Interesting Facts
Description
Family Amaranthaceae
Herbs, clambering
subshrubs
, shrubs
, or lianas. Leaves alternate or opposite, entire, exstipulate
. Flowers small, bisexual
or unisexual
, or sterile
and reduced, subtended by 1 membranous bract and 2 bracteoles, solitary or aggregated in cymes. Inflorescences elongated or condensed spikes (heads
), racemes
, or thyrsoid
structures of varying complexity. Bracteoles membranous or scarious
. Tepals 3-5, membranous, scarious or subleathery, 1-, 3-, 5-, or 7(-23) -veined. Stamens as many as tepals and opposite these, rarely fewer than tepals; filaments
free
, united
into a cup
at base
or ± entirely into a tube
, filament lobes present or absent, pseudostaminodes present or absent; anthers
(1- or) 2-loculed, dorsifixed
, introrsely dehiscent
. Ovary superior, 1-loculed; ovules 1 to many; style persistent
, short and indistinct or long and slender; stigma capitate, penicillate
, 2-lobed or forming 2 filiform
branches. Fruit a dry utricle or a fleshy
capsule, indehiscent, irregularly bursting, or circumscissile. Seeds lenticular
, reniform
, subglobose, or shortly cylindric
, smooth
or verruculose
.
About 70 genera and 900 species: worldwide; 15 genera (one introduced
) and 44 species (three endemic, 14 introduced) in China.
Morphology of the androecium, perianth (tepals), and the inflorescence has traditionally been used to circumscribe genera and tribes
. Pseudostaminodia are interstaminal appendages
with variously shaped apices. Filament appendages are the lateral
appendages of filaments (one on each side) . The basic structure of the inflorescence is the cyme (branchlets
arising from the bracteole axils, the bracteoles serving as bracts for upper flowers), which can be reduced to one flower with two bracteoles and a bract. Units
of dispersal
vary considerably (capsules opening with lower part persistent, flower and bracteoles falling together, or cymose
partial inflorescences breaking off above bract) and can be characteristic for genera. Several genera possess long trichomes
serving dispersal at the base of the tepals.[1]
Genus Guilleminea
Herbs, perennial
. Stems prostrate
[or ascending
], much-branched, indumentum of simple
hairs
. Leaves opposite, petiolate
; blade
linear
to lanceolate, spatulate
, or ovate
, margins
entire; basal leaves
withering. Inflorescences axillary
, sessile, few-flowered glomerules
; bracts and bracteoles membranous. Flowers bisexual
; tepals 5, connate
proximally ± 1/2 its length
, 1-veined; stamens 5; filaments
connate basally into tube
, tube adnate to calyx distally; anthers
2-locular; pseudostaminodes absent; ovule 1; style 1, ca.
0.2 mm; stigmas 2-lobed, capitate. Utricles broadly ovoid
, membranous, indehiscent. Seeds 1, red-brown, lenticular-orbicular.
Species 5: North America, Mexico, West Indies.[2]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Caryophyllidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Caryophyllanae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Caryophyllales
(
)
- Perleb, 1826
- Suborder:
Chenopodiineae
(
)
- Family:
Amaranthaceae
(
)
- Adanson, 1763 ex A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- amaranthes, pigweed
- Subfamily:
Gomphrenoideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Gomphreneae
(
)
- Genus:
Guilleminea
(
)
- Kunth, in Humboldt et al., 1823
- [For Antoine Guillemin, 1796-1842, French botanist, author, and explorer]
- Specific epithet:
densa
- Subspecies:
aggregata
- Botanical name: - Guilleminea densa aggregata
- Subspecies:
aggregata
- Specific epithet:
densa
- Genus:
Guilleminea
(
- Tribe:
Gomphreneae
(
- Subfamily:
Gomphrenoideae
(
- Family:
Amaranthaceae
(
- Suborder:
Chenopodiineae
(
- Order:
Caryophyllales
(
- Superorder:
Caryophyllanae
(
- Subclass:
Caryophyllidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Similar Species
Members of the genus Guilleminea
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 3 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
G. densa (Cottonflower) · G. densa var. aggregata (Small Matweed) · G. densa var. densa (Small Matweed)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Kuan Ke-chien. 1979. Amaranthaceae. In: Kung Hsien-wu & Tsien Cho-po, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 25(2): 194241.
- Henrickson, J. 1987. A taxonomic reevaluation of Gossypianthus and Guilleminea (Amaranthaceae). Sida 12: 307-337.
- Mears, J. A. 1967. Revision of Guilleminea (Brayulinea) including Gossypianthus (Amaranthaceae). Sida 3: 137-152.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3878056
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 4155520
Footnotes
- Bojian Bao, Thomas Borsch & Steven E. Clemants "Amaranthaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 415. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Steven E. Clemants "Guilleminea". in Flora of North America Vol. 4 Page 406, 437. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
