Gossypium thurberi

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Family Malvaceae

Herbs, shrubs , or less often trees ; indumentum usually with peltate scales or stellate hairs . Leaves alternate, stipulate , petiolate ; leaf blade usually palmately veined, entire or various lobed . Flowers solitary, less often in small cymes or clusters , axillary or subterminal , often aggregated into terminal racemes or panicles, usually conspicuous , actinomorphic , usually bisexual (unisexual in Kydia) . Epicalyx often present, forming an involucre around calyx, 3- to many lobed. Sepals 5, valvate , free or connate . Petals 5, free, contorted, or imbricate, basally adnate to base of filament tube . Stamens usually very many, filaments connate into tube; anthers 1-celled. Pollen spiny . Ovary superior, with 2-25 carpels, often separating from one another and from axis; ovules 1 to many per locule; style as many or 2 � as many as pistils, apex branched or capitate. Fruit a loculicidal capsule or a schizocarp, separating into individual mericarps, rarely berrylike when mature (Malvaviscus) ; carpels sometimes with an endoglossum (a crosswise projection from back wall of carpel to make it almost completely septate . Seeds often reniform , glabrous or hairy , sometimes conspicuously so.

About 100 genera and ca. 1000 species: tropical and temperate regions of N and S Hemisphere; 19 genera (four introduced ) and 81 species (24 endemic, 16 introduced) in China.

Molecular studies have shown that the members of the Bombacaceae, Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Tiliaceae form a very well-defined monophyletic group that is divided into ten also rather well-defined clades, only two of which correspond to the traditional families Bombacaceae and Malvaceae. Some of the remaining groups are included entirely within either of the remaining families but others cut across the traditional divide between the Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae. A majority of authors , most notably Bayer and Kubitzki (Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 5: 225-311. 2003), has favored including everything within a greatly enlarged Malvaceae, and treating the individual clades as subfamilies. The alternative view is that the individual clades should be treated as a series of ten families: Bombacaceae (Bombacoideae), Brownlowiaceae (Brownlowioideae), Byttneriaceae (Byttnerioideae), Durionaceae (Durionoideae), Helicteraceae (Helicteroideae), Malvaceae (Malvoideae), Pentapetaceae (Dombeyoideae), Sparrmanniaceae (Grewioideae), Sterculiaceae (Sterculioideae), and Tiliaceae (Tilioideae) (Cheek in Heywood et al. , Fl. Pl. Fam. World. 201-202. 2007) . For the present treatment, we prefer to retain the familiar, traditional four families, so as to maintain continuity with the treatments in FRPS, and to await a consensus on the two alternative strategies for dealing with the very widely accepted clades.

The traditional Malvaceae coincides exactly with one of the major clades. The only possible problem is the relationship with the Bombacaceae, which also has primarily 1-loculed anthers, and some authorities have suggested that the Bombacaceae should be included within the Malvaceae.

Members of the Malvaceae are important as fiber crops (particularly cotton, Gossypium) . Young leaves of many species can be used as vegetables, and species of Abelmoschus and Hibiscus are grown as minor food crops. Many species have attractive flowers and an ever-increasing selection is grown as ornamentals . Several have been cultivated for a very long time, particularly species of Hibiscus, and some of these are not known in the wild.[1]

Genus Gossypium

Herbs annual or perennial , sometimes shrubs ; all parts irregularly dotted with dark oil glands . Leaf blades usually palmately 3-9-lobed, rarely entire. Flowers solitary, subterminal . Pedicel not articulated, usually with glands below insertion of epicalyx lobes . Epicalyx lobes 3(-7), foliaceous , glandular , free or connate at base , entire or toothed to deeply laciniate . Calyx cup-shaped, nearly truncate to 5-lobed. Corolla white or yellow, sometimes with purple center, large; petals 5, apex rounded . Staminal column with many anthers along entire length, apex truncate. Ovary 3-5-loculed; ovules 2 to many per locule; style short, rod-shaped, stigma clavate , 5-grooved. Capsule globose or ellipsoid , loculicidally dehiscent . Seeds globose, densely white long woolly , mixed with short hairs or without short hairs.

About 20 species: tropical and subtropical regions; four species (all introduced ) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun .

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Goodyera ophioides (Fern.) Rydb.
2. Goodyera repens ophioides /i> (Fern.) A. L�ve & Simon
3. Goodyera repens var. ophioides Fern.
4. Peramium ophioides (Fern.) Rydb.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Relaz. cult. coton. 120. 1877

Name verified on 10-Aug-1999 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 28-Jan-2005

Similar Species

Members of the genus Gossypium

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 246 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

G. abyssinicum · G. acuminatum · G. africanum · G. albescens · G. albiflorum · G. album · G. 'Alpina' · G. amblospermum · G. anomalum · G. anomalum subsp. senarense · G. arboretum · G. arboreum (Red-Flowered Cotton Tree) · G. areysianum · G. aridum · G. aridum var. palmeri · G. armourianum · G. asiaticum · G. auritum · G. australe (Australian Native Cotton) · G. australiense · G. bakeri · G. barbadense (American-Egyptian Cotton) · G. barbadense L. var. brasiliense (Macf.) Mauer · G. barbadense L. 'Pirna' · G. barbadense subsp. peruvianum · G. barbadense subsp. vitifolium · G. barbadense var. brasiliense · G. barbadense var. braziliense · G. barbadense var. breve (American-Egyptian Cotton) · G. barbadense var. darwinii · G. barbadense var. deltaicum (American-Egyptian Cotton) · G. barbadense var. marie-galante · G. barbadense var. maritimum · G. barbadense var. nubarense (American-Egyptian Cotton) · G. barbadense var. pedatum · G. barbadense var. peruvianum (Peru Tree Cotton) · G. barbadense var. strictiflorum (American-Egyptian Cotton) · G. barbodense · G. barbosanum · G. benadirense · G. 'Bet Dagan 11' · G. bickii · G. bicolor · G. birkinshawii · G. brasiliense · G. 'Bravada' · G. brevilanatum · G. bricchettii · G. caespitosum · G. caicoense · G. californicum · G. calycotum · G. cambayense · G. capitis-viridis (Cape Verde Cotton) · G. cernuum · G. chinense · G. 'Christina' · G. cinereum · G. 'Clara' · G. comesii · G. 'Condor' · G. contextum · G. convexum · G. costulatum · G. croceum · G. cunninghamii · G. darwinii (Darwins Cotton) · G. davidsonii · G. divaricatum · G. drynarioides · G. eglandulosum · G. ekmanianum · G. elatum · G. ellenbeckii · G. enthyle · G. evertum · G. exiguum · G. figarei · G. flaviflorum · G. 'Fotini' · G. frutescens · G. fruticulosum · G. fuscum · G. glabrum · G. gossypioides · G. guyanense · G. harknesii · G. harknessii · G. harrisii · G. herbaceum (North-African Cotton) · G. herbaceum 'Erlene's Green' (Cotton) · G. herbaceum subsp. africanum · G. hirsutum (American Upland Cotton) · G. hirsutum L. 'Akala' · G. hirsutum 'Alexandros' · G. hirsutum 'Amanta' · G. hirsutum 'Atlas' · G. hirsutum 'Babylon' · G. hirsutum 'Campo' · G. hirsutum 'Carat'

More Info

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Further Reading

• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 670, p. 84.
• Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- ENG url p. 1910.
• Fryxell, P. A. 1976. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1491:73.
• Fryxell, P. A. 1979. The natural history of the cotton tribe. (Nat Hist Cotton) 56.
• Fryxell, P. A. 1992. A revised taxonomic interpretation of Gossypium L. (Malvaceae). Rheedea 2:136.
• Kearney, T. H. & R. H. Peebles. 1969. Arizona flora, ed. 2. (F Ariz)
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
• Shreve, F. & I. L. Wiggins. 1964. Vegetation and flora of the Sonoran desert. (F SonorDes)
• Feng Kuo-mei. 1984. Malvaceae. In: Feng Kuo-mei, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 49(2): 1-102.
• Feng Kuo-mei. 1984. Malvaceae. In: Feng Kuo-mei, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 49(2): 1-102.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed March 24, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:

• Arizona State University, International Institute for Species Exploration: Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• Arizona State University, International Institute for Species Exploration: The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad: Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México (IE-BAJÍO)
• Missouri Botanical Garden
• USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2667299
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-502819
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:64045-3
• GRIN Nomen Number: 17947
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 502819
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 64045-3
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDMAL0E030
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: THTH4
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 41055

Footnotes

1. Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert & Laurence J. Dorr "Malvaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 240, 264,299, 302. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Gossypium". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 264, 296. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

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