Gossypium hirsutum

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Malvaceae

Herbs, shrubs , or less often trees ; indumentum usually with peltate scales or stellate hairs . Leaves alternate, stipulate , petiolate ; leaf blade usually palmately veined, entire or various lobed . Flowers solitary, less often in small cymes or clusters , axillary or subterminal , often aggregated into terminal racemes or panicles, usually conspicuous , actinomorphic , usually bisexual (unisexual in Kydia) . Epicalyx often present, forming an involucre around calyx, 3- to many lobed. Sepals 5, valvate , free or connate . Petals 5, free, contorted, or imbricate, basally adnate to base of filament tube . Stamens usually very many, filaments connate into tube; anthers 1-celled. Pollen spiny . Ovary superior, with 2-25 carpels, often separating from one another and from axis; ovules 1 to many per locule; style as many or 2 × as many as pistils, apex branched or capitate. Fruit a loculicidal capsule or a schizocarp, separating into individual mericarps, rarely berrylike when mature (Malvaviscus) ; carpels sometimes with an endoglossum (a crosswise projection from back wall of carpel to make it almost completely septate . Seeds often reniform , glabrous or hairy , sometimes conspicuously so.

About 100 genera and ca. 1000 species: tropical and temperate regions of N and S Hemisphere; 19 genera (four introduced ) and 81 species (24 endemic, 16 introduced) in China.

Molecular studies have shown that the members of the Bombacaceae, Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Tiliaceae form a very well-defined monophyletic group that is divided into ten also rather well-defined clades, only two of which correspond to the traditional families Bombacaceae and Malvaceae. Some of the remaining groups are included entirely within either of the remaining families but others cut across the traditional divide between the Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae. A majority of authors , most notably Bayer and Kubitzki (Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 5: 225-311. 2003), has favored including everything within a greatly enlarged Malvaceae, and treating the individual clades as subfamilies. The alternative view is that the individual clades should be treated as a series of ten families: Bombacaceae (Bombacoideae), Brownlowiaceae (Brownlowioideae), Byttneriaceae (Byttnerioideae), Durionaceae (Durionoideae), Helicteraceae (Helicteroideae), Malvaceae (Malvoideae), Pentapetaceae (Dombeyoideae), Sparrmanniaceae (Grewioideae), Sterculiaceae (Sterculioideae), and Tiliaceae (Tilioideae) (Cheek in Heywood et al. , Fl. Pl. Fam. World. 201-202. 2007) . For the present treatment, we prefer to retain the familiar, traditional four families, so as to maintain continuity with the treatments in FRPS, and to await a consensus on the two alternative strategies for dealing with the very widely accepted clades.

The traditional Malvaceae coincides exactly with one of the major clades. The only possible problem is the relationship with the Bombacaceae, which also has primarily 1-loculed anthers, and some authorities have suggested that the Bombacaceae should be included within the Malvaceae.

Members of the Malvaceae are important as fiber crops (particularly cotton, Gossypium) . Young leaves of many species can be used as vegetables, and species of Abelmoschus and Hibiscus are grown as minor food crops. Many species have attractive flowers and an ever-increasing selection is grown as ornamentals . Several have been cultivated for a very long time, particularly species of Hibiscus, and some of these are not known in the wild.[1]

Genus Gossypium

Herbs annual or perennial , sometimes shrubs ; all parts irregularly dotted with dark oil glands . Leaf blades usually palmately 3-9-lobed, rarely entire. Flowers solitary, subterminal . Pedicel not articulated, usually with glands below insertion of epicalyx lobes . Epicalyx lobes 3(-7), foliaceous , glandular , free or connate at base , entire or toothed to deeply laciniate . Calyx cup-shaped, nearly truncate to 5-lobed. Corolla white or yellow, sometimes with purple center, large; petals 5, apex rounded . Staminal column with many anthers along entire length, apex truncate. Ovary 3-5-loculed; ovules 2 to many per locule; style short, rod-shaped, stigma clavate , 5-grooved. Capsule globose or ellipsoid , loculicidally dehiscent . Seeds globose, densely white long woolly , mixed with short hairs or without short hairs.

