (Rupr.) Ching
- Genus:
Gymnocarpium
(
- Family:
Woodsiaceae
(
- Order:
Polypodiales
(
- Class:
Polypodiopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Moniliformopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Distr. Crypt. Vasc. Ross. • Dryopteris disjuncta (Rupr.) Morton • Dryopteris disjuncta (Ruprecht) C. V. Morton • G. dryopteris var. disjunctum (Ruprecht) Ching • Gymnocarpium dryopteris (Linnaeus) Newman Disjunctum (Ruprecht) Sarvela • Gymnocarpium dryopteris disjunctum (Rupr.) Sarvela • Gymnocarpium dryopteris var. disjunctum (Rupr.) Ching • Polypodium Disjunctum • Polypodium dryopteris Linnaeus Var. disjunctum Ruprecht
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Gymnocarpium
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 13 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
G. achriosporum (Oakfern) · G. appalachianum (Appalachian Oak Fern) · G. disjunctum (Pacific Oak Fern) · G. dryopteris (Northern Oak Fern) · G. heterosporum (Blackspore Oakfern) · G. intermedium (Intermediate Oakfern) · G. jessoense (Asian Oakfern) · G. jessoense parvulum (Asian Oakfern) · G. jessoense subsp. parvulum (Asian Oakfern) · G. robertianum (Limestone Oak Fern) · G. × achriosporum (Oakfern) · G. x heterosporum (Black-Spore Oak Fern) · G. × intermedium (Intermediate Oakfern)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Pryer, K. M. 1992. The status of Gymnocarpium heterosporum and G. robertianum in Pennsylvania. Amer. Fern J. 82: 34--39.
- Pryer, K. M. and C. H. Haufler. 1993. Isozymic and chromosomal evidence for the allotetraploid origin of Gymnocarpium dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae). Syst. Bot. 18: 150--172.
- Pryer, K. M. and D. M. Britton. 1983. Spore studies in the genus Gymnocarpium. Canad. J. Bot. 61: 377--388.
- Pryer, K. M., D. M. Britton, and J. McNeill. 1983. A numerical analysis of chromatographic profiles in North American taxa of the fern genus Gymnocarpium. Canad. J. Bot. 61: 2592--2602.
- Sarvela, J. 1978. A synopsis of the fern genus Gymnocarpium. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 15: 101--106.
- Sarvela, J., D. M. Britton, and K. M. Pryer. 1981. Studies on the Gymnocarpium robertianum complex in North America. Rhodora 83: 421--431.
- Wagner, W. H. Jr. 1966b. New data on North American oak ferns, Gymnocarpium. Rhodora 68: 121--138.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 24, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 8 providers.
- "Gymnocarpium disjunctum". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 24, 2007:
- Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
- Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
- University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2667326
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-502848
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13764359
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1170595-2
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 502848
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 1170595-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PPDRY0D020
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: GYDRD2
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 35470
Footnotes
- Kathleen M. Pryer "Gymnocarpium". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Gymnocarpium disjunctum". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 961.550 meters (3,154.692 feet), Standard Deviation = 643.300 based on 112 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
