Glaucium flavum

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Annual or biennial.

The oil from the pressed seeds is used as a fuel in lamps and in the manufacture of soap.

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Papaveraceae

Herbs or subshrubs , shrubs , or small trees , annual , biennial, or perennial , scapose or caulescent , usually from taproots , sometimes from rhizomes; sap clear, white, or colored , often sticky. Stems leafy or naked, erect , spreading , or decumbent , simple or branching. Leaves basal and/or cauline, alternate to opposite or whorled , simple, without stipules, petiolate or sessile; blade unlobed or with 1-3 odd-pinnate, subpalmate, or palmate orders of lobes . Inflorescences axillary or terminal , unifloral or else multifloral and cymiform, racemose, umbelliform, corybiform, or paniculate , pedunculate or subsessile ; bracts usually present. Flowers radially symmetric , pedicellate or sessile; receptacle sometimes expanded and forming cup or ring beneath calyx (only in Eschscholzia, Meconella, and Platystemon ) ; perianth and androecium sometimes perigynous; sepals caducous , 2 or 3, distinct or connate , usually obovate ; petals distinct, usually obovate, mostly 2 times number of sepals, sometimes more or absent; stamens many or 4-15 (only in Meconella and Canbya ) ; anthers 2-locular; pistil 1, 2-18[-22]-carpellate; ovary 1-2-locular or incompletely to completely multilocular by placental intrusion; placentas 2 or more, parietal ; style 1 or absent; stigmas or stigma lobes 2-many. Fruits capsular , dehiscence valvate , poricidal , or transverse , or carpels dissociating and breaking transversely into 1-seeded segments (only in Platystemon ) . Seeds usually many, small, sometimes arillate or carunculate.

Genera 25-30 (17 genera, 63 species in the flora ) : worldwide, mainly Northern Hemisphere.

According to W. R. Ernst (1962b), Papaveraceae "may be divided conveniently into four subfamilies." His scheme is followed here, but with the subfamilies taken up in alphabetic order; they seem to be natural groups, but their phylogenetic interrelationships are not yet clear. Similarly, the evolutionary relationships within the subfamilies remain ambiguous, and the genera in each are listed alphabetically. Subfamily Chelidonioideae Ernst includes genera 1-5; subf. Eschscholzioideae Ernst, genera 6-7; subf. Papavaroideae Ernst, genera 8-14; and subf. Platostamenoideae Ernst, genera 15-17.[1]

Genus Glaucium

Herbs, annual , biennial, or perennial , caulescent , glaucous, from taproots ; sap yellow. Stems leafy, sometimes becoming woody at base . Leaves: basal rosulate, petiolate ; cauline alternate, sessile; blades 1-2× pinnately lobed [unlobed]. Inflorescences axillary or terminal , 1-flowered; bracts present. Flowers: sepals 2, distinct ; petals 4; stamens many; pistil 2-carpellate; ovary 2-locular; style absent or indistinct; stigma 2-lobed. Capsules erect , 2-valved, dehiscing from apex [base]. Seeds many, dark brown, reticulate-pitted, embedded in pithy septum, aril absent. x = 6.

Species 20-25: North America, Europe, c, sw Asia.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Open sandy shores and flats, waste places, and on ballast ; 0-200 m ; introduced [3].

Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 52 meters (171 feet).[4]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Biennial

Growth

Culture: Space 9-12" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.6 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Chelidonium glaucium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 506. 1753
2. G. luteum Scopoli

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Stirp. austr. fasc. 2:133. 1763

Name verified on 25-May-1995 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 16-Mar-2007

Similar Species

Members of the genus Glaucium

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 67 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

G. acutidentatum · G. afghanicum · G. aleppense · G. aleppicum · G. anatalyjaense · G. arabicum · G. aurantiacum · G. aureum · G. bracteatum · G. calycinum · G. cappadocicum · G. caricum · G. contortuplicatum · G. corniculatum (Black-Spot Horned-Poppy) · G. corniculatum 'Burnt Orange' · G. corniculatum var. flaviflorum · G. corniculatum var. phoeniceum (Black-Spot Horned-Poppy) · G. corniculatum var. pilosum (Black-Spot Horned-Poppy) · G. corniculatum var. squamigerum (Black-Spot Horned-Poppy) · G. cuneatum · G. elbursium · G. elegans · G. fimbrilligerum · G. fischeri · G. flavum (Yellow Horned Poppy) · G. flavum aurantiacum · G. flavum 'Extra' (Yellow Horned Poppy) · G. flavum f. fulvum (Orange Horned Poppy) · G. fulvum · G. glaucium · G. glaucum · G. grandiflorum · G. haussknechtii · G. hybridum · G. insigne · G. integrifolium · G. intermedium · G. judaicum · G. leiocarpum · G. leptopodum · G. littorale · G. luteum · G. mathiolifolium · G. mesopotamicum · G. oxylobum · G. paucilobatum · G. penicum · G. persicum · G. phoeniceum · G. phoenicium · G. pulchrum · G. pumilum · G. quadratifolium · G. refractocarpum · G. refractum · G. richardsonii · G. rubrum · G. serpieri · G. spurium · G. squamigerum · G. syriacum · G. tenue · G. tricolar · G. tricolor · G. trivalve · G. violaceum · G. vitellinum

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• "Glaucium flavum". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 11, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 31 providers.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 11, 2007:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
• Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
• GBIF-Spain, Botánica, Universidad de León: LEB-Cormo
• GBIF-Spain, Dirección General de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación de la Junta de Extremadura(DGIDTI): HSS
• GBIF-Spain, Herbario Universidad de Málaga: MGC-Cormófitos
• GBIF-Spain, Herbario de la Universidad de Sevilla, SEV
• GBIF-Spain, Hortus Botanicus Sollerensis Herbarium
• GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
• GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Almería, HUAL
• GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas: FCO
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Israel Nature and Parks Authority
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plants, Field notes, Oslo
• SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
• SysTax, Justus-Liebig-Universitat Giessen
• SysTax, Museu Botanico Municipal
• SysTax, SysTax
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Joint Nature Conservation Committee - Vegetation surveys of coastal shingle in Great Britain
• US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2667283
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-502800
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13719407
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:673167-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 17621
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 502800
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 161798-3
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDPAP0C020
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: GLFL
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 40831

Footnotes

1. Robert W. Kiger "Papaveraceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Robert W. Kiger "Glaucium". in Flora of North America Vol 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Glaucium flavum". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Standard Deviation = 221.610 based on 2,368 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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