About 20 species: tropical and subtropical regions; four species (all introduced ) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual , Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 15-18" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 6.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. G. mexicanum Todaro
2. G. religiosum Linnaeus.
3. Goodyera ophioides (Fern.) Rydb.
4. Goodyera repens ophioides (Fern.) A. Löve and Simon
5. Goodyera repens var. ophioides Fern.
6. Gossypium Barbadense Hirsutum
7. Gossypium barbadense L. var. hirsutum (L.) Triana and Planch.
8. Gossypium Herbaceum Hirsutum
9. Gossypium herbaceum L. var. hirsutum (L.) Mast.
10. Gossypium hirsutum f. mexicanum (Todaro) Roberty
11. Peramium ophioides (Fern.) Rydb.

Notes

A tentatively accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Name verified on 10-Aug-1999 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 06-Jan-2003

Similar Species

Members of the genus Gossypium

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 246 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

G. abyssinicum · G. acuminatum · G. africanum · G. albescens · G. albiflorum · G. album · G. 'Alpina' · G. amblospermum · G. anomalum · G. anomalum subsp. senarense · G. arboretum · G. arboreum (Red-Flowered Cotton Tree) · G. areysianum · G. aridum · G. aridum var. palmeri · G. armourianum · G. asiaticum · G. auritum · G. australe (Australian Native Cotton) · G. australiense · G. bakeri · G. barbadense (American-Egyptian Cotton) · G. barbadense L. var. brasiliense (Macf.) Mauer · G. barbadense L. 'Pirna' · G. barbadense subsp. peruvianum · G. barbadense subsp. vitifolium · G. barbadense var. brasiliense · G. barbadense var. braziliense · G. barbadense var. breve (American-Egyptian Cotton) · G. barbadense var. darwinii · G. barbadense var. deltaicum (American-Egyptian Cotton) · G. barbadense var. marie-galante · G. barbadense var. maritimum · G. barbadense var. nubarense (American-Egyptian Cotton) · G. barbadense var. pedatum · G. barbadense var. peruvianum (Peru Tree Cotton) · G. barbadense var. strictiflorum (American-Egyptian Cotton) · G. barbodense · G. barbosanum · G. benadirense · G. 'Bet Dagan 11' · G. bickii · G. bicolor · G. birkinshawii · G. brasiliense · G. 'Bravada' · G. brevilanatum · G. bricchettii · G. caespitosum · G. caicoense · G. californicum · G. calycotum · G. cambayense · G. capitis-viridis (Cape Verde Cotton) · G. cernuum · G. chinense · G. 'Christina' · G. cinereum · G. 'Clara' · G. comesii · G. 'Condor' · G. contextum · G. convexum · G. costulatum · G. croceum · G. cunninghamii · G. darwinii (Darwins Cotton) · G. davidsonii · G. divaricatum · G. drynarioides · G. eglandulosum · G. ekmanianum · G. elatum · G. ellenbeckii · G. enthyle · G. evertum · G. exiguum · G. figarei · G. flaviflorum · G. 'Fotini' · G. frutescens · G. fruticulosum · G. fuscum · G. glabrum · G. gossypioides · G. guyanense · G. harknesii · G. harknessii · G. harrisii · G. herbaceum (North-African Cotton) · G. herbaceum 'Erlene's Green' (Cotton) · G. herbaceum subsp. africanum · G. hirsutum (American Upland Cotton) · G. hirsutum L. 'Akala' · G. hirsutum 'Alexandros' · G. hirsutum 'Amanta' · G. hirsutum 'Atlas' · G. hirsutum 'Babylon' · G. hirsutum 'Campo' · G. hirsutum 'Carat'

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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 5, 2006.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed March 24, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 14, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 20 providers.
• "Gossypium hirsutum". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 296, 297. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 14, 2007:

• Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Herbarium Willing
• Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
• International Plant Genetic Resources Institute(IPGRI), EURISCO
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2647702
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-21711
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13741415
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:559732-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 17917
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 21711
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 559731-1
• MoBot NameID: 19600941
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDMAL0E020
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: GOHIP GOME
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 41052

Footnotes

1. Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert & Laurence J. Dorr "Malvaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 240, 264,299, 302. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Gossypium". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 264, 296. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

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