Geranium molle (Awnless Geranium)

Overview

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Dovefoot geranium. <em>Geranium molle</em> flower and fruit.

Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in English:

Awnless Geranium, Dovefoot Crane´s-Bill, Dovefoot Geranium, Doves-Foot Crane's-Bill, Dovesfoot Crane's-Bill

Common Names in Portuguese:

Gerânio-Bico-De-Pombo-Menor

Description

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Genus Geranium

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves usually alternate, stipulate , variously divided . Peduncles (1-) 2-flowered. Flowers often showy, regular, usually 5-merous. Petals alternating with 5 nectiferous glands . Stamens (5-) 10, staminodes occasional. Carpels usually 5, adnate , separating septifragally from the central axis at maturity. Ovary 5-lobed. Fruit schizocarpic, of 5 mericarps which remain attached to an elastically coiling stylar axis upwards; mericarps without apical pits.

A genus of c. 400 species, mainly distributed in the temperate zone of N. Hemisphere, but also in the tropics. Represented in Pakistan by 22 species. The large flowered perennials are difficult to key out satisfactorily unless there is ample information on the nature of the underground parts, flower colour, shape and size of the leaves and the fruits. In the key that follows, I have used the following terminology: segments for primary division of leaves; lobes for secondary division . The sepal length excludes the awn . The beak length (in fruit) excludes the styles.[1]

Physical Description

Species Geranium molle

Annuals . Stem 10-45 cm tall, erect or decumbent , not rooting at nodes, with 1-1.7 mm patent nonglandular trichomes and 0.2-0.5 mm patent glandular and nonglandular trichomes. Stipules lanceolate, distinct . Leaves alternate; petiole with 1-1.5 mm patent nonglandular trichomes and 0.2-0.5 mm glandular and nonglandular trichomes; leaf blade 0.9-4 cm, palmately cleft , ratio of main sinus/middle segment length = 0.5-0.75, pilose with appressed nonglandular trichomes; segments 5, obtriangular, 1.5-5 mm wide at base , 3(or 4) -lobed at apex, ratio of second sinus/middle segment length = 0.14-0.25. Cymules solitary, 2-flowered; peduncle 0.5-8 cm. Pedicel 0.5-1.5 cm, with 1-1.8 mm patent nonglandular trichomes and 0.2-0.5 mm patent glandular and nonglandular trichomes; bracteoles lanceolate. Sepals (1-) 2.5-5.5(-6) mm, mucro 0.1-0.2 mm, ratio of mucro/sepal length = 0.03-0.1, outside with 1-1.5 mm patent nonglandular trichomes and 0.2-0.5 mm ± patent nonglandular and glandular trichomes, outside glabrous . Petals bright purple, 3-8.5(-10.5) mm, erect to patent, both surfaces glabrous, margin basally ciliate , apex emarginate with a 1-2.5 mm notch . Staminal filaments whitish, lanceolate, glabrous except proximal half with some 0.1-0.2 mm cilia; anthers purplish, 0.7-1.5 mm. Nectaries 5, hemispheric , glabrous. Stigma purplish. Fruit 0.8-1.4 cm, erect when immature ; mericarps transversely wrinkled, without a basal callus, glabrous but with a few cilia at base; rostrum 6-11 mm, with a 1-3 mm narrowed apex; stigmatic remains 1-2 mm. Seeds 1.4-1.8 mm. Fl. May, fr. May. 2n = 26. [source]

Although found as a naturalized weed in Taiwan, this species could be found as a native plant near the W boundaries of China, because its natural area includes the W Himalayas. This species also grows as an introduced weed in America and Australia. [source]

Habit: Forb/herb

Flowers: Bloom Period: March, April, May, June. • Flower Color: magenta, pink

Size/Age/Growth

Size: under 6" tall.

Habitat

Waste places, open habitats , dry grasslands, roadsides; 1800-1900 m [2].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,659 meters (0 to 5,443 feet).[3]

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Annual , Biennial, Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 15-18" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun .

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Brongniart, 1843
        Subclass: Rosidae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Geranianae () - (Dumortier, 1829) Takhtajan, 1997
        Order: Geraniales () - Dumortier, 1829
        Family: Geraniaceae () - A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
        Tribe: Geranieae ()
        Genus: Geranium () - C. Linnaeus, 1753 - Geranium
        Specific epithet: molle - L.
        Form: e, etc., made in Her Majesty's vessels in 186
        Botanical name: - Geranium molle L.

Synonyms

Geranium abortivum De Not. Ex Ces. • Geranium brutium Gasp. • Geranium brutium var. micranthum N. Terracc. • Geranium leiocaulon Ledeb. • Geranium macropetalum (Boiss.) Posp. • Geranium molle brutium (Gasp.) Graebn. in Asch. & Graebn. • Geranium molle f. albiflorum R. Uechtr. • Geranium molle f. annuum (Schur) Gams in Hegi • Geranium molle f. candidum Beck • Geranium molle f. glabrata A. Terracc. • Geranium molle f. pinguis K. Malý • Geranium molle f. pygmaea A. Terracc. • Geranium molle f. sepincola A. Terracc. • Geranium molle f. stipulare (Kunze) K. Malý • Geranium molle f. subperenne (Schur) Gams in Hegi • Geranium molle f. tenuisecta A. Terracc. • Geranium molle f. trivialis A. Terracc. • Geranium molle f. villosissima A. Terracc. • Geranium molle normale A. Terracc. • Geranium molle pollinense A. Terracc. • Geranium molle sinjaricum Al-Shehbaz & Al-Khakani • Geranium molle stipulare (Kunze) Dostál • Geranium molle var. abortivum (De Not. Ex Ces.) Ces. • Geranium molle var. album (Picard) Graebn. in Asch. & Graebn. • Geranium molle var. annuum (Schur) Graebn. in Asch. & Graebn. • Geranium molle var. arenarium A. Terracc. • Geranium molle var. bicolor Soest in Heukels • Geranium molle var. brutium (Gasp.) K. Malý • Geranium molle var. caespitosum (N. Terracc.) Graebn. in Asch. & Graebn. • Geranium molle var. caucasicum Regel Ex Woronow in Kusn. • Geranium molle var. diffusum Ten. Ex A. Terracc. • Geranium molle var. elatum Ten. Ex A. Terracc. • Geranium molle var. graecum A. Terracc. • Geranium molle var. grandiflorum Lange in Willk. & Lange • Geranium molle var. grandiflorum Lojac. • Geranium molle var. grandiflorum Vis. • Geranium molle var. leiocaulon (Ledeb.) Graebn. in Asch. & Graebn. • Geranium molle var. lucanum Gasp. Ex Nyman • Geranium molle var. macropetalum Boiss. • Geranium molle var. maioriflorum Borbás • Geranium molle var. maritimum Lojac. • Geranium molle var. minus Chevall. • Geranium molle var. montanum A. Terracc. • Geranium molle var. parvulum (Ten.) Graebn. in Asch. & Graebn. • Geranium molle var. pinguis (K. Malý) Graebn. in Asch. & Graebn. • Geranium molle var. stipulare (Kunze) Graebn. in Asch. & Graebn. • Geranium molle var. suaveolens (Boenn. Ex Rchb.) Gams in Hegi • Geranium molle var. subperenne (Schur) Graebn. in Asch. & Graebn. • Geranium molle var. supinum Fouc. & Jouss. • Geranium molle var. tenuisecta [a. Terracc. ] Graebn. in Asch. & Graebn. • Geranium molle var. triviale A. Terrac. Ex Graebn. in Asch. & Graebn. • Geranium molle var. triviale [a. Terracc. ] Gortani & M. Gortani • Geranium molle var. typicum Posp. • Geranium molle var. villosum (Ten.) Cout. • Geranium molle var. vulcanicum A. Terracc. • Geranium molle villosum (Ten.) A. Terracc. • Geranium oenense Borbás Ex Hallier in W. D. J. Koch • Geranium pollinense N. Terracc. Ex A. Terracc. • Geranium pseudovillosum Schur • Geranium punctatum Kanitz • Geranium pyrenaicum villosum (Ten.) Nyman • Geranium stipulare Kunze • Geranium villosum Ten. • Geranium villosum var. gracile Sennen • Geranium villosum var. villosissimum Ten. • Pass. & Gibelli

Notes

Publishing author : L. Publication : Sp. Pl. 2: 682 1753 [1 May 1753]

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Geranium

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 263 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

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Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. London: [The Society], 1791-1875. url p. 42.
Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Newcastle-upon-Tyne [et al.]F. & W. Dodsworth [et al.]1865/67-1973. url p. 144, p. 248, p. 48.
Weeds of farm land, by Winifred E. Brenchley. New York, Longmans, Green and co., 1920. url p. 11, p. 130, p. 172, p. 183, p. 214, p. 233.
Weeds of farm land. London, Longmans, 1920. url p. 11, p. 130, p. 183, p. 214, p. 233.
Withering, W. A systematic arrangement of British plants: with an easy introduction to the study of botany. 3 1801 London: Printed for T. Cadell, jun [etc.], 1801. url p. 592, p. 595.
Zoologist. London.1843-1916 url p. 451.

Notes

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Contributors

Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed April 30, 2012.
Geranium Taxonomic Information System 2006.
"Geranium molle". in Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 8, 10, 13, 14. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed May 26, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
RJB Geranium: Geranium Taxonomic Information System. Release date: May 27, 2008
RJB Geranium
Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 17, 2007:

Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, GEO Biodiversity Day
Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
NLBIF, Limnodata
Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plants, Field notes, Oslo
Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
SysTax, Justus-Liebig-Universitat Giessen
SysTax, Museu Botanico Municipal
The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Botany
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Herbarium of Oskarshamn
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Lund Botanical Museum
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Plants
Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
UK National Biodiversity Network, Joint Nature Conservation Committee - Vegetation surveys of coastal shingle in Great Britain
University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
University of Vienna, Institute for Botany - Herbarium WU, Herbarium WU
University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2652473
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ger-41
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4395043
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:373335-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 426
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 29110
International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 102081-3
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDGER020N0
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: GEMO
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 40658

Footnotes

Yasin J Nasir "Geranium". in Flora of Pakistan . Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
"Geranium molle". in Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 8, 10, 13, 14. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Mean = 130.370 meters (427.723 feet), Standard Deviation = 190.500 based on 7,304 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

Geranium molle

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Genus Geranium

Physical Description

Species Geranium molle

Size/Age/Growth

Habitat

Biology

Reproduction

Growth

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Geranium

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes