Geranium maculatum (Cranesbill)

Overview

[ Back to top ]

Wild geranium. <em>Geranium maculatum</em>

Interesting Facts

[ Back to top ]

Wild Geranium adds pretty spots of pink along the springtime trailsides. Bees are attracted to the white nectar guides on the inside of the petals. Note the five-parted stigmas on the pistil.
The fruits are interesting. They have 5 seeds in cups at the base of a "storkbill" seed pod. When the fruit ripens the pod splits and throws the seeds upward.

Common Names

[ Back to top ]

Common Names in English:

Cranesbill, Spotted Crane's-Bill, Spotted Geranium, Wild Crane's-Bill, Wild Geranium

Description

[ Back to top ]

Genus Geranium

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves usually alternate, stipulate , variously divided . Peduncles (1-) 2-flowered. Flowers often showy, regular, usually 5-merous. Petals alternating with 5 nectiferous glands . Stamens (5-) 10, staminodes occasional. Carpels usually 5, adnate , separating septifragally from the central axis at maturity. Ovary 5-lobed. Fruit schizocarpic, of 5 mericarps which remain attached to an elastically coiling stylar axis upwards; mericarps without apical pits.

A genus of c. 400 species, mainly distributed in the temperate zone of N. Hemisphere, but also in the tropics. Represented in Pakistan by 22 species. The large flowered perennials are difficult to key out satisfactorily unless there is ample information on the nature of the underground parts, flower colour, shape and size of the leaves and the fruits. In the key that follows, I have used the following terminology: segments for primary division of leaves; lobes for secondary division . The sepal length excludes the awn . The beak length (in fruit) excludes the styles.[1]

Physical Description

Habit: Forb/herb

Flowers: Light pink or pale deep magenta cupped, 5-petalled flowers in May-June. • Bloom Period: April, May, June. • Flower Color: lavender, mauve , pale pink, pink, rose, violet

Seeds: Fruit: Cranesbill fruit in summer.

Foliage: Summer foliage: Erect flowering stems bear 1 pair of leaves. Mid-green, hairy , deeply lobed basal foliage .

Size/Age/Growth

Size: Height 18-24".

Landscaping

Landscape Uses: Borders . Woodland gardens. • Care: Deer resistant.

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,092 meters (0 to 3,583 feet).[2]

Biology

[ Back to top ]

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 10-15" apart.

Soil: Prefers organic , moist, well-drained soil. • Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Plant in sun or part shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

[ Back to top ]

Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Brongniart, 1843
        Subclass: Rosidae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Geranianae () - (Dumortier, 1829) Takhtajan, 1997
        Order: Geraniales () - Dumortier, 1829
        Series: on of American wild flowers that bloom in Apr ()
        Family: Geraniaceae () - A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
        Subfamily: Asteroideae ()
        Tribe: Geranieae ()
        Genus: Geranium () - C. Linnaeus, 1753 - Geranium
        Specific epithet: maculatum - Andrews
        Botanical name: - Geranium maculatum Andrews

Synonyms

Geranium maculatum var. albiflorum Raf. • Geranium maculatum var. album H. M. Myers • Geranium maculatum var. diphyllum Raf. • Geranium maculatum var. humile Raf. • Geranium maculatum var. macrophyllum Raf. • Geranium maculatum var. parviflora N. Coleman • Geranium maculatum var. plenum Lauman in L. H. Bailey • Geranium maculatum var. viride Raf.

Notes

Publishing author : Andrews Publication : Geraniums ii. t. 98 (1805), non Linn.

Similar Species

[ Back to top ]

Members of the genus Geranium

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 263 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

More Info

[ Back to top ]

Search for Pictures: images.google.com
Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

... A preliminary catalogue of the flora of New Jersey. Comp. by N. L. Britton. .. with the assistance of eminent botanists. New Brunswick, Office of the survey, 1881. url p. 20.
A biological survey of the sand dune region on the south shore of Saginaw Bay, Michigan. Prepared under the direction of Alexander G. Ruthven. Lansing, Mich.: Wynkoop, Hallenbeck, Crawford co., state printers, 1911. url p. 101, p. 50.
A botanical survey of the Sugar Grove region / by Robert F. Griggs. Columbus: Ohio State University, 1914. url p. 317.
A catalogue of plants growing without cultivation in the County of Nantucket, Mass. Northampton, Mass., Gazette Printing Co., 1888. url p. 20.
A catalogue of the flowering plants and vascular cryptogams, found in and near Lackawanna and Wyoming valleys, by William R. Dudley...and Charles O. Thurston...1892. Wilkes-Barre, Pa., E. B. Yordy, 1892. url .
A classification of the larvae of the Tenthredinoidea; with fourteen plates, by Hachiro Yuasa. Urbana, Ill., c1923 url p. 62.
A condensed compendium of pharmaceutical knowledge; a quiz book, by H.C. Gray and C.H. Bryan. Chicago, Gray & Bryan, 1892. url p. 143.
A contribution to the knowledge of the flora of southeastern Minnesota. [Boston, Heliotype Print. Co.]1900. url p. 362, p. 394.
A first report on the relations between climates and crops. By Cleveland Abbe. Washington [D.C.]: Govt. Print. Off., 1905. url p. 293.
A guide to the wild flowers Toronto: McLelland, Goodchild & Steward, c1899. url , .
A guide to the wild flowers by Alice Lounsberry; with sixty four coloured and one hundred black-and-white plates and fifty-four diagrams by Ellis Rowan; with an introduction by N.L. Britton. Toronto: W. Briggs, c1899. url , .
A guide to the wild flowers, by Alice Lounsberry. With sixty-four coloured and one hundred black-and-white plates and fifty-four diagrams by Mrs. Ellis Rowan; with an introduction by Dr. N.L. Britton... New York, Frederick A. Stokes company[1899] url , p. 307, p. 468.
A laboratory manual in practical botany; by Charles H. Clark. Chicago [etc.]American book company[1898] url p. 23.
A little book of perennials, by Alfred C. Hottes. New York, N. Y., The A. T. De La Mare1923. url p. 167, p. 31, p. 96.
A manual of organic materia medica and pharmacognosy; an introduction to the study of the vegetable kingdom and the vegetable and animal drugs (with syllabus of inorganic remedial agents) comprising the botanical and physical characteristics, source, con Philadelphia, Blakiston[1917] url p. 257, p. xv.
A manual of scientific terms, pronouncing, etymological, and explanatory, chiefly comprising terms in botany, natural history, anatomy, medicine, and veterinary science, with an appendix of specific names. Designed for the use of by Rev. James Stormonth Edinburgh, Maclachlan and Stewart, 1885 url p. 177.
A manual of the medical botany of North America by Laurence Johnson. New York: W. Wood, 1884. url p. 111, p. 287.
A narrative history of the town of Cohasset, Massachusetts. [Cohasset]Committee on Town History, 1898-1956. url p. 542.
A naturalist in the Great Lakes region, by Elliot Rowland Downing. .. Chicago, Ill., The University of Chicago Press[c1922] url , , , , , p. 136, p. 138, p. 140, p. 142.
A partial list of plants available for various uses in general landscape planting, comp. by Albert D. Taylor. Cleveland, A.D. Taylor, c1916 url p. 27, p. 27.
A practical handbook of trees, shrubs, vines and herbaceous perennials. Boston, Mass.: The Bullard company, 1912. url p. 391.
A preliminary list of the vascular flora of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania / by John A. Shaffer. Pittsburgh?: Carnegie Institute Museum?, 1901? url p. 33.
A provisional host-index of the fungi of the United States, by W. G. Farlow and A. B. Seymour. Cambridge, 1888-91. url p. 12, p. 189.
A provisional list of the parasitic fungi of Wisconsin. Madison, 1914 url p. 857, p. 892, p. 907, p. 941.
A spring flora for high schools, New York, Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Company[c1915] url , , .
A spring flora for high schools, by Henry C. Cowles. .. and John G. Coulter. .. New York, American book company[c1915] url p. 137, p. 17, p. 22, p. 86.
A text-book of botany and pharmacognosy: intended for the use of students of pharmacy, as a reference book for pharmacists, and a handbook for food and drug analysts / by Henry Kraemer. Philadelphia & London: J. B. Lippincott company[c1910] url p. 302, p. 505.
A university text-book of botany. New York, Macmillan, 1910. url p. 434, p. 562.
American forests. Washington [etc.]American Forestry Association [etc.] url .
American medicinal plants; an illustrated and descriptive guide to the American plants used as homopathic remedies: their history, preparation, chemistry and physiological effects. By Charles F. Millspaugh. 1887 New York, Boericke & Tafel, c1887. url page 6- 1, page 32- 1, page 11- 2, p. 52, remedies, page xi.
American medicinal plants;: an illustrated and descriptive guide to the American plants used as homopathic remedies: their history, preparation, chemistry, and physiological effects. / By Charles F. Millspaugh, . ..; Illustrated by the author. New York; Boericke & Tafel., c1887. url , , , , , , .
An annotated translation of the part of Schweinitz's two papers giving the rusts of North America / by J.C. Arthur and G.R. Bisby. Philadelphia ?: s.n., 1918? url p. 223.
An illustrated dictionary of medicine, biology and allied sciences. By George M. Gould. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston, Son & Co., 1894. url p. 64.
An illustrated dictionary of scientific terms. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, pref. 1878. url p. 15.
An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. Addison Brown. New York: Scribner, 1913. url p. 426, p. 427, p. 427.
An illustrated guide to the flowering plants of the middle Atlantic and New England states (excepting the grasses and sedges) the descriptive text written in familiar language, by George T. Stevens. .. with more than 1800 illustrations from drawings by the author. New York, Dodd, Mead and company, 1910. url p. 365, p. 367.
An introduction to the chemistry of plant products by Paul Haas and T. G. Hill. London, Longmans, Green, 1928-1929. url p. 269.
Annals of the Carnegie Museum. [Pittsburgh]: Published by authority of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute, 1901- url p. 33.
Annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of New York state, by Homer D. House. Albany, The University of the state of New York, 1924. url p. 458.
Annual report / Albany: University of the State of New York, 1902-1918. url p. 199, p. 251.
Annual report / New York State Museum. Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, c1904-1920. url p. 115.
Annual report Missouri Botanical Garden. 19 1908 St. Louis: Board of Trustees, 1890-1912. url p. 169, p. 173, p. 177, p. 179, p. 220.
Annual report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: U. S. Govt. Print. Off., 1897- url p. 342, p. 546.
Annual report of the Commissioner of Agriculture. .. Albany: State of New York, Dept. of Agriculture, 1894-1911. url p. 254.
Annual report of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station. [Orono, Me.: Maine State College, 1885-1953. url p. 174, p. 199, p. 3, p. 47, p. 54, p. 6, p. 6, p. 74.
Annual report of the Michigan Academy of Science. Lansing, Mich.: The Academy, 1916-1921. url p. 189, p. 268.
Annual report of the Minnesota State Horticultural Society. Minneapolis: The Society, 1883-1898. url p. 188.
Annual report of the New Jersey State Museum. Trenton, N.J.: MacCrellish & Quigley, url p. 514, p. 515, p. 87.
Annual report of the Ohio State Academy of Science. Columbus: The Academy, 1893-1930. url p. 258, p. 258, p. 359, p. 359, p. 74.
Annual report of the Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants from Insects and Fungous Diseases. Quebec: The Society, 1909-1920. url .
Annual report of the State Botanist of the State of New York. Albany: Troy Press, 1889-1897. url .
Annual report of the Trustees of the State Museum of Natural History for the year. .. Albany, N.Y.: The Trustees, 1886-1889. url p. 105.
Annual report. .. / [State Board of Agriculture]. [Montpelier, Vt.]: The Board, 1900-1908. url p. 56.
Applied and economic botany for students in technical and agricultural schools, pharmaceutical and medical colleges, for chemists, food analysts and for the those engaged in the morphological and physiological study of plants. New York, Wiley[1916] url p. 578.
Applied and economic botany, especially adapted for the use of students in technical schools, agricultural, pharmaceutical and medical colleges, and also as a book of reference for chemists, food analysts and students engaged in by Henry Kraemer. .. illustrated with 424 plates, comprising about 2000 figures. Philadelphia, The author[c1914] url p. 571, p. 578, p. 578.
Bartonia;proceedings of the Philadelphia botanical club. .. 29 - 41 1957 - 19 Philadelphia, Philadelphia Botanical Club, Academy of Natural Sciences. url p. 10, p. 113, p. 114, p. 33, p. 53, p. 69, p. 9.
Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, by Robert S. Breed [and others] Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co., 1957. url p. 173.
Bibliographical index to North American botany; or, Citations of authorities for all the recorded indigenous and naturalized species of the flora of North America, with a chronological arrangement of the synonymy. by Sereno Watson. Washington, Smithsonian Institution, 1878. url p. 151.
Biological lectures delivered at the Marine Biological Laboratory of Wood's Holl [sic]. Boston, Ginn & Co. url p. 179, p. 179.
Botanic drugs, their materia medica, pharmacology, and therapeutics, by Thomas S. Blair. Cincinnati, O.: The Therapeutic digest publishing co., 1917. url p. 172.
Botanical guide through the Phipps conservatories in Pittsburg and Allegheny. Pittsburg, Pa.[Printed by Foster, Dick & co., 1894] url p. 107.
Botany for secondary schools; a guide to the knowledge of the vegetation of the neighborhood, by L. H. Bailey. New York, Macmillan, 1920. url p. 373.
Botany for young people and common schools: how plants grow: a simple introduction to structural botany: with a popular flora, or, an arrangement and description of common plants, both wild and cultivated / New York: Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & Co., 1881. url .
Botany, an elementary text for schools. New YorkMacmillan1900 url p. 313.
Botany, developmental and descriptive. Philadelphia, Lea, 1922. url p. 128, p. 134, p. 158.
Botany: an elementary text for schools / by L. H. Bailey. New York: Macmillan, 1901, c1900. url p. 313.
Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 12, p. 13, p. 381, p. 840, p. 899.
Brooklyn Botanic Garden record. 25 1936 [Brooklyn]: Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1912-44. url p. 3, p. 5.
Bulletin - Maine Agricultural Experiment Station. [Orono]Maine Agricultural Experiment Station. url .
Bulletin - New York State Museum. Albany: New York State Education Dept. url p. 115, p. 8.
Bulletin - State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut. [Hartford]State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut, 1904- url p. 608.
Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. url p. 130, p. 154, p. 30, p. 49, p. 71.
Bulletin / Illinois Natural History Survey. Urbana, State of Illinois, Dept. of Registration and Education, Natural History Survey Division, 1918-1985. url p. 213, p. 393.
Bulletin / Ohio Biological Survey. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, 1913- url p. 317, p. 454.
Bulletin / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington: G.P.O., 1901-1913. url p. 24, p. 33, p. 73, p. 8.
Bulletin from the laboratories of natural history of the State University of Iowa. Iowa City, Iowa: The University, 1888-[1918]. url p. 40.
Bulletin of the Charleston Museum. [Charleston, S.C.: the Museum], 1907-1922. url p. 60.
Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. Bloomington, Ill.: The Laboratory, 1876-1918. url p. 134, p. 250, p. 342, p. 361, p. 361, p. 402, p. 402, p. 429, p. 429.
Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden. 1 1898 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., url p. 147, p. 200, p. 222.
Bulletin of the scientific laboratories of Denison University. Granville, Ohio: [The University], 1885- url p. 24.
Bulletin: report of Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural and Mechanical College, Auburn, Ala. Auburn, Ala.: The Station, [1888-1903] url p. 85.
C. E. Hobbs Botanical hand-book of common local, English, botanical and pharmacopial names arranged in alphabetical order, of most of the crude vegetable drugs, etc., in common use. Especially designed as a reference book for druggists and apothecaries. Comp. and pub. by Charles E. Hobbs. Boston, Printed by C.C. Roberts, 1876. url p. 177, p. 243, p. 61.
C.E. Hobbs' Botanical hand-book: of common local, English, botanical and pharmacopœial names arranged in alphabetical order, of most of the crude vegetable drugs, etc., in common use: their properties, productions and uses in an abb Boston: Printed by C.C. Roberts, 1876. url , , , , , , .
Catalog of Ohio vascular plants: arranged according to the phyletic classification: with notes on the geographical distribution in the state, based mainly on specimens in the State Herbarium, Botanical Laboratory, the Ohio State Uni by John H. Schaffner. Columbus: Ohio State University, 1914. url p. 171.
Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein. .. [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- url , , p. 1822, p. 2018, p. 2051, p. 2056.
Catalogue of Canadian plants. .. Montreal [etc.]1883-1902. url , p. 90.
Catalogue of plants found in New Jersey. Trenton, John L. Murphy Pub. Co., 1889. url .
Catalogue of plants which have been found growing without cultivation in the park and its outlying territories collected, mounted and catalogued for the plant herbarium in the superintendent's office at Niagara Falls, Ontario / by Roderick Cameron. Niagara Falls, Ont.?: s.n., 1896? url , .
Catalogue of scientific papers (1800-1900) Comp. by the Royal society of London. Cambridge, C. J. Clay and sons, 1867-1902; url p. 116, p. 16, p. 282, p. 338.
Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. Compiled by the Royal Society of London. London, C.J. Clay and Sons, 1867-1902 [etc.] Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1914-25. url p. 116, p. 16, p. 282, p. 338.
Catalogue of the collections in the museum of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain compiled by E.M. Holmes. London, The Society, 1878. url p. 21.
Catalogue of the flora of Oak Island, Revere, Massachusets: with notes. Introd. and summary by John Robinson. Salem, Mass., Printed at the Salem Press, 1883 url p. 146.
Catalogue of the flora of Vermont, including phaenogamous and vascular cryptogamous plants growing without cultivation. Burlington, [Vt.]Free Press Association, 1888. url p. 16.
Catalogue of the flowering plants and ferns of Connecticut growing without cultivation / by Charles Burr Graves. .. [et al.]; Committee of the Connecticut Botanical Society. Hartford: Printed for the State Geological and Natural History Survey, 1910. url p. 261.
Catalogue of the phanerogams and ferns of Licking County, Ohio. Granville, Ohio, Press of Granville Times, 1892. url .
Chamber's encyclopaedia, a dictionary of universal knowledge. London, Chambers, 1902. url p. 166.
Children's gardens for school and home: a manual of cooperative gardening / by Louise Klein Miller. New York: Appleton, 1904. url p. 224.
Colour in my garden, by Louise Beebe Wilder. Illustrated in colour, by Anna Winegar. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Page, 1918. url p. 359.
Comparative morphology of Fungi, by Ernst Albert Gäumann. .. translated and revised by Carroll William Dodge. .. New York [etc.]McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1928. url p. 193, p. 681.
Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory and the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: [s.n., url .
Contributions from the Hull Botanical Laboratory. [Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1895- url p. 474.
Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. New York: The Garden, 1899- url p. 551.
Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 21 1919 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 190, p. 191, p. 583, p. 83.
Contributions to the botany of Vermont. Burlington, Vt.: Botanical Dept., University of Vermont, 1898-1911. url p. 10, p. 20, p. 56.
Cultures of Uredineae 1899-1921. n.p., n.d. url p. 13, p. 22, p. 32, p. 61, p. 78, p. 81.
Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants sold in the United by L. H. Bailey. .. assisted by William Miller. .. and many expert cultivators and botanists. London: The Macmillan company, 1909. url p. 393, p. 640.
Descriptive catalogue (with current prices) of standard pharmaceutical and biological products for the veterinarian: with notes on modern biological therapy. Indianapolis: Pitman-Moore Co., c1922. url p. 72.
Descriptive catalogue of North American Hepaticae, north of Mexico. by Lucien M. Underwood, PH. D. Peoria, Ill., J. W. Franks & sons, 1884 url p. 250, p. 402, p. 429.
Elementary botany. New York, H. Holt, 1899. url .
Elementary botany. New York, Holt, 1908. url p. 272.
Elements of botany. Boston, Ginn[c1904, pref. 1906] url .
Entomological news, and proceedings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia[Entomological Rooms of the Academy of Natural Sciences] url p. 109.
Entomological news. [Philadelphia]American Entomological Society, 1925- url p. 226, p. 74.
Erigenia: journal of the Illinois Native Plant Society. Carbondale, Ill.: The Society, 1982- url p. 14, p. 17, p. 31, p. 41, p. 51, p. 71, p. 77, p. 87.
Essentials of botany. Boston, Ginn[c1908] url , .
Experiment station record. Washington: G.P.O., 1889-1946. url p. 249.
Experimental pollination; an outline of the ecology of flowers and insects, by Frederic E. Clements and Frances L. Long. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1923. url p. 40.
Facts relating to the history of Groton, Massachusetts, by Samuel Abbott Green. .. [Cambridge, J. Wilson and Son]1912-14. url p. 8.
Favourite flowers of garden and greenhouse /by Edward Step. ..; the cultural directions edited by William Watson. ..; illustrated with three hundred and sixteen coloured plates, selected and arranged by D. Bois. 1 1896 London and New York: Frederick Warne & co., 1896-97. url p. 106.
Field Museum of Natural History bulletin. Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, [1930]-c1990. url p. 15.
Field book of American wild flowers; being a short description of their character and habits, a concise definition of their colors, and incidental references to the insects which assist in their fertilization, by F. Schuyler Mathews. 1912 New York, Putnam, [1912] url p. 577.
Field book of american wild flowers; being a short description of their character and habits, a concise definition of their colors, and incidental references to the insects which assist in their fertilization, by F. Schuyler Mathews... with numerous reproductions of water colors and pen-and-ink studies from nature by the author. New York, G.P. Putnam, 1902. url p. 542.
Field, forest, and garden botany; a simple introduction to the common plants of the United States east of the 100th meridian, both wild and cultivated, by Asa Gray. .. Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Company[1895] url p. 94.
Fieldbook of Illinois wild flowers; six hundred fifty of the more common flowering plants in the state. Urbana, 1936. url p. 177.
Flora Peoriana; the vegetation in the climate of middle Illinois. Peoria, Ill., J. W. Franks & Sons, 1887. url , p. 45.
Flora of Ann Arbor and vicinity. Ann Arbor, [Mich.]: Courier Steam Print. House, 1876. url p. 90.
Flora of Berkshire County, Massachusetts. Boston, Printed for the Society, 1922. url , p. 293.
Flora of Burlington and vicinity; a list of the fern and seed plants growing without cultivation, by Nellie F. Flynn. Burlington, Free Press Printing Co., 1911. url p. 56.
Flora of Delaware and the Eastern Shore: an annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of the peninsula of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia. [Wilmington]: Society of Natural History of Delaware, 1946. url p. 162.
Flora of Illinois, containing keys for identification of flowering plants and ferns. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame Press, 1963. url p. 98.
Flora of Indiana, by Charles C. Deam. Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford printing co., contractor for state printing and binding, 1940. url p. 624.
Flora of Middlesex County, Massachusetts, Malden, Middlesex Institute, 1888. url .
Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine: a preliminary catalogue of the plants growing on Mount Desert and the adjacent islands / by Edward L. Rand and John H. Redfield; with a geological introduction by William Morris Davis, and a new map of Mount Desert Island. Cambridge, Mass.: J. Wilson, 1894. url p. 277.
Flora of Mount Desert island, Maine. A preliminary catalogue of the plants growing on Mount Desert and the adjacent islands. By Edward L. Rand and John H. Redfield. With a geological introduction by William Morris Davis, and a new map of Mount Desert island. Cambridge, Mass., J. Wilson and son, 1894. url p. 277.
Flora of Nebraska; a list of the conifers and flowering plants of the state with keys for their determination. Plainview, Neb.[c1912] url , .
Flora of Nebraska; a list of the ferns, conifers and flowering plants of the state with keys for their determination. Plainview, Neb., 1923 url p. 90.
Flora of Pennsylvania, Boston, Ginn & Company, 1903. url .
Flora of Pennsylvania. Edited with the addition of analytical keys by John Kunkel Small. Boston, Ginn & Co., 1903. url p. 193.
Flora of Vermont; a list of the fern and seed plants growing without cultivation. Prepared by Ezra Brainerd, L.R. Jones and W.W. Eggleston, committee for the Vermont botanical club. Burlington, Vt., Free Press Association, 1900. url p. 56.
Flora of West Virginia, by Charles Frederick Millspaugh and Lawrence William Nuttall. 1 1896 Chicago, 1896. url p. 213.
Flora of Winneshiek County. Des Moines: 1906. url , , .
Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook reservations, of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. Boston: C.M. Barrows, 1896. url p. 14.
Flora of the District of Columbia and vicinity. By A.S. Hitchcock and Paul C. Standley, with the assistance of the botanists of Washington. WashingtonGovt. print. off.1919 url p. 191.
Flora of the Indiana dunes, a handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the lake Michigan Coast of Indiana and of the Calumet District, by Donald Culross Peattie. Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1930. url p. 245.
Flora of the Miami Valley, Ohio /c by A.P. Morgan. Dayton, Ohio: Literary Union, 1878. url p. 13.
Flora of the Southern United States: containing an abridged description of the flowering plants and ferns of Tennessee, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida: arranged according to the natural system. New York, Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & Co., [c1883] url .
Flora of the southeastern United States; being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and in Oklahom by John Kunkel Small. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 659, p. 660.
Flora of the southern United States: containing an abridged description of the flowering plants and ferns of Tennessee, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida: arr. according to the natural system. New YorkAmerican Book Co.[1897] url p. 66.
Flora of the vicinity of New York; a contribution to plant geography. [New York]1915 url p. 414.
Florists' review Chicago: Florists' Pub. Co. url , , .
Flowering phenology and density-dependent pollination success in Cephaelis elata (Rubiaceae) / by William Huntoon Busby. 1987. url p. 81.
Flowers and ferns in their haunts, by Mabel Osgood Wright with illustrations from photographs by the author and J. Horace McFarland. London, The Macmillan company, 1901. url p. 456.
Flowers and insects; lists of visitors of four hundred and fifty-three flowers, by Charles Robertson. Carlinville, Ill., n.p.1928. url p. 109.
Flowers of field, hill, and swamp, by Caroline A. Creevey. Illustrated by Benjamin Lander. New York, Harper, 1897. url p. 351.
Flowers of field, hill, and swamp; New York, Harper & Brothers, 1899. url .
Flowers that bloom in the spring: spring comes to Illinois--and with it come wild flowers which are part of the picture of springtime / by Virginia S. Eifert; illustrations by the author. Springfield, Ill.: State of Illinois, Dept. of Registration & Education, Illinois State Museum, 1952. url p. 40, p. 46.
Forest conditions of Mississippi. [Jackson, Miss.]: Mississippi State Geological Survey, 1913. url p. 151, p. 160.
Fourteen weeks in botany: being an illustrated flora / by Alsphonso Wood and J. Dorman Steele. New York: A.S. Barnes & Company, c1879. url p. 84, p. 86.
Garden and forest; a journal of horticulture, landscape art and forestry. New York: The Garden and forest publishing co., 1888-97. url p. 200, p. 217, p. 218, p. 257, p. 286, p. 288, p. 295.
Gardeners' chronicle of America. New York: Chronicle Press, 1905-1950. url p. 666.
Gardening. Chicago, the Gardening Co., 1892-1925. url , .
General index to the reports and bulletins of the experimental farms of the Dominion of Canada, 1887-1901. Ottawa, Printed by S.E. Dawson, printer to the King's Most excellent Majesty, 1902. url p. 67.
Grand Rapids flora: a catalogue of the flowering plants and ferns growing without cultivation in the vicinity of Grand Rapids, Michigan. Grand Rapids, Mich., A. Van Dort, 1901. url p. 98.
Gray's Botanical text-book New York, Ivison, 1879-1885. url p. 213.
Gray's Botanical text-book. New York: American Book Company, c1879. url p. 199, p. 213.
Gray's new manual of botany (7th ed.--illustrated) A handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the central and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, Cincinnati [etc.]American book company[c1908] url p. 535.
Gray's new manual of botany, a handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the central and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, rearranged and extensively revised by Benjamin Lincoln Robinson. .. and Merritt Lyndon Fernald. .. New York, Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Co.[c1908] url p. 534.
Gray's school and field book of botany. Consisting of "Lessons in botany, " and "Field, forest, and garden botany, " bound in one volume. New York, American book company, 1901?, c1887 url p. 94.
Guide to the Economic Museum of the New York Botanical Garden. New York, 1921. url p. 222.
Guide to the study of common plants. An introduction to botany. Boston, D. C. Heath, [c1895] url .
Hand-list of herbaceous plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens. London, Printed for H. M. Stationery Off. by Darling, 1902. url p. 509.
Handbook of experiment station work. Washington, Gov't print. off., 1893. url p. 373.
Handbook of flower pollination based upon Hermann Müller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects'; tr. by J.R. Ainsworth Davis. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1906. url p. 219.
Handbook of flower pollination: based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' / Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906-09. url .
Handbook of the flora of Philadelphia and vicinity, containing data relating to the plants within the following radius: eastern Pennsylvania, north to the Blue mountains, and west to the Susquehanna; all of New Jersey except the northern counties; and Philadelphia, Philadelphia Botanical Club, 1905. url .
Harper's guide to wild flowers, by Mrs. Caroline A. Creevey. New York, Harper, 1912. url p. 319, p. 501.
Heteroptera, or true bugs of eastern North America, with especial reference to the faunas of Indiana and Florida, by W.S. Blatchley. .. Indianapolis, The Nature publishing company, 1926. url p. 748.
Histology of medicinal plants, New York, J. Wiley & sons, inc.; [etc., etc.]1916 url p. 167, p. 187.
Histology of medicinal plants, by William Mansfield. New York, J. Wiley & sons, inc.; [etc., etc.]1916. url p. 167, p. 187.
Histology of medicinal plants. New YorkWiley1916 url p. 167.
History of the town of Hingham, Massachusetts: in three volumes. [Hingham, Mass.]: Published by the town, 1893 url p. 97.
History of the vegetable drugs of the Pharmacopeia of the United States / Cincinnati, O.: J. U. & C. G. Lloyd, 1911. url p. 43.
Honduran mosses collected by Paul C. Standley, by Edwin B. Bartram. Chicago, 1929. url p. 371.
House & garden's book of gardens; containing over four hundred illustrations of special flower types, plans and suggestions for landscape work, a complete gardener's calendar of the year's activities, planting and spraying tables, and New York, C. Nast & Company, 1921. url p. 33.
How to know the wild flowers: a guide to the names, haunts, and habits of our common wild flowers / by Mrs. William Starr Dana [i.e. F.T.S.D. Parsons]; illustrated by Marion Satterlee and Elsie Louise Shaw. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1913. url , p. 278, p. 335.
How to plan the home grounds, by S. Parsons, jr.... With illustrations drawn by W. E. Spader... New York, Doubleday & McClure co., 1899. url p. 202, p. 202.
How to plan the home grounds; New York:Doubleday & McClure Co., 1899. url .
How to study plants: or, Introduction to botany, being an illustrated flora / by Alphonso Wood. New York: Barnes, 1882. url p. 84, p. 86.
Illinois River Bluffs area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, [and the] State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, Ill.: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1998- url p. 173, p. 180.
Illinois biological monographs. Urbana, Univ. of Illinois Press. url p. 366, p. 380.
Illinois wild flowers, by John Voss and Virginia S. Eifert. Springfield, [1960] url p. 241, p. 249, p. 72.
Introduction to botany / by William Chase Stevens. Boston: D.C. Heath & Co., 1902. url , p. 70.
Introduction to botany, Boston, D. C. Heath & Co., 1902. url .
Introduction to botany, Boston, Ginn and company[c1914] url .
Introduction to botany. Boston, Ginn[1914] url p. 141.
Introduction to structural and systematic botany and vegetable physiology: being a fifth and revised edition of The botanical text-book / by Asa Gray. New York: Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, 1877. url p. 266.
Journal and proceedings of the Hamilton Association. [Hamilton, Ont.]: Printed for the Hamilton Association by the Spector Printing Co., [1884]-1899. url p. 99.
Journal of mycology. Manhattan, Kan.: [s.n.], 1885-1908. url p. 191, p. 271.
Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. Chapel Hill, N.C. [etc.]Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society [etc.] url p. 138, p. 138, p. 170, p. 45.
Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science. Lexington, KY: The Academy, 1998- url p. 127, p. 46, p. 58, p. 61, p. 86.
Journal of the New York Botanical Garden. 10 1909 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., 1900- url p. 141, p. 146, p. 290, p. 295, p. 300, p. 88.
Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society. Oxford [etc.]Royal Microscopical Society. url p. 703.
Key and flora, northern and central states. Boston, Ginn, [1908] url p. 141.
Key and flora: northern and central states / Boston: Ginn, 1908. url .
Lake Maxinkuckee. A physical and biological survey by Barton Warren Evermann and Howard Walton Clark. [Indianapolis]Dept. of Conservation, State of Indiana [Wm. B. Burford, printer]1920. url p. 348.
Lake Maxinkuckee. a physical and biological survey by Barton Warren Evermann and Howard Walton Clark. [Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford, printer]1920. url p. 348.
Lake Maxinkuckee: a physical and biological survey / by Barton Warren Evermann and Howard Walton Clark. Indianapolis: Dept. of Conservation, 1920. url p. 348.
Lawns and gardens. How to plant and beautify the home lot, the pleasure ground and garden, by N. Jönsson-Rose. With numerous plans and illustrations by the author. New York, G. P. Putnam, 1897. url p. x.
List of Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta growing without cultivation in northeastern North America. Prepared by a Committee of the Botanical Club, American Association for the Advancement of Science. New York, 1894. url p. 209.
Lists of plant types for landscape planting; the materials of planting for ornament listed according to their various uses, by Stephen F. Hamblin. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1923. url , , , , , , , , , , p. 101, p. 108, p. 110, p. 111, p. 120, p. 124, p. 83, p. 99.
Making a rock garden / by H. S. Adams. New York:McBride, Nast, 1912. url p. 35.
Manual of gardening: a practical guide to the making of home grounds and the growing of flowers, fruits, and vegetables for home use / New York: Macmillan Co., 1911. url .
Manual of gardening; a practical guide to the making of home grounds and the growing of flowers, fruits, and vegetables for home use, New York, The Macmillan Company, 1917. url .
Manual of the Flora of Jackson County, Missouri, By Kenneth K. MacKenzie, assisted by B. F. Bush and others. Kansas City, Mo., s.n., 1902 url p. 120.
Manual of the flora of Jackson County, Missouri, by Kenneth K. Mackenzie, assisted by B. F. Bush and others. Kansas City, Mo., 1902. url .
Manual of the flora of the northern states and Canada / by Nathaniel Lord Britton. New York: Holt, 1905. url p. 573.
Manual of the flowering plants of Iowa. [Lamoni, Iowa]Privately published, 1899. url .
Manual of the southeastern flora: being descriptions of the seed plants growing naturally in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, eastern Louisiana, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. 1933 New York: The author, 1933. url p. 744.
Medicinal plants. Being descriptions with original figures of the principal plants employed in medicine and an account of the characters, properties, and uses of their parts and products of medicinal value. By Robert Bentley and Henry Trimen. Plates by David Blair. In four volumes. London, J. & A. Churchill, 1880. url , , , .
Meehan's monthly: a magazine of horticulture, botany, and kindred subjects. Phila., PA: T. Meehan & Sons, 1891-1902. url , , , .
Meehans' monthly: a magazine of horticulture, botany and kindred subjects / conducted by Thomas Meehan. Philadelphia: Thomas Meehan & Sons, 1891-1902. url p. 157.
Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. 17 1918 Durham, N.C.: Published for the Club by the Seeman Printery, 1889- url p. 206, p. 209, p. 271, p. 44.
Michigan flora. Prepared for the thirtieth annual report of the Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture, by W. J. Beal and C. F. Wheeler. Lansing: R. Smith & co., printers, 1892 url .
Michigan flora: a list of the fern and seed plants growing without cultivation / prepared by W.J. Beal. [Lansing, Mich.]: State Board of Agriculture: 1904. url , p. 94.
Minnesota botanical studies. Minneapolis, Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota. url p. 362, p. 362, p. 394, p. 394, p. 551, p. 556, p. 556.
Miscellaneous papers on the botany of Michigan, by C. K. Dodge. Prepared under the direction of Alexander G. Ruthven. Published as a part of the Annual report of the Board of Geological Survey for 1920. Lansing, Mich., Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford, State Printers, 1921. url p. 106, p. 200, p. 52.
Museum bulletin / Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, 1908-1916. url , p. 159, p. 251.
Nantucket wild flowers / by Alice O. Albertson; illustrated by Anne Hinchman. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's sons, 1921. url , , p. 173, p. 173, p. 175, p. 175, p. 432, p. 432.
National Arboretum contribution. Washington, D.C.: The Arboretum: 1953- url p. 28.
Natural area inventory of Pender County, North Carolina / Raleigh: North Carolina Coastal Energy Impact Program, Office of Coastal Management, North Carolina Dept. of Natural Resources and Community Development, [1982?] url p. 151.
Nature's garden: an aid to knowledge of our wild flowers and their insect visitors... / text by Neltje Blanchan. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, c1900. url p. 105.
Nature's garden; an aid to knowledge of our wild flowers and their insect visitors. With colored plates and many other illus. photographed directly from nature by Henry Troth and A. R. Dugmore. Text by Neltje Blanchan [pseud.] 1922 Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1922. url p. 105.
New York State Museum bulletin. Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, 1916-1944. url p. 111, p. 112, p. 48, p. 84, p. 99.
New manual of botany. A handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the central and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, rearr. and extensively rev. by Benjamin Lincoln Robinson and Merritt Lyndon Fernald. New YorkAmerican Book Co.[c1908] url p. 534.
North American fauna. Washington: Fish and Wildlife Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U. S. Govt. Print. Off. url p. 189.
Notes for a flora of Nova Scotia Part I / by George Lawson. S.l.: s.n., 1891? url .
Origin and history of all the pharmacopeial vegetable drugs, chemicals and preparations with bibliography... Prepared under the auspices of and pub. by the American drug manufacturers' association, Washington, D.C. Cincinnati: The Caxton press, [c1921] url p. 153, p. 439.
Our early wild flowers: a study of the herbaceous plants blooming in early spring in the northern states / by Harriet L. Keeler. Illustrated by Mary Keffer and Eloise P. Luquer. New York: Scribner, 1916. url , .
Our garden flowers; a popular study of their native lands, their life histories, and their structural affiliations, New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1910. url .
Pamphlets on forestry in California. [1900?- url p. 103.
Pamphlets on silviculture. [1899- url p. 10.
Parasitic fungi of Illinois / by T.J. Burrill. Peoria, Ill.: J. W. Franks, 1885-1887. url , , .
Part I. The living flora of West Virginia, by C. F. Millspaugh. Part II. The fossil flora of West Virginia, by David White. Wheeling, Wheeling news litho. co., 1913 url p. 26, p. 80.
Pharmaceutical botany, Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's son & co.[c1914] url , .
Pharmaceutical botany, with glossary of botanical terms. Philadelphia, Blakiston[1921] url p. 165, p. 346.
Phytogeography of Nebraska. 1. General survey by Roscoe Pound and Frederic E. Clements. Lincoln, Neb.Published by the Seminar1900 url p. 235.
Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 367.
Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 381, p. 50, p. 53, p. 56, p. 69, p. 91.
Plant ecology, by W. B. McDougall. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger[1941] url p. 233.
Plant life and plant uses; an elementary textbook, a foundation for the study of agriculture, domestic science or college botany. New York, American Book Co.[c1913] url , , .
Plant life of Alabama, an account of the distribution, modes of association, and adaptations of the flora of Alabama, together with a systematic catalogue of the plants growing in the state. By Charles Mohr. .. Montgomery, Ala., Brown printing co., 1901. url p. 583, p. 83.
Plant life of Alabama. An account of the distribution, modes of association, and adaptations of the flora of Alabama, together with a systematic catalogue of the plants growing in the state. Prepared in cooperationwith the Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1901. url , .
Plant life of Alabama: an account of the distribution, modes of association, and adaptations of the flora of Alabama, together with a systematic catalogue of the plants growing in the state / by Charles Mohr. Montgomery, Ala.: Brown Printing Co., 1901. url p. 583, p. 83.
Plants of Iowa; a preliminary list of the native and introduced plants of the state, not under cultivation; comp. by Wesley Greene, secretary. Des Moines, Bishard brothers, printers, 1907. url p. 186, p. 186, p. 25, p. 25, p. 62, p. 62.
Plants of Mississippi: a list of flowering plants and ferns / by E.N. Lowe. [Jackson, Miss.]: Mississippi State Geological Survey, 1921. url p. 179, p. 36, p. 40.
Popular gardening and fruit growing; An illustrated periodical devoted to horticulture in all its branches. Buffalo, New York;Popular gardening publishing company. url p. 74.
Potter's cyclopaedia of botanical drugs and preparations / by R.C. Wren. London: Potter & Clarke, [1915] url p. 86, p. xx.
Potter's cyclopedia of botanical drugs and preparations / by R. C. Wren. London: Potter & Clarke, [1900-1950?]. url p. 50.
Practical guide to the wild flowers and fruits, by George Lincoln Walton... Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott company, 1909. url p. 13, p. 139, p. 209.
Preliminary list of plants growing without cultivation in the vicinity of Manchester, New Hampshire. Comp. by Frederick W. Batchelder. Manchester, N. H., Manchester institute of arts and sciences[1909] url p. 30.
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 1010, p. 126, p. 169, p. 65, p. 999.
Proceedings of the Canadian Institute. Toronto, Canadian Institute. url p. 146.
Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences. Davenport, Ia., Academy of Natural Sciences [etc.] url p. 156, p. 312, p. 312, p. 62.
Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science. Indianapolis, Ind.[s.n.] url p. 133, p. 144, p. 150, p. 150, p. 176, p. 179, p. 179, p. 179, p. 208, p. 221, p. 27, p. 27, p. 351, p. 36, p. 381, p. 457, p. 457.
Proceedings of the Manchester Institute of Arts and Sciences. Manchester, N.H.: The Institute, 1900-1911. url p. 88.
Proceedings of the Rochester Academy of Science. Rochester, N.Y.: The Academy.1889- url p. 120.
Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 6 1883 Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 457, p. 662.
Publication. Field Columbian Museum. Chicago.: Field Columbian Museum, 1895-1909. url p. 213.
Report of the Michigan Academy of Science. Lansing, Mich.: The Academy, 1904-1916. url p. 115, p. 126, p. 175, p. 203, p. 71.
Report of the State Botanist. Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, 1898-1925. url , , , , , p. 8.
Report of the flora of Westchester County. Prepared for Bolton's History of the County. New YorkRoper & Burdge, 1880? url p. 782.
Reports of the Director. .. / Experimental Farms. Ottawa: Experimental Farms, 1888-1916. url p. 451, p. 493, p. 65.
Reports of the Survey. Botanical series. Minneapolis [etc.]1892- url p. 333, p. 362, p. 686, p. 687, p. 728, p. 787.
Rock River area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, Natural History Survey Division, in conjunction with State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, IL: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1996- url p. 127, p. 51, p. 53.
Science. New York, N.Y.: [s.n.]1880- url p. 341.
Scientific and applied pharmacognosy, intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists. New York, Wiley, 1920. url p. 349.
Scientific papers of Asa Gray / selected by Charles Sprague Sargent. Boston, Houghton, 1889. url p. 64.
Scientific papers of Asa Gray, selected by Charles Sprague Sargent. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin, 1889. url p. 64, p. 64.
Selected western flora: Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta / Toronto: Macmillan Company of Canada, [c1915] url .
Shade gardens / by Oliver E. Allen and the editors of Time-Life Books. Alexandria, Va.: Time-Life Books, c1979. url p. 114.
Sharp eyes; a rambler's calendar of fifty-two weeks among insects, birds and flowers; by Wm. Hamilton Gibson. Illustrated by the author. New York: Harper & brothers, 1904. url p. 314.
Small, J. K. Flora of the southeastern United States;being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolin, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana and the Indian territory and in Oklahoma and Texas east of the one-hundredth meridian /by John Kunkel Small. .. 1903 New York: The author, 1903. url p. 659.
South Carolina. Resources and population. Institutions and industries. Pub. by the State Board of Agriculture of South Carolina. Charleston, S.C.: Walker, Evans & Cogswell, printers, 1883. url p. 318, p. 318.
Special papers / Ohio Academy of Sciences. Columbus, Ohio: The Academy, 1899-1929. url p. 105, p. 74.
Spring wild flowers. Chicago:Field Museum of Natural History, 1924. url p. 23.
Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 101, p. 160.
Station bulletin. Durham, N.H.: Agricultural Experiment Station, University of New Hampshire, 1948- url p. 73.
Stout manual training school; a handbook for planning and planting small home grounds. .. with a list of native and commonly cultivated plants that are represented in the collection upon the Stout manual training school grounds. Menomonie, Wis., Stout manual training school, 1899. url p. 55, p. 70.
Strolls by starlight and sunshine, by W. Hamilton Gibson. Illustrated by the author. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1891. url p. 188.
Strolls by starlight and sunshine; New York, Harper & brothers, 1890. url .
Structural botany, or Organography on the basis of morphology. To which is added the principles of taxonomy and phytography, and a glossary of botanical terms. By Asa Gray. Chicago, Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, and company, [1879] url .
Structural botany, or, Organography on the basis of morphology. To which is added the principles of taxonomy and phytography, and a glossary of botanical terms. By Asa Gray. New York: American Book Compnay, [1907] url p. 199, p. 213.
Structural botany: or, organography on the basis of morphology: to which is added the principles of taxonomy and phytography, and a glossary of botanical terms / by Asa Gray. London: Macmillan and Co., [c1879] url p. 213.
Students' handbook to accompany Plants and their uses / by Frederick Leroy Sargent. New York: Henry Holt, 1914. url .
Studies in natural history. Iowa City, Ia. url p. 12, p. 17.
Studies of American plants, by Paul C. Standley. 4 1929 Chicago, 1929-1940. url p. 198.
Studies of plant life in Canada, or, Gleanings from forest, lake and plain by C.P. Traill; illustrated withe chromo-lithographs from drawings by Mrs. Chamberlin. Ottawa: A.S. Woodburn, 1885. url , .
Studies of plant life in Canada. Wild flowers, flowering shrubs, and grasses. Toronto: William Briggs, 1906. url , , .
Studies of plant life in Canada: wild flowers, flowering sshrubs, and grasses / by Mrs C.P. Traill; illustrated with 8 reproductions in natural colors and 12 half-tone engravings, from drawings by Mrs. Agnes D. Chamberlin. Toronto: W. Briggs, 1906. url , , , .
Studies of plant life in Canada; or, Gleanings from forest, lake and plain. By Mrs. C.P. Traill... Illustrated with chromo-lithographs from drawings by Mrs. [Agnes D.] Chamberlin... Ottawa, A.S. Woodburn, 1885. url .
Studies of plant life; a series of exercises for the study of plants, Boston, D.C. Heath & Co., 1900. url .
Studies of the vegetation of Missouri. .. / By Julian A. Steyermark. 9 1940 [Chicago, 1940- url p. 445.
Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url p. 14, p. 14, p. 39, p. 66, p. 70, p. 73, p. 77.
Synoptical flora of North America. New York, American Book Company, 1878-1895/97 [v.2, pt. 1, 1878] url p. 358, p. 358.
Textbook of theoretical botany, by R. C. McLean and W. R. Ivimey-Cook. London, Longmans, Green[1951- url p. 1095.
The American botanist and florist, including lessons in the structure, life growth of plants, together with a simple analytical flora, descriptive of the native and cultivated plants growing in the Atlantic division of the American uni New York, Barnes[n.d.] url p. 68.
The American botanist and florist: including lessons in the structure, life, and growth of plants: together with a simple analytical flora, descriptive of the native and cultivated plants growing in the Atlantic division of the Americ by Alphonso Wood. New York: A. S. Barnes, 1877, c1870. url p. 68.
The American florist: a weekly journal for the trade. Chicago: American Florist Company, [1885-1931] url p. 1122, p. 300, p. 79, p. 981.
The American flower garden / by Neltje Blanchan; planting lists by Leonard Barron; illustrated with one hundred full-page photographs. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1909. url p. 90, p. 90.
The American flower garden, New York, Doubleday, Page & company, 1909. url p. 90.
The American midland naturalist. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame. url p. 167, p. 58.
The Asa Gray bulletin. 1 1952 Ann Arbor, Mich. url , p. 349.
The Buprestidae of North America, exclusive of Mexico, a catalogue including synonomy, bibliography, distribution, type locality and hosts of each species, by W. J. Chamberlin. Eugene, Or., c1926 url p. 223.
The Canadian field-naturalist. 55 1941 Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url stroud , p. 112, p. 117, p. 118, p. 222, p. 40, p. 469, p. 473, p. 501, p. 573, p. 726, p. 736, p. 85.
The Canadian horticulturist [monthly] St. Catharines, E.S. Leavenworth. url p. 176, p. 322.
The Canadian record of science. Montreal: Natural History Society, 1884-1916. url , p. 147, p. 371.
The Florists' exchange: a weekly medium of interchange for florists, nurserymen, seedsmen and the trade in general. New York, N.Y.: [A.T. De la Mare Ptg. and Pub. Co., url p. 1322, p. 598, p. 656, p. 718.
The Illustrated dictionary of gardening: a practical and scientific encyclopaedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists / edited by George Nicholson. ..; assisted by J.W.H. Trail. .. and J. Garrett. ... London: L. Upcott Gill; 1887-1889. url p. 382, p. 433.
The Journal of pharmacology. New York: Alumni Association of the College of Pharmacy of the City of New York, 1897- url p. 120.
The Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History. Cincinnati: The Society, 1878/79 [i.e. 1878 or 1879]-1945. url p. 232.
The Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS. Cedar Falls, Iowa: The Academy, 1988- url p. 112, p. 139.
The Metaspermae of the Minnesota Valley: a list of the higher seed-producing plants indigenous to the drainage-basin of the Minnesota River / by Conway MacMillan. Minneapolis: Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota, 1892. url p. 333, p. 686, p. 687, p. 728, p. 787.
The Metaspermae of the Minnesota valley; a list of the higher seed-producing plants indigenous to the drainage-basin of the Minnesota river. Minneapolis[Harrison & Smith, State Printers]1892 url p. 686, p. 687, p. 728.
The National geographic magazine. Washington: National Geographic Society, 1888-1959. url p. 510.
The North American Pyrenomycetes a contribution to mycologic biology / by J.B. Ellis and B.M. Everhart; with original illustrations by F.W. Anderson. Newfield, N.J.: Ellis & Everhart, 1892. url .
The North American Pyrenomycetes. A contribution to mycologic botany, Newfield, N. J., Ellis & Everhart, 1892 [c1890] url , .
The North American cup-fungi (inoperculates) New York, 1951. url p. 389, p. 60.
The Ohio journal of science. Columbus, Ohio, The Ohio State University and the Ohio Academy of Science url p. 27, p. 28, p. 75.
The Ottawa naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url , p. 155.
The Plant world. Baltimore [etc.]Plant World Association [etc.] url p. 106, p. 111, p. 148, p. 151, p. 154, p. 232.
The Proceedings and transactions of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science. Halifax, Nova Scotian Institute of Science. url p. 106, p. 371, p. 409.
The Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science. Des moines, Iowa: The Academy, [1889-1987] url p. 112, p. 139, p. 21, p. 233, p. 288.
The Tennessee flora; with special reference to the flora of Nashville. Phænogams and vascular cryptogams. By August Gattinger. Nashville, Tenn.The author, 1887. url p. 30.
The University of Kansas science bulletin. [Lawrence]: University of Kansas, 1902-1996. url p. 238, p. 238.
The University of Missouri studies. Columbia, Mo.: The University, 1905-[1918] url p. 166, p. 43.
The Victorian naturalist. [Melbourne]Field Naturalists Club of Victoria. url p. 25.
The amateur's practical garden-book; London, The Macmillan company, 1900. url p. 111.
The bacteriology of diphtheria, including sections on the history, epidemiology and pathology of the disease, the mortality caused by it, the toxins and antitoxins and the serum disease, by F. Loeffler, Arthur Newsholme, F. B. Mallory, G. S. Graham-Smith, George Dean, William H. Park, Charles F. Bolduan. Ed. by G. H. F. Nuttall and G. S. Graham-Smith Cambridge [Eng.]University Press, 1913 url , , p. 110, p. 287.
The bionomics of blister beetles of the genus Meloe and a classification of the New World species Urbana, University of Illinois Press[1970] url p. 217, p. 88.
The botanists of Philadelphia and their work. Philadelphia[T.C. Davis]1899 url p. 335, p. 445.
The complete garden, by Albert D. Taylor, assisted by Gordon D. Cooper. Illustrated with fifty full page cuts, four line charts, and nine coloured plates. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Page, 1921. url p. 197, p. 197.
The complete herbalist, or The people their own physicians by the use of nature's remedies: describing the great curative properties found in the herbal kingdom. .. / by Dr. O. Phelps Brown. Jersey City, N. J.: Published by the author, 1897. url p. 495.
The complete illustrated book of garden magic. Chicago, J.G. Ferguson Pub. Co.[1969] url p. 144.
The constitution and by-laws of the Ann Arbor Scientific Association with the proceedings for the year ending May 1, 1876.. ... Ann Arbor, Courier Steam Printing House, 1876. url p. 90.
The drug plants of Illinois / Leo R. Tehon; drawings by Kay H. Wadsworth. Urbana, Ill.: Natural History Survey Division, 1951. url p. 127.
The external morphology and postembryology of noctuid larvae, Urbana, Ill., c1924 url p. 23.
The flora of Franklin County [Indiana]. Richmond, 1885-1886 url p. 18.
The flora of Long Island. Lancaster, Pa.New Era Print., 1899. url .
The flora of North Carolina from Ranunculaceae to Salviniaceae / C.W. Hyams. Raleigh, N.C.: The North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1899. url p. 300.
The flora of Tennessee and a philosophy of botany: respectfully dedicated to the citizens of Tennessee / by Augustin Gattinger. Nashville: Press of Gospel Advocate Pub. Co., 1901. url p. 110.
The flora of the metamorphic region of Alabama / by F.S. Earle. Montgomery, Ala.: Brown Printing Co., 1902. url p. 85.
The flora of the town of Southold, Long Island, and Gardiner's Island / New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1914? url p. 115, p. 244, p. 7, p. 8.
The flower and the bee; plant life and pollination, LondonConstable1919 url p. 112.
The flowering plants, grasses, sedges, & ferns of Great Britain and their allies, the club mosses, horsetails, etc. London, F. Warne, 1905. url .
The garden month by month; describing the appearance, color, dates of bloom, height and cultivation of all desirable hardy herbaceous perennials for the formal or wild garden, with additional lists of aquatics, vi Garden City, N.Y., Garden City publishing company, inc.[c1907]. url .
The garden's story, or Pleasures and trials of an amateur gardener, New York, D. Appleton and company, 1889. url p. 335, p. 345.
The garden's story: or, Pleasures and trials of an amateur gardener / by George H. Ellwanger. .. New York: Appleton, 1891. url p. 345, p. 72.
The gypsy moth. Porthetria dispar (Linn.). A report of the work of destroying the insect in the commonwealth of Massachusetts, together with an account of its history and habits both in Massachusetts and Europe. By Edward H. Forbush. .. and Charles H. Fernald. .. Published under the direction of the State Board of Agriculture by authority of the legislature. Boston: Wright & Potter Printing Co., 1896. url p. 318, p. 318.
The microanalysis of powdered vegetable drugs, by Albert Schneider. .. with 237 illustrations Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's son & co.[c1921] url p. 354.
The mysteries of the flowers / by Herbert Waldron Faulkner. New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1917. url p. 66.
The mysteries of the flowers, New York: Frederick A. Stokes company, [c1917] url p. 66.
The native flora of the vicinity of Cold Spring Harbor, L.I., New York. n.p., 1925 url p. 174.
The native flowers and ferns of the United States in their botanical, horticultural and popular aspects / Boston: L. Prang and Company, 1878-[80] url , , , , .
The natural history and topography of Groton, Massachusetts / by Samuel Abbott Green. .. [Cambridge, J. Wilson and Son]1912-14. url p. 8.
The natural history of Chautauqua. New York: B. W. Huebsch, 1917. url p. 58.
The ornithology of Illinois. Part I. Descriptive catalogue. By Robert Ridgway. Part II. Economic ornithology. By S.A. Forbes. Pub. by the authority of the state Legislature. Springfield, Ill.: H.W. Rokker, printer, 1889-95. url p. 33.
The plant life of Maryland, by Forrest Shreve [et al.] Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1910. url p. 283, p. 285, p. 449.
The plant societies of Chicago and its vicinity. Chicago, The Geographic Society of Chicago[1901] url .
The plants of Southern New Jersey with especial reference to the flora of the pine barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, N. J., 1911. url , , .
The plants of Southern New Jersey; with especial reference to the flora of the Pine Barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, 1911. url p. 514.
The plants of southern New Jersey; with especial reference to the flora of the pine barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, 1911. url p. 514.
The practical garden-book, containing the simplest directions for the growing of the commonest things about the house and garden, by C. E. Hunn and L. H. Bailey. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1906 [c1898] url p. 111.
The preservation and management of vegetation in ravines in Highland Park, Illinois: a report / prepared by Kenneth R. Robertson and E. B. Himelick of the Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana, Illinois. Urbana: The Survey, 1977. url p. 19, p. 9.
The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 1330, p. 1331, p. 877.
The teaching botanist a manual of information upon botanical instruction: together with outlines and directions for a comprehensive elementary course / by William F. Ganong. London: Macmillan, 1900. url .
The teaching botanist; a manual of information upon botanical instruction, together with outlines and directions for a comprehensive elementary course, by William F. Ganong. New York, Macmillan, 1899. url p. 173.
The uses of plants: a manual of economic botany with special reference to vegetable products introduced during the last fifty years / by G. S. Boulger. London: Roper & Drowley, 1889. url p. 197.
The weed flora of Iowa / [by L. H. Pammel; with the collaboration of Charlotte M. King. .. et al.] Des Moines: Iowa Geological Survey, 1913. url p. 718.
The weed flora of Iowa Des Moines, Iowa geological survey, 1913. url .
The weed flora of Iowa. .. Des Moines, Iowa Geological Survey, 1913. url p. 718.
Through glade and mead; a contribution to local natural history, Worcester, Mass., Putnam, Davis and Company, [c1894] url .
Torreya. Burlington, Vt., Torrey Botanical Club, 1901-1945. url p. 110, p. 112, p. 115, p. 118, p. 123, p. 128, p. 133, p. 145, p. 148, p. 157, p. 160, p. 169, p. 171, p. 192, p. 244, p. 260, p. 276, p. 284, p. 30, p. 38, p. 45, p. 60, p. 65, p. 66, p. 66, p. 9.
Transactions and proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. [Edinburgh]: The Society, 1891-1970. url , p. 6.
Transactions of Vassar Brothers Institute, and its Scientific Section. Poughkeepsie, N.Y.: Vassar Brothers Institute, [1883-1896]. url p. 181.
Transactions of the American Entomological Society Philadelphia: The Society, 1890- url p. 54.
Transactions of the Canadian Institute. Toronto: Canadian Institute. url p. 202.
Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science. Springfield, Ill., Illinois State Academy of Science [etc.] url p. 103.
Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: W.Y. Morgan, 1903- url p. 199.
Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science. [Lexington, Ky.]Kentucky Academy of Science, 1923-1997. url p. 198, p. 234, p. 42, p. 48, p. 67, p. 83, p. 93.
Transactions of the Scientific Association, Meriden, Conn. [Meriden, Conn.: Meriden Scientific Association], 1885. url p. 26.
Transactions of the. .. annual meetings of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: Kansas Pub. House, 1883-1901. url p. 53.
Transactions. Columbus, Ohio [etc.] url p. 241, p. 248.
Trends and silvicultural significance of upland forest successions in southern New England, New Haven, Yale University, 1928 url p. 66.
Upland and meadow: a Poaetquissings chronicle / by Charles C. Abbott.. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1886. url p. 393.
Vascular plants of the Sangamon River basin; annotated checklist and ecological summary [by] Almut G. Jones and David T. Bell. [Urbana], University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture, [1974] url p. 38, p. 4.
Vegetable technology; a contribution towards a bibliography of economic botany, with a comprehensive subject-index. By Benjamin Daydon Jackson. .. Founded upon the collections of George James Symons, F. R. S. London, Pub. for the Index society, by Longmans, Green & co. [etc.]1882. url p. 30.
Wayside flowers Series I. Being a description of American wild flowers that bloom in April, May, and early June / Boston;Taber-Prang Art, c1898. url .
Wayside flowers Series III. Being a description of American wild flowers that bloom in July, August and September / Boston;Taber-Prang Art, c1898. url .
Wayside flowers Series IV. Being a description of American wild flowers that bloom in August, September, October, and June to October / Boston;Taber-Prang Art, c1898. url .
Who's who among the wild flowers / compiled and illustrated by W. I. Beecroft; with an introd. by Frances Duncan. New York: Moffat, Yard, 1910. url p. 198, p. 350.
Who's who among the wild flowers; comp. and illustrated by W. I. Beecroft, with an introduction by Frances Duncan. New York, Moffat, Yard and company, 1910. url p. 198, p. 350.
Wild flower families; the haunts, characters, and family relationships of the herbaceous wild flowers, with suggestions for their identification, & London, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1908. url .
Wild flowers east of the Rockies / by Chester A. Reed. New York: Doubleday, Page, 1910. url p. 188, p. 189, p. 415.
Wild flowers east of the Rockies. Worcester, Mass., Reed, 1910. url p. 188, p. 189, p. 415.
Wild flowers every child should know: arranged according to color with reliable descriptions of the more common species of the United States and Canada / by Frederic William Stack. New York: Doubleday, Page and Company, 1909. url p. 397.
Wild flowers of Canada published exclusively with the Montreal Star, Montreal; by special artists and botanists. Montreal: Montreal Star, [1895?] url .
Wild flowers of New York, by Homer D. House. Albany, The University of the state of New York, 1918. url , p. 332.
Wild flowers of the north-eastern states: being three hundred and eight individuals common to the north-eastern United States, New York [etc.]G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1904. url , .
Wild flowers; New York, Macmillan Co., 1934. url , .
Window gardening, and a list of some of the flowers found growing naturally in the vicinity of Boston. .. [Boston]: Massachusetts Horticultural Society, c1889. url p. 14.

Notes

[ Back to top ]

Contributors

Behnke Nurseries, Potomac MD USA
Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed April 30, 2012.
Geranium Taxonomic Information System. , 2006.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 18, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
Light, Kris. East Tennessee Wildflowers
RJB Geranium: Geranium Taxonomic Information System. Release date: May 27, 2008
RJB Geranium
Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 24, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 18, 2007:

Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2652472
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ger-107
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14714161
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:373284-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 314414
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 29107
International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 373284-1
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDGER020L0
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: GEMA
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 44

Footnotes

Yasin J Nasir "Geranium". in Flora of Pakistan . Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Mean = 257.860 meters (845.997 feet), Standard Deviation = 160.560 based on 1,024 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

Geranium maculatum

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Genus Geranium

Physical Description

Size/Age/Growth

Landscaping

Habitat

Biology

Reproduction

Growth

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Geranium

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes