Geranium erianthum

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Genus Geranium

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves usually alternate, stipulate , variously divided . Peduncles (1-) 2-flowered. Flowers often showy, regular, usually 5-merous. Petals alternating with 5 nectiferous glands . Stamens (5-) 10, staminodes occasional. Carpels usually 5, adnate , separating septifragally from the central axis at maturity. Ovary 5-lobed. Fruit schizocarpic, of 5 mericarps which remain attached to an elastically coiling stylar axis upwards; mericarps without apical pits.

A genus of c. 400 species, mainly distributed in the temperate zone of N. Hemisphere, but also in the tropics. Represented in Pakistan by 22 species. The large flowered perennials are difficult to key out satisfactorily unless there is ample information on the nature of the underground parts, flower colour, shape and size of the leaves and the fruits. In the key that follows, I have used the following terminology: segments for primary division of leaves; lobes for secondary division . The sepal length excludes the awn . The beak length (in fruit) excludes the styles.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Forests , scrub , meadows.[2].

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 18-24" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

G. gorbizense Aedo & Mu&ntilde • G. orientale (Maximowicz) Freyn (1902) • Geranium elatum (Maxim.) R. Knuth in Engl. • Geranium erianthum f. albiflora Kom. • Geranium erianthum f. alpestris Kom. • Geranium erianthum f. communis Kom. • Geranium erianthum f. leucanthum Takeda • Geranium erianthum f. pallescens Nakai • Geranium erianthum var. angustifolium Miyabe & Tatew. • Geranium erianthum var. elatum Maxim. • Geranium erianthum var. orientale Maxim. • Geranium eriostemon Fischer Ex Candolle Var. orientale Maximowicz • Geranium eriostemon var. orientale Maxim. • Geranium gorbizense Aedo & Muñoz Garm. • Geranium maculatum L. Ap. Ledeb. • Geranium orientale (Maxim.) Freyn • Geranium pratense L. var. erianthum (DC.) B.Boivin • Geranium pratense var. erianthum (Dc.) B. Boivin • Geranium subumbelliforme R. Knuth in Engl.

Notes

Publishing author : DC. Publication : Prodr. (DC.) 1: 641 1824 [mid Jan 1824]

Similar Species

Members of the genus Geranium

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 263 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

G. (Cranesbill [thumping Heart]) · G. aequale (Awnless Geranium) · G. aequatoriale (Cranesbill) · G. albicans (Roundleaf Geranium) · G. arboreum (Hawai'i Red Cranesbill) · G. aristatum (Cranesbill) · G. asphodeloides (Hedgerow Geranium) · G. atropurpureum Heller var. cowenii (Rydb.) Dorn (Western Purple Cranesbill) · G. bicknellii (Bicknell's Cranesbill) · G. bicknellii Britton var. bicknellii Britton (Bicknell's Cranesbill) · G. bohemicum 'Orchid Blue' (Cranesbill) · G. caespitosum (James Cranebill) · G. caespitosum E.James var. fremontii (Torr. ex A.Gray) Dorn (Fremont Geranium) · G. caespitosum var. parryi (Engelm.) W.A.Weber (Parry Geranium) · G. californicum (California Crane's-Bill) · G. canariensis (Giant Geranium) · G. carolinianum (Carolina Crane's-Bill) · G. carolinianum L. var. sphaerospermum (Fern.) Breitung (Carolina Geranium) · G. cinereum (Grayleaf Geranium) · G. cinereum var. subcaulescens 'Giuseppe' (Greyleaf Geranium) · G. cinereum'Alice' (Alice Grayleaf Geranium) · G. cinereum 'Ballerina' (Ballerina Cranesbill) · G. cinereum 'Carol' (Carol Cranesbill) · G. cinereum 'Lawrence Flatman' (Grayleaf Geranium) · G. cinereum 'Memories' (Grayleaf Geranium) · G. cinereum 'Purple Pillow' (Grayleaf Geranium) · G. cinereum 'Sateene' (Sateen Grayleaf Geranium) · G. cinereum subcaulescens 'Splendens' (Grayleaf Geranium) · G. clarkei (Cranesbill) · G. clarkei 'Kashmir Pink' (Cranesbill) · G. clarkei 'Kashmir Purple' (Cranesbill) · G. clarkei 'Kashmir White' (Cranesbill) · G. columbinum (Long-Stalk Crane's-Bill) · G. cuneatum cuneatum (Cuneate-Leaf Crane's-Bill) · G. cuneatum hololeucum (Hinahina) · G. cuneatum hypoleucum (Hinahina) · G. cuneatum tridens (Hinahina) · G. dalmaticum (Geranium) · G. dissectum (Cut-Leaf Crane's-Bill) · G. divaricatum (Fanleaf Geranium) · G. Dragon Heart = 'Bremdra' (Cranesbill [dragon Heart]) · G. endressii (Cranesbill) · G. endressii x psilostemon 'Patricia' (Patricia Cranesbill) · G. erianthum (Northern Crane's-Bill) · G. farreri (Farrers Geranium) · G. gracile (Hardy Geranium) · G. hanaense (Maui Geranium) · G. harveyi (Cranesbill) · G. hayatanum (Hardy Geranium) · G. himalayense (Cranesbill) · G. himalayense 'Baby Blue' (Himalayan Geranium) · G. himalayense 'Derrick Cook' (Himalayan Geranium) · G. himalayense 'Devil's Blue' (Devil's Blue Himalayan Geranium) · G. himalayense 'Gravetye' (Himalayan Geranium) · G. himalayense 'Irish Blue' (Himalayan Geranium) · G. himalayense 'Plenum' (Birch Double Geranium) · G. homeanum (Australasia Crane's-Bill) · G. ibericum (Iberian Crane's-Bill) · G. ibericum jubatum (Iberian Geranium) · G. incanum (Carpet Geranium) · G. incanum 'Silver Sugar Plum' (Carpet Geranium) · G. kauaiense (Kauai Geranium) · G. lambertii (Geranium) · G. lambertii x procurrens 'Salome' (Salome Cranesbill) · G. lambertii 'Swansdown' (Geranium) · G. lentum (Mogollon Crane's-Bill) · G. libani (Geranium Geranium Libani) · G. lucidum (Shining Crane's-Bill) · G. macrorrhizum (Big Root Geranium) · G. macrorrhizum 'Album' (Cranesbill) · G. macrorrhizum 'Bevan's Variety' (Bevan's Variety Bigroot Cranesbill) · G. macrorrhizum 'Czakor' (Cranesbill) · G. macrorrhizum 'Ingwersen's Variety' (Ingwersen's Variety Bigroot Cranesbill) · G. macrorrhizum 'Lohfelden' (Cranesbill) · G. macrorrhizum 'Spessart' (Bigroot Cranesbill) · G. macrorrhizum 'Variegatum' (Bigroot Geranium) · G. macrorrhizum 'White-Ness' (Cranesbill) · G. macrostylum (Cranesbill) · G. maculatum (Cranesbill) · G. maculatum 'Album' (Spotted Geranium) · G. maculatum 'Elizabeth Ann' (Elizabeth Anne Hardy Geranium) · G. maculatum 'Espresso' (Espresso Cranesbill) · G. maderense (Madeiran Cranesbill) · G. magnificum (Cranesbill) · G. magniflorum (Cranesbill) · G. magniflorum 'Laveta Lace' (Geranium) · G. makmelicum (Grayleaf Geranium) · G. molle (Awnless Geranium) · G. molle molle (Dovesfoot Crane's-Bill) · G. multiflorum (Many-Flower Crane's Bill) · G. multiflorum multiflorum (Manyflower Geranium) · G. multisectum (Cranesbill) · G. nodosum (Geranium) · G. oreganum (Oregon Crane's-Bill) · G. palmatum (Canary Island Geranium) · G. palustre (Marsh Cranes-Bill) · G. phaeum (Dusky Cranesbill) · G. phaeum phaeum 'Samobor' (Cranesbill) · G. phaeum 'Album' (Dusky Cranesbill) · G. phaeum 'Calligrapher' (Dusky Cranesbill)

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Further Reading

• A list of the plants of the Pribilof Islands with notes on their distribution / by James M. Macoun. Washington: G.P.O., 1899. url .
• Alaska / Harriman Alaska Expedition. New York: Doubleday, Page, 1901-1910. url p. 25, p. 29, p. 31, p. 32, p. 37, p. 39.
• Alaska. New York, Doubleday, Page & company, 1901- url p. 30, p. 31, p. 37, p. 39.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. url p. 444, p. 444.
• Bibliographical index to North American botany; or, Citations of authorities for all the recorded indigenous and naturalized species of the flora of North America, with a chronological arrangement of the synonymy. by Sereno Watson. Washington, Smithsonian Institution, 1878. url p. 151.
• Botany Cambridge, Mass., John Wilson and Son, 1880 url p. 94.
• Botany. Cambridge, Mass., Welch, Bigelow, University Press, 1876-80. url p. 94, p. 94.
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 13, p. 765, p. 899.
• Brooklyn Botanic Garden record. 19 1930 [Brooklyn]: Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1912-44. url p. 9.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 19 1892 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870-1996 url p. 182.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 3 1892-1896 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 332, p. 337.
• Contributions from the herbarium of the Geological Survey of Canada / by James M. Macoun. [Ottawa?: s.n.], 1894-1906. url p. 7.
• Contributions to Canadian botany / by Jas. M. Macoun. Ottawa: [s. n.], 1894-1906. url p. 7.
• Edwards's botanical register. London: James Ridgway, 1829-1847. url , .
• Fauna of the Aleutian Islands and Alaska Peninsula, by Olaus J. Murie. Invertebrates and fishes collected in the Aleutians, 1936-38, by Victor B. Scheffer. Washington, Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1959 url p. 23, p. 24.
• Flora of Japan: in English: combined, much revised and extended translation / by the author of his Flora of Japan (1953) and Flora of Japan, Pteridophyta (1957); edited by Frederick G. Meyer and Egbert H. Walker. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1965. url p. 578.
• Flora of southern British Columbia and Vancouver Island: with many references to Alaska and northern species / by Joseph Kaye Henry. Toronto: W.J. Gage, c1915. url p. 198.
• Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url .
• Harriman Alaska series. City of Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1910-1914. url p. 25, p. 29, p. 31, p. 32, p. 37, p. 39.
• Harriman Alaska series. vol. I-V, VIII-XIV Washington, D.C., Smithsonian Institution, 1910-14 url p. 25, p. 29, p. 31, p. 32, p. 37, p. 39.
• Hooker, W. J. & G. A. W. Arnott. The botany of Captain Beechey's voyage;comprising an acount of the plants collected by Messrs. Lay and Collie, and other officers of the expedition, during the voyage to the Pacific and Behring's Strait, performed in His Majesty's ship Blossom, under the command of Captain F. W. Beechey. .. in the years 1825, 26, 27, and 28.By Sir William Jackson Hooker. .. and G. A. Walker Arnott. .. 1841 London, H. G. Bohn, 1841. url p. 113.
• Journal of ethnobiology. 19 1999 Flagstaff, Ariz.: Center for Western Studies, 1981- url p. 208.
• Leaflets of western botany. San Fransisco:[J. T. Howell], 1932-1966. url p. 12, p. 203.
• Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. [Boston: The Academy, url p. 383, p. 438.
• Memoirs read before the Boston Society of Natural History. Boston, [Boston Society of Natural History]1862-1946. url p. 104.
• North American fauna. Washington: Fish and Wildlife Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U. S. Govt. Print. Off. url p. 23, p. 24, p. 24.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia url p. 81.
• Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science. Indianapolis, Ind.[s.n.] url p. 391.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 7 1884 Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 637, p. 703.
• Report for the year - British Columbia Provincial Museum. [Victoria]; Printed by A. Sutton [etc.], for the Queen. url .
• Science. New York, N.Y.: [s.n.]1880- url p. 72.
• Scientific Japan, past and present, prepared [by the National Research Council of Japan] in connection with the third Pan-Pacific Science Congress, Tokyo, 1926. Kyoto[1926?] url p. 79.
• Scientific papers of Asa Gray / selected by Charles Sprague Sargent. Boston, Houghton, 1889. url p. 126.
• Scientific papers of Asa Gray, selected by Charles Sprague Sargent. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin, 1889. url p. 126, p. 126.
• Scientific results of the Katmai expeditions of the National Geographic Society. I-X. By Robert F. Griggs, J.W. Shipley, Jasper D. Sayre, Paul R. Hagelbarger and James S. Hine. Columbus: The Ohio State University, 1920. url , p. 196.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. 15 1878 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. url p. 150, p. 151, p. 237, p. 50, p. 72.
• Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url p. 11, p. 22, p. 22, p. 23, p. 28, p. 30, p. 45, p. 46, p. 60, p. 63, p. 78.
• Synoptical flora of North America. New York, American Book Company, 1878-1895/97 [v.2, pt. 1, 1878] url p. 358, p. 359.
• The Aleutian islands: their people and natural history (with keys for the identification of the birds and plants) City of Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1945. url p. 105, p. 113, p. 65.
• The American journal of science. 23 (2) 1857 New Haven, Kline Geology Laboratory, Yale University. url p. 371.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 131, p. 272, p. 418, p. 432, p. 601, p. 629.
• The Canadian record of science. Montreal: Natural History Society, 1884-1916. url , p. 415, p. 416.
• The Gardeners' chronicle. 1841 London: published for the proprietors, 1841-1843. url p. iv.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 733.
• The Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan = Tokyo Teikoku Daigaku kiyo. Rika. Tokyo, Japan: The University, 1898-1925. url p. 86.
• The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 42 1914 London: the Society: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green: ||Williams and Norgate, 1865-1968. url p. 441.
• The National geographic magazine. Washington: National Geographic Society, 1888-1959. url p. 211.
• The Ohio journal of science. Columbus, Ohio, The Ohio State University and the Ohio Academy of Science url p. 196.
• The Russian fur-seal islands. By Leonhard Stejneger. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1896. url p. 143.
• The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, by Robert F. Griggs, PH. D.; with 9 maps and 233 illustrations. Washington, National Geographic Society, 1922. url p. 337.
• The fur seals and fur-seal islands of the North Pacific ocean. Washington, Govt. Print. Off.1898-99. url , , , , , .
• The gardener's magazine and register of rural & domestic improvement. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1826-1844. url .
• Torrey, J. & A. Gray A flora of North America: containing abridged descriptions of all the known indigenous and naturalized plants growing north of Mexico, arranged according to the natural system /by John Torrey and Asa Gray. New York: Wiley & Putnam, 1838-[1843]. url p. 206.
• Torreya. Burlington, Vt., Torrey Botanical Club, 1901-1945. url p. 196.
• Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society. Sapporo, Japan, Sapporo Natural History Society, Hokkaido Imperial University. url p. 145, p. 145, p. 157, p. 157, p. 175.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed April 30, 2012.
• Geranium Taxonomic Information System 2006.
• "Geranium erianthum". in Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 8, 20, 21. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 14, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 6 providers.
• RJB Geranium: Geranium Taxonomic Information System. Release date: May 27, 2008
• RJB Geranium
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 14, 2007:

• Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2667242
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ger-242
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14714181
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:373017-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 413
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 502757
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 109140-2
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDGER020D0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: GEPRE
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 40645

Footnotes

1. Yasin J Nasir "Geranium". in Flora of Pakistan . Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Geranium erianthum". in Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 8, 20, 21. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